生育事故補償制度的法律與社會研究—從我國「鼓勵醫療生育事故爭議事件試辦計畫」談起 - 政大學術集成

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(1)!. 1 0. 7 4. 治政 A Legal and Social Study on No-fault大 Compensation for 立. ‧ 國. 學. Birth-related Injury:. A Case Study on the Experimental Program of Taiwanese. ‧. “No-fault Compensation for Birth-related Injury”. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi !. !. 1!. i Un. v.

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(6) !. Abstract The Experimental “ No-fault Compensation for Birth-related Injury” Program implemented in 2012 is the first medical no-fault compensation program of its kind in Taiwan. This experiment is regarded as an introductory program for the draft act on the Medical Dispute and Compensation Law. Before the introduction of the “No-fault Compensation for Birth-related. 政治大. Injury “ Program, patients and their families had to personally bear the. 立. consequences of birth related injuries, and the medical providers often. ‧ 國. 學. suffered from medical disputes or lawsuits as well. Because of the heavy. ‧. burdens from psychological and financial pressures on medical. sit. y. Nat. professionals, new doctors would refuse to practice birth deliveries and. er. io. experienced doctors consequently chose early retirement. Because of this. n. al system, the number of practicing obstetricians decreased i v over time. Ch. n U engchi. For the first section of this thesis, the current practice of “No-fault Compensation for Birth-related Injury" Program and its outcomes are reviewed, emphasizing the effects of the program in reducing medical lawsuits and increasing compensations for birth-injured patients. Secondly, the thesis applies the comparative law approach to study the difference between the no-fault compensation program and the other foreign/domestic legal systems in order to explore the possibility of its. !. III!.

(7) !. future implementation into other fields of medical practice. The expansion of this program across medical professions could also decrease lawsuits and increase patient compensation. In conclusion, this thesis suggests several proposals such as solidifying the experimental program into concrete legislation and possibly extending this no-fault compensation used in the experimental program to help solve malpractice issues in other fields.. 政治大 Keywords: Birth-related Injury, Medical Malpractice, Medical 立 ! !. ‧. ‧ 國. !. 學. Dispute, No-fault Compensation System. !. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. !. Ch. engchi. IV!. i Un. v.

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(53) !. ! !!!!. つ. つ 4. 103. !!!!t. !. n 104. f. 105. し』. 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. ‧ sit. y. !. al. er. !. n. !!!!!. 學. 106. 6. io. h. し. o. Nat. !. 6. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. t Krauss. l. Tort!law. n h !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 103!. 8. 104!. ! 487. 1 !. i… 105. 2012 106! !. 233. n 2. ! 235. ! 39!.

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(56) !. !. !. !. !. ADR. !!. !. 6. ! !!!!!. n. n. Alternative!Dispute!Resolution,!ADR 能降低當事人間對立與減少訴訟費用的好處，以及觀察到 n. 立. !. ‧ 國. Alternative!Dispute!Resolution,!ADR. Nat. ADR109. n. al. er. io. 110. arbitration. Ch 111 !. 6. y. 4. sit. t. ‧. 6. !. ADR. 學. !!!!!. 政治大. negotiation. engchi. !!!. i Un. ADR. v. mediation. !. ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 109!. 1. 1. n 2005. 110!. 7 31 16. 2004. ! ! ADR!. n. private!judge adjudication. つ. 、. !. 111!. ! !. 158! 41!. 217. 2008. 85 7. 2 !. 8.

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(58) !. に. n. c. ADR. 4 114. !. !!!!t. no-fault compensation. scheme. 。. u. t. ※. 立. !. !. ‧ つ. n. al. er. io 4. sit. y. t. Nat. !!!!. 、115. 學. !. 政治大. ‧ 國. !!!!!. !. 。. t. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. 116. c l. 117. !. !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 114!. Jeremy!Coylewright,!No!Fault,!No!Worries!Combining!a!NoEFault!Medical!Malpractice!Act!with! a!National!SingleEPayer!Health!Insurance!Plan,!4!IND.!HEALTH!L.!REV.!31,!43!(2007).! 115! Id.!at!46.! 116! n 6 164 61 2010 11 15 ! 117! 61 ! !. 43!.

