Library and Information Professionals and Knowledge Management
LIS Professionals and the Knowledge Management
Qiu Ziheng Tzu-heng Chiu
Taiwan University, Institute of Library and Information Science PhD candidate
Doctoral student, Institute of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University
Library and Information Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Adjunct Lecturer
Instructor, Department of Library and Information Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University
Abstract Abstract】
As the knowledge economy era, knowledge becomes the key to organizational resources to enhance competitiveness, knowledge management and thus become the twenty-first century, an
important business trend, while in the field of Library and Information professional work in this sector for the knowledge management boom units in the organization of information
professionals in library and information services for the hardest hit.
This change from the information services librarian with specialized roles are relocated to a talk, and then introduce the concepts of knowledge management, and clarify its relationship with information management, and then shows how to map information professionals
apply their expertise in the field of knowledge management,
expectations of the job of special librarians and interested business services into the plan capital professionals helpful.
The era of knowledge economy has come, and knowledge has become a key resource for improving the competitiveness of an enterprise. As a result, Knowledge
Management (KM) becomes the most important strategy of business administration in the 21 st century. Among all the LIS professionals, corporate librarians are most affected by KM. This article begins with the transformation of information services and special librarians' roles, followed by the clarification between KM and
information management. Lastly, the author explains how LIS professionals apply their competencies and skills to the filed of KM. It is the author's hope to present some useful information for practitioners and LIS students interested in KM.
【Keywords】 Keyword:
Knowledge management; Library and Information Professionals;
special librarians; company Librarians
Knowledge management; LIS professionals; Special librarians; Corporate librarians
I. Introduction: the changing information services As the information explosion, coupled with information technology and communication technology, now everyone can easily access all information and makes the social environment of accelerating
change, competition among enterprises is thus increased, scholars began to emphasize the different information and knowledge, and have advocated the concept of knowledge management. Library and information professionals in the field of work, which shares the enthusiasm for knowledge management in the organization's
information services unit in the map data is the impact of the largest professional.
U.S. big business since the 1960s, have set up library (room) or the establishment of information centers that provide information services employees. The purpose of information services was
mainly due to: 1) active and selective transmission of information; 2)
communications, editing and translation of information; 3) to provide reference services and research services; 4) extension services and education and training; 5) manage internal information; 6) the
development of information policy; 7) index and classification of information; and 8) cost-effective service and management. (Note 1) when necessary for specialized librarians professional
competence include: knowledge of the parent organization, specialized subject knowledge, familiar with the curiosity of information sources and information organization, indexing, and classification, summary and editing, search and research, effective dissemination of knowledge, information management, technology, language proficiency, and legal knowledge. (Note 2) For the special librarian's personal abilities are emphasized: polite, understanding user needs, know what is an emergency, research methods,
persistent, patient, correct judgment, keen discernment, social network and so on. (Note 3)
However, to the late 1990s, due to the popularity of knowledge
management in the business world, specialized librarians in this new environment to survive, must be able to: 1) identify the location of intellectual capital; 2), access, and organize enterprises knowledge required; 3) training users how to use the knowledge retrieval and knowledge sharing tool; and 4) assisting users and creative use of knowledge. (Note 4) To achieve the above tasks, today's specialized skills required of librarians is more diverse than the past, including:
the parent organization and its business partners, knowledge, master the internal and external sources of knowledge, information management and knowledge management skills, IT competence, leadership, process management and project management, communication and negotiation skills, profit and value
measurement. (5) the ability of the individual, then more emphasis will have to adapt to changing environment, personality traits, including: self-confidence, have vision and creativity, opportunism, have the confidence and willingness to take risks, focus, teamwork, ambitious and so on. (Note 6)
From the last known, with the transfer times and large changes in the environment, information services, the goal has changed, the
organization regarding the special librarian's professional capacity and personal capacity to the requirements is not the same, of
course, special librarians in the enterprise Nature also played a role change. This article by specialized librarians about the role change, and then introduce the related concept of knowledge management and information management to clarify its relationship with the then shows how to map information professionals apply their expertise in the field of knowledge management to provide relevant information to employees and interested members of the specialized library services to map data into business professionals as a reference.