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(61) !. C. 7. n. 125. C 96 7. n. 450. ! 1. 政治大. 7. 立 .C. 7. C. ‧ 國. 6. 97 7. 741. 學. !!!!. !. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. !!!!. t. 6 .. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 125!. 85 90 !. 7. 1994 5125 709. ( (. ) 7 ) !. 87. 46!. 6( 151. 7 (. 7 u ).

(62) !. 126. !. n !. !. !. ! !!!!t. 6. n. no!fault!compensation. c 、. .. ‧ 國. distributive!justice. y sit. n. al. er. io. 129. Ch. 、. engchi. i Un. v. t 130. …. 3. !. !!!!. 4 t. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 126! 127!. 101 170 !. 169. 128! 129! 130!. !. !. 23 1180 1184. !. rectificatory!. Nat. 128. 127. 》. ‧. justice. 立. 學. !!!!. 政治大n. ! ! 47!. 1. 1180. 1996. 1. !.

(63) !. John!Rawls t. n Theory!of!Justice. A!. justice!as!fairness. distributive!justice. 。. %. 131. !. t !!!!. t. %. t. 政治 !大 132. 》. 立. !!!!. ‧ 國. 學. 133. ‧. t. t 1990. n. al. C. n. er. io. つ134. y. .. Nat. C6. sit. t. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. 135. 6. !. !!!!t 136. C. C6 C. 。 C. 6. h. !. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 131!. 3 172 1994 6 169 ! 133! 116 61 ! 134! 61 ! 135! Diana Brahams, No Fault Compensation, 336 THE LANCET 1499, 1500 (1990).! 136! 116 63 ! 132!. 119. !. 48!. !.

(64) !. !!!!. nt 2006. 、. 137. 6. nt. t 138. !. 、 !. !. !. !. つ. 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. つ. ‧. n. al. er. io. !. sit. Nat. !. y. o. ! !. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. 139. !. ! ! !!!!. Patient Compensation Insurance. medical no-fault !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 137!. 34 470 !. 138!. 1. !. 139!. ( 0 30. !. — 6. 1655194. 2001. 11. ! 49!. 7. t. n.

(65) !. t 1975 7. n. l. t. l !. —— !!!!. , 、 t. 政治大. し. 立. t. (. u. Ch. i Un. sit. n. !!!!. e n g c hつi. 、 !. o6 (1). 6 !. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 178. !. Skandia Life. er. io. al. !. 140!. y. ‧. Consortium of. Nat. Insurers. 學. councils. !. 140. county!. ‧ 國. !!!!. しら. !. 50!. v. i.

(66) !. (2). !. (3). %. e. !. 6 (4) つ t. 1992. !. o. (5). 立. 政治大6 !. 141. ‧ 國. 30. 142. ‧. o. Nat. y. t. ※. n. al. er. io. sit. 10. つ. 學. !!!!3. 6. !. Ch. !!!!. つ. engchi. i Un. v. ,. no-fault. つ. medical misfortune medical error 4. t. e. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 141! 142!. !. 172 173. t. ! ! 51!.

(67) !. 143. error. !. negligent. !!!!. 。. t 1986. 6. ! ! ! ! !. 44,647!. 18,243! 18,666!. 22,252!. !. 3,354!. 學. ‧ 國. 1986/08&1991/12!. 政40,306!治大. 立. !. 1975/01&1986/07!. 55.2%!. 17.9%!. 18,054!. ‧. !. 4,341!. N/A!. Ch. 478m!. n. 9.7. y sit. io. a! l. !. 15,312!. !. !. er. Nat. !. engchi 21,226!. i Un. v. 380m! 113,298!. ! ! 16. 。. 2014144. !. !. ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 143! 144!. Diana Brahams, The Swedish Medical Insurance Schemes, 331 THE LANCET 43 (1988).! に n 5 2014 10 31 ! !. 52!.