Second, specific changes in the roles of librarians The last decade, the role of special librarians concerned about the problem changes, this section separately from business managers, professional organizations, and the librarian's own point of view of the three this phenomenon.
(A) the views of corporate managers
1990 Matarazzo, Prusak, and Gauthier published 164 large U.S.
companies, senior managers evaluate their company's library of investigation reports, this study in the United States Special
Libraries Association (Special libraries Association, referred to as SLA), under the auspices of carried out. Report that: The typical company is a centralized library, employing fewer than five full-time staff; the establishment of the purpose of identification, collection and
dissemination of information; users of the database search is
generally considered to provide library information services the best way; the most commonly used library is enterprise marketing / business, and technology sectors. In addition, although the
respondents considered that the provision of effective library service is important, but their library services for those who most contribute to the enterprise, and how to evaluate impact of the Library and there is no consensus. (Note 7) the following excerpt part of this study found: (Note 8)
Library, senior manager worth evaluation methods, were: to provide information to help make better decisions, save time / increase productivity, the other, to save money;
Senior manager's attention to the ability of librarians, were:
delivery of effective services, development of effective service, the user response to changing needs, work more productive, control IT costs;
Senior managers believe that library services are most useful in the enterprise, in order: electronic databases, periodicals, books, other, analysis and research;
Senior managers believe that the contribution of the
enterprise library: about two-thirds of respondents answered do not know, or choose not to answer, others considered
"passing information."
The conclusions of this study include: (Note 9)
Librarians traditional library science methods to evaluate their own performance, but the business managers are using completely different evaluation standards;
The library's contribution to the enterprise, and library performance measurement evaluation and other issues, the respondents no common view among;
Librarians general information on business policies and mission made no comment in the space, respondents were also clear in the end the whole library in the enterprise IT architecture occupies what position;
End-user retrieval (end-user searching), and other information technology development, not only affects the operation of enterprises, but also affect the company's librarian's role in the enterprise, but the library staff and their senior managers are rarely in this issue response planning;
Respondents generally only intuitive that the library is
valuable and worthy of support, but the library does not seem to rely on this kind of "intuition" view to competing with other departments, enterprises increasingly tight resources.
Social environment within a few years after the great changes, which were far-reaching implications: 1) computer and network functions significantly improve, Internet and WWW are becoming more popular; 2) for the special design of the market and end-users
continue to appear online database ; 3) Most of the personnel of business organization is facing the challenge of streamlining and reorganization (Note 10). In such a large environment, although the company has put in more effort to do librarian information services, but if the efforts the wrong direction, and can not prove their value in the enterprise will be faced with annexation by other
departments, or been pushed out to edge of destiny. (Note 11)
Matarazzo and Prusak, therefore the support of the SLA, in 1995 and re- visit the 103 U.S. large enterprises, senior managers (of which 75% of the enterprises have participated in the survey five years ago) to understand the company's library in five years the status of the enterprise. The survey found that: (Note 12)
Than five years ago, more full-time librarian corporate libraries less than five people (55% in 1990, while 71% in 1995), but the data are rather substantial increase in budget;
Library, senior manager worth evaluation methods, were: in- house surveys (36%), dealing with the problem of the number of users (25%), no formal way (15%), time savings (10% ), to save money (7%), the quality of information (7%);
Senior manager's attention to the ability of librarians, were:
to explain and answer questions quickly (36%), knowledge of information resources (28%), understanding of the enterprise itself (25%), other (11% );
Senior managers believe that library services are most useful in the enterprise, in order: electronic database search (48%), reference services (22%), new information communication services (11%), current periodicals (10%) I do not know (7%), ILL (2%);
Senior managers believe that the contribution of libraries to the business strategy, were: to provide information for
strategic planning of Reference (32%), to provide the latest research and technical information (31%), without any
contribution (14%), books Museum's mission and business strategy are combined (13%), on new products and new investment in research (11%);
In addition to traditional library services under the company's other services provided by libraries include: comprehensive research data (34%), new information communication services (25%), no (18%), production of corporate communications (13%), education training courses (10%);
Senior managers hope that the future library services and products: online version of the database (53%), research
capacity (14%), Internet capability (12%), no (12%), end-users of training (6%), Business Competitive Information (3%);
Senior managers believe that the current lack of libraries is:
no (29%), electronic services (23%), technical expertise (21%), librarians (14%), corporate knowledge (11%), research skills (2% ).