(68) !. ! ! ! ! t 1980. ( 1997. 1 Patient!Injury!Act 6 (1). Treatment Injury. (2). !. Material-related Injury. て. (3). Diagnostic Injury. (4) 、. !. 治 Injury 政 Accident-related 大. 立. (6). ‧ 國. ‧ sit. y al. n. !!!!t. C. er. claims committee. io. 146. !. Ch. engchi. 。. t 45%. 、 4000 3000. n SEK. !. 147. !!!!つ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 145!. The!patient!Injury!Act!(1996:799)!Section!7.! ! 139 177 ! 147! 34 221 ! 146!. !. !. Medication Injuries. Nat. !. !. 學. !!!!t. !. !. Infection Injury. (5). !. 145. 53!. i Un. v. 9500.

(69) !. 148. .. 4. 10. 149. !. ! 150. !. !. !. !!!!. Accident!Compensation!Scheme 1974. 立. つ. ‧ 國. ACC. ‧. 151. Accident!Compensation!. 學. Commission,!ACC. 政治大. n. y. Nat 152. n. al. !!!!. 6. Ch. e n g4c h i. 80%. !. er. io. sit. o. i Un. v. …. eて. 6. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 148! OCED,!POLICY!ISSUES!IN!INSURANCE:!MEDICAL!MALPRACTIOCE!PREVENTION,!INSURANCE!AND!COVERAGE! OPTIONS!15!(2006).! 149! n 『 17 2014 1 ! 150! ( i — 7 64 97 117 2000 12 ! 151! The!Accident!Compensation!Corporation!(ACC)!website,!http://www.acc.co.nz,!last!visted! 2015/3/11.! 152! 150 101 !. !. 54!.

(70) !. !. 153. !!!つ. t 1992. medical!misadventure. つ. medical!error. 6. 6. medical!mishap. 1992. t 154. 6. 立. 政治rare 大 156. 1992. ‧. つ. n. er. io. al. ! ! ! ! t 2005. Ch. l. engchi. i Un. v. u 157. !. . treatment!injury. 158. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 153!. sit. y. Nat. ACC. tつ. t. severe. 學. ‧ 國. 155. t. ACC http://www.acc.co.nz/publications/index.htm?ssBrowseSubCategory=Chinese! ! 154! 150 110 ! 155! 110 ! 156! t t 14 28 54 ! (1992!Accident!Insurance!Act,!No.13,!x.!5(1)5(4)) 110 ! 157! 117 ! 158! Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Compensation Act 2001, Section 32: substituted, on 1 July 2005, by section 13 of the Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Compensation Amendment Act (No 2) 2005 (2005 No 45). http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2001/0049/latest/DLM100934.html, last visited 2015/3/21. !. (. 55!.

(71) !. t t. underlying. t. health condition. the clinical. knowledge at the time of the treatment. 159. Resource. t allocation decision ! !!!!. C ACC. 160. 政治大. %. 立. ‧ 國. !. n. al. し. し. er. 。. sit. y. ‧. 161. io. u. ACC. Nat. !!!!. punitive!. 學. damages. 4. Ch. ACCe n g c h i. i Un. v. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 159. Treatment injury means personal injury that is— (a)suffered by a person— (i)seeking treatment from 1 or more registered health professionals; or (ii)receiving treatment from, or at the direction of, 1 or more registered health professionals; or (iii)referred to in subsection (7); and (b)caused by treatment; and (c)not a necessary part, or ordinary consequence, of the treatment, taking into account all the circumstances of the treatment, including— (i)the person's underlying health condition at the time of the treatment; and (ii)the clinical knowledge at the time of the treatment. 160 Treatment injury does not include the following kinds of personal injury: (a)personal injury that is wholly or substantially caused by a person's underlying health condition: (b)personal injury that is solely attributable to a resource allocation decision: (c)personal injury that is a result of a person unreasonably withholding or delaying their consent to undergo treatment. 161 OCED, supra note 148, at 81. !. 56!. し.

(72) !. し. 『. !. 162. !!!!!. n 6 7 つ ,. n. !. 立. 6. 政治大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. ! 17. n. !. Ch. engchi U. v ni. Bismark. ! 163!. !. h. !. n !. !!. nt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 162!. Marie Bismark and Ron Paterson, No-Fault Compensation In New Zealand: Harmonizing Injury Compensation, 25 PROVIDER ACCOUNTABILITY, AND PATIENT SAFETY HEALTH AFFAIRS 278 (2006). 163 Id. at 279. !. 57!.

(73) !. 6. ( !. つ !. !. !. !. !!!!. n 86. n. 164. n n 89. 5. 31. ˙. n. 政治大. 立. ‧ 國. 學. n 90. ‧. !. sit. n. al. !. er. io. !. y. Nat. !. ! !!!!. Ch. e ntg c h i. t. i Un. v. つ 165. 『. !. (1). !. 6 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 164!. a— 228. 1 165! !. 120 2014. 5. n 86 !. 1215122. ! 58!.

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(76) !. 17%,! 66,949,630! 9%,! 36,297,333!. 74%,! 288,200,000! !!!. ! 19. ! !. 『. ! !!!!. 。. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. !!!!. 學. !. y. Nat. 168. io. sit. l. n. al. er. C. o. つC 、. hengchi. i Un. v. 169. !. t !. !. !. ! !!!!. 1988. n. 1 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 168! 169!. !. 164 133. 125. !. ! 61!. 6. 1986.

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(80) !. !. 178. !!. !. !!. !. n. !!. !. !. !. 。!. ! !!!!. 、. 政治大. 1989 3. 2015. 立1,471. 23 !. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. 1,455. 165. 100 75 50 25 0. sit er. al. n. 受 200 理件 150 數 125. 610. io. 600. y. Nat. 歷年受害救濟申請案件統計(78–104/3/23). Ch. i Un. engchi 97. 97. 受理件數. v. 110. 95. 93. 53 17. 10. 78~90 91. 92. 25. 32. 31. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 16 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 受理件數 165. 17. 10. 20. 25. 32. 31. 53. 97. 610. 97. 110. 93. 95. 16. 案件累計 165. 182. 192. 212. 237. 269. 300. 353. 450. 1060. 1157. 1267. 1360. 1455. 1471. 年度. ! 21. 78~90. 20. n 785104. 179!. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 178!. 2. 179!. 1. 4. !. ! http://www.cdc.gov.tw/list.aspx?treeid=d78de698c2e70a89&nowtreeid=110fa1639def7957 !. 65!.

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(82) !. 41%! 59%!. ! ! 22. !. 立. 1989. 2015. ‧ 國. 182. 6 , 159. 151. io. sit. y. Nat. !. 23. ‧. 381. 3. 學. 100,594,487. 政治大. n. al. er. !!!!. !. 『. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. ! !!. ! 23. 183!. !. !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 182!. ! http://www.cdc.gov.tw/list.aspx?treeid=d78de698c2e70a89&nowtreeid=110fa1639def7957 2015 5 5 ! 183! 2015 5 5 ! !. 67!.

(83) !. 184. n o 185. n. 6 n. n. n つ. W 186. 6 nt 2009 tn. 187. 6. n. 立. 政治大. ! n. 學. ‧ 國. !!!. n. 6 つ. ‧. 188. C. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. C. Ch. engchi. n iv n U. つ. !. 6 !!!!. t 189. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 184!. 2009 185! 186! 187! 188! 189! !. 10. n !. n hh 184 184 187. 352. つ ! 159 ! 、 161 ! 262 !. 260. 68!. 2012. 160. 9. !!.

(84) !. !. 190. 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! !. 立. 學. !. ‧ 國. !. 政治大. !. ‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. i Un. v. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 190! Mary!Beth!Neraas,!The!National!Childhood!Vaccine!Injury!Act!of!1986:!A!Solution!to!the!Vaccine! Liability!Crisis?,!63!WASH.!L.!REV.!149,!151!(1988).!. !. 69!.