Can be learned from these two surveys, the company's immediate supervisor library does not fully understand the contents of library work, but in general for electronic information services, expectations are high; I am pleased that thirty percent (29%) of senior manager the ability of library staff fairly sure that they do not lack any important skills; and Liu Cheng above (32% plus 31%) of senior managers believe that by providing appropriate information, the library can be a strategy of enterprises contribute.
(B) the views of professional organizations (Note 13)
In order for Library and Information School, aspiring to enter map data lines (the) school students, serving special librarians, and business owners to understand the twenty-first century librarians in the enterprise value, as well as in the new century required
specialized librarians capability, SLA in 1996 published "Competencies for special librarians of the 21 st century" report. Various studies mentioned in the report show that by the library to provide information to help companies make better decisions, deciding how to enhance
relationships with customers, discover new business opportunities and save time paid staff. In addition, special librarians can provide
the following value-added services to enhance the effective use of enterprise information:
For the information needs of different enterprises, providing customized information services;
Through the evaluation, selection, analysis, organizational process, the enterprise information flow to do the most effective management;
And other information relevant departments to design and selected best meet the needs of users of information systems;
Providing education and training end users and immediate advice to enable them to effective use of available information resources;
The development of enterprise information policy to ensure effective external and internal information integration;
Development and promotion of various information products.
Set up special librarians can provide the services business, after this report further twenty-first century, special librarians, should have the "expertise" and "personal capacity" to cope with the knowledge economy of the knowledge-based enterprises needs.
These may be capacity are listed below:
】 【Expertise
Have expert knowledge of the contents of information resources, including its evaluation and filtering;
Have on the organization and its customers specialized subject knowledge;
Facilitate the development of management, useful, cost- effective and strategic direction and business integration of information services;
Library and information services provide the best guidance and support;
Assessment of the business information needs and can
design, marketing and information products meet the needs of value-added services;
Use of appropriate information technology to collect, organize, disseminate information;
Use the appropriate language of business and management, to senior managers the importance of communication and information services;
The development of personalized information services and information products;
Evaluate the results of the use of information and to solve information management issues related to research;
Continuous improvement of information services, to respond to the changing information needs;
Become part of the management team and served as the enterprise IT-related consulting issues.
】 【Personal capacity
Committed to providing the best service;
Outside the library and museum to accept the challenge, and insight into new opportunities;
To know the general direction;
Seeking partnerships and strategic alliances;
Create an environment of mutual respect and trust;
Have effective communication skills;
In the team got along well with other members;
Leadership;
Planning, priority and focus on important things;
Committed to lifelong learning and personal career planning;
Have good self-management skills, and create new opportunities;
Understanding of professional networks and the value of teamwork;
On a positive attitude towards change, and maintain flexibility.
(C) the views of librarians themselves
Traditionally, gathering the necessary information to help users organize their research is the main task of special librarians.
However, the rise of the Internet since the 1990s, many database vendors to provide services through the Internet, resulting in an increasing number of end-users online searching for their own, not through a specialized library to get information, so the role of special librarians from the structural changes.
IT consultancy firm Phase 5 Consulting Group Inc. In 1998, 6 to 7 months, on the SLA's 1800 U.S. and Canada members to do the related survey found that 30% of the time they spent on research to help readers, while 37% The time spent on file transfer, procurement data
collection, organization information and other administrative work, 28% of the time spent on planning, training and development of new services and other activities. The survey also found that most of the bodies have now set up internal network (Intranet), but special librarians interviewed in one-third said that their work does not involve the transfer of electronic information within the company; in other words, their parent organizations did not contribute to the knowledge management system. Some respondents even thought that the implementation of knowledge management in the
enterprise, the librarian has become more in the company exists.