(86) !. !. h. !. 、. !. n. ! !!!. 、. 6 l. 、. 、. 6. 立. injury!cases. ‧ 國. t. ‧. 4. y sit. n. al. er. io. n. !. …. Nat. 191. !!!!. t. Brith!. 、. 學. し. 政治大. Ch. t. engchi. 109. t. i Un. n. v. 33% 192. 、 %. !. !. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. 191! Robert!B.!Leflar,!The!Law!of!Medical!Misadventure!in!Japan,!87!CHICAGO5KENT!LAW!REVIEW!79,! 106!(2012).! 192! 13 214 !. !. 70!.

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(88) !. ! =!. 194. /. 100,000 % ˙ 85. 100. !. ! 25!!. 24!! 24!! 24!! 18!! 19!!. 16!! 15!! 15!! 14!! 13!! 治 12!! 政大. 立. 15!!. ‧ 國 n 855100. 1/100000. 9.2!. 8.9!. 7.7!. y. !. sit. 12!. 8!. !. er. al. n. 14!. 10!. 10!!. )!. 『. io. !. 7!!. ‧. ! 24. (. Nat. !!!!!. 30!!. 學. 35!! 30!! 25!! 20!! 15!! 10!! 5!! 5!!. 8.4!. Ch 7.8!. 6!. v. 95%!C.I! ni. engchi U 7.7!. 7!. 6.6!. 7.3!. 7.3!. 8.3! 6.9!. 5.5!. 6.6! 4.2!. 4!. 5!. 2! 0!. n 85!. 86!. 87!. 88!. 89!. 90!. 91!. 92!. 93!. 94!. 95!. 96!. 97!. 98!. 99! 100!. ! !!!!. ! 25. n 855100. 『. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 194!. http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOS/Statistic.aspx?f_list_no=312&fod_list_no=1717 2015 5 5 ! !. 72!. !.

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(93) !. 2009. c l つ. つ、. !. n. !. !. !. n. !. !!!!t. n. ( medical. n malpractice. t. 立. defensive medical. .. ‧ 國. n. t 1980. ‧. !. c. n. y. Nat io. sit. 1987. er. !!!!. 4. 學. techniques. 政治大. n. ! Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Act a 1 198. 1. iv l C n h e『n g c h i U. !. !. !. !. ! !!!!!. n 6. n. 、 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 198!. !. 53. 1. !. 77!.

(94) !. 199. !. !!!!! 200. t Medical!Malpractice!Crisis. t n ! !!!!. t 1987. 5.2%. 4. 政治大. 12.4%. 立. 1989 45%. ‧ 國. 學. 31.8%. 201. ‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. !. 6. Ch 8. engchi. i Un. 2. v. 6. !!!!!t !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! t 1988. 199. 100. 17 6%. 200!. 53. 556. !. 40% . 80%. 34. 201!. 177,509 10%. 53 202! !. 10. ! 10511. 27%. ! 78!. 247 t. !.

(95) !. l. u the!Medical!. Society!of!Virginia. 203. 204. 立. !!!!!!. n. al. sit. er. io. Birth5Related!Injury!Compensation!Program!,BIP 205. Virginia!. y. Nat. !!!!!. !. ‧. !!!. ‧ 國. n. !. 學. !. 政治大. Ch. i Un. v. t. t 1980. emedical!malpractice!insurance!rates ngchi. ! !!!!t 、. Virginia!Birth!Injury!Fund,!BIF. (1). 5000. 50. (2) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 203!. 12 ! 13 ! 205! Why!the!Birth5Injury!Program,!Virginia!Birth5Related!Neurological!Injury!Compensation! Program,!http://www.vabirthinjury.com/why5the5birth5injury5program/,!last!visted!2015/3/9.! 204!. !. 79!.

(96) !. 50 (3) 250 206. t (4). !. !!!!. Section!38.255001. n. 207. t …. !. 立. (. !. /. Rehabilitation/Therapy. Nat. …. Medical. 208. o. Hospital. t. ‧. !!!!. 、. 學. ‧ 國. 4. 政治大. y. !!!!. e. 18. 65. er. io. Residential!and!custodial!care. sit. ※. n. al Compensation!for!lost!earnings,!ages!18!to!65 iv Ch. e. ngch Special!equipment!or!facilities Reasonable!claim!filing!costs!. i. Un. eて. including!attorney’s!fees. Medically!necessary!travel !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 206!. 53 20 ! Section!38.255001,!Code!of!Virginia!states:! Birth5related!neurological!injury”!means!injury!to!the!brain!or!spinal!cord!of!an!infant!caused! by!the!deprivation!of!oxygen!or!mechanical!injury!occurring!in!the!course!of!labor,!delivery!or! resuscitation!necessitated!by!a!deprivation!of!oxygen!or!mechanical!injury!that!occurred!in!the! course!of!labor!or!delivery,!in!a!hospital!which!renders!the!infant!permanently!motorically! disabled!and!(i)!developmentally!disabled!or!(ii)!for!infants!sufficiently!developed!to!be! cognitively!evaluated,!cognitively!disabled.! つ 1987 2004 つ ! 208! 205 2015 3 9 ! 207!. !. 80!.

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(99) !. !. !. 。!. ! !!!!t. 1987. 1988. Florida!Birth!Related!Neurological!Injury! Compensation!Act The!Florida!Birth5Related!Neurological!Injury!Compensation! Association,!NICA. !. !!!!. 政治大 t. 立. ‧ 國. 學. ! !. n. al. !. C. !. !. er. io. !. y. Nat. !. !. ‧. !. 2500. sit. NICA. 213. Ch ! !. engchi. !. i Un. v. ! !. 6. 2500 2000. % !. !. !. !. ! !. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! last!visted:!2015/4/15.! ! 213! Gil!Siegal,!et!al.,!Adjudicating!Severe!Birth!Injury!Claims!in!Florida!and!Virginia:!the!Experience! of!a!Landmark!Experiment!in!Personal!Injury!Compensation,!34!AMERICAN!JOURNAL!OF!LAW!AND! Medicine!493!(2008).! !. 83!.

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(103) !. 223. % !!!!3. !. 2012. t %. C c. 3. t 224. !. !. !!. つ. ! !!!!. 立. つ. 政治大つ. つ t. y. n. al. !. つ. !. er. io. sit. 3. !. つ. ‧. ‧ 國. つ. Nat. つ. W. 學. t 1973. !. Ch. e n g !c h i. i Un. v. !. !!!! JAPAN. Professional!Liability!Insurance!of!. つ 6. r. つ. 225. つ. !. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 223! 224!. 213 529 ! Michael!Krauss,!supra!note!107,!at!376.!. 225!. 95 !. 2007. つ !. 1 87!. 6. n.

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(106) !. 政治大. 立. ‧. ‧ 國. 學 sit. n. al. 2007229. !. Ch. !!!!. engchi. つ. t. 2001. 1. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 104. !. i Un. v. つ t. t. 229!. !. er. io. つ. y. Nat. ! 32. !. !. 90!. つ.

(107) !. !. 230. !!!!. 6. つ. t 1970. つt %. 6. t !. 231. % !. !. !. つ. !. ! ! ! ! 2006. 政治大. つ. 立. t. ‧ 國. 學 y Cにh. 1997. !!!!t. 2007. engchi U. 69% 97,810,000. er. つ. n. al. sit. !. 、. v ni. 64 44. cerebral!palsy p. 7. 233. !. つ. t 2009. つ. つ. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 230!. ‧. 232. つ. ADR. l. io. !!!!. つ. Nat. 6. つ. 115. t 2006. 8. ! つ 7 56 5 63564 2013 5 ! 232! 63564 ! 233! Nana!Uesugi!et!al.,!Analysis!of!BirthERelated!Medical!Malpractice!Litigation!Cases!in!Japan:! Review!and!Discussion!Towards!Implementation!of!a!NoEFault!Compensation!System,!36!J.! OBSTETRICAL!&!GYNÆCOLOGICAL!RES.!717,719!(2010)! 231!. !. 91!.

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