(14)
The consultant pointed out that the concept of knowledge management in enterprises, the increasing value placed on the special librarian is a crisis, is also a turn for the better. In response to business demand for a substantial increase of knowledge, special librarians should actively contribute to the expertise of its
management information, the future can be transformed into end- user organization consultant, information analyst, education and training commissioner, intranet content management information IT product planners and marketing, etc. role as knowledge
management company of a team essential. Of course, this new role requires new skills, after the data processing specialist librarians in addition to the technology, the more need to have interpersonal communication, coordination, education and training and
management. In addition, to use information technology to improve
the efficiency of knowledge management, knowledge of computers and the Internet is also necessary conditions. (15)
However, in 1999, this IT consultancy firms on the 1900 SLA
members made a similar online survey, found that special librarians in the past year, the application of the time there was no significant change. (Note 16) However, the institutions surveyed had 82%
(previous year's survey, only 53%) through the Intranet to disseminate information, so special librarians the information on the Intranet
content delivery also will increase participation, 42% of respondents said they directly responsible for the content of Intranet information management (the previous year's survey, 37%), while another 27%
said their information on the Intranet content as a consultant role. In addition, many respondents said they are also responsible for the commercial database information directly into the Intranet for other staff in use. (Note 17)
When asked about their role within the next five years, changes in 83% of special librarians that their main task will be to integrate internal and external information, and to Intranet to deliver this information. They also believe that the inherent special librarian skills and training, development and management of enterprise content for the content network is the most suitable candidates.
(18)
Third, knowledge management and information management
Some people believe that information management knowledge management is just a new name, but in fact both in purpose and scope are different, so further study of how map data related activities involved in knowledge management before, there is a need to do first Some conceptual clarification, this section describes knowledge transfer chain, respectively, information management and knowledge management, knowledge management role in the hierarchy, and knowledge workers and knowledge managers in order to get as later in development.
(A) knowledge transfer chain (19)
Knowledge management concern is how to effectively collect, transfer, and use of dispersed internal and external organization of knowledge, but to effectively manage these knowledge, we must first understand the business in the knowledge transfer process (also known as knowledge transfer chain). The purpose is to collect knowledge and use of knowledge by research and development, organizational learning and knowledge transfer of the means to obtain, knowledge transfer also includes the enterprise knowledge sharing and knowledge from the outside world. The two intelligence organization directly contribute to the assets, but also through
support for R & D activities and organizational learning, organization indirectly contribute to the intellectual assets. (See Figure 1)
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of knowledge-transfer chain
Librarians have long been collected for the organization outside of the data; and information systems, archivists, librarians, and public relations personnel within the organization have been recorded on
the company's knowledge management dedication, knowledge transfer process, however, still be regarded as the functional units of individual work, not yet integrated into one, resulting in dispersed organizational knowledge issues. Knowledge management is the solution to this problem, which makes the organization, managers and IT professionals the knowledge transfer as an interlocking process.
(B) of the Information Management and Knowledge Management
With an initial understanding of knowledge management, many librarians feel that knowledge management can be said that an extension of library science, unfortunately, the business community did not think so. (20) Librarians indeed have some management information tools, but the information management and knowledge management in the "purpose" and "scope" on and can not equate.
Marshall that when a person read, understand, interpret, apply information to a particular work, this information was turned into his personal knowledge, that a person's knowledge for others it is just information. (Note 21) and Abram also believe that knowledge exists only in human brain, which in itself can not be managed as any extraction of knowledge from the human brain, and record down the process, have the knowledge and information transformation Cheng Wei. (22), so they claim the object of knowledge management is not
"knowledge itself" but "knowledge transfer chain environment" and
"information." Some scholars believe that "knowledge" is difficult to clarify the operational definition, so make the management of
knowledge management is the "intellectual capital (Intellectual capital)", it includes "information" and "other intangible capital." And
intangible capital can be further subdivided into: market capital (such as brands, licenses, monopoly rights), structure of capital (technology, corporate culture, market and customer database), intellectual property (such as copyright, patents, registered designs, trademarks), human resources (such as employees of talent, skills, expertise, innovation, problem-solving abilities) and other four categories. (23)
From this "information management" does not mean "knowledge management", Knowledge Management is concerned that the development of a mechanism for the enterprise information into knowledge, its management is targeted at personnel, workflow, and information technology, its emphasis the tacit knowledge
management; and information management will focus on explicit knowledge or records of information management. (Note 24) Thus knowledge management Willard further divided into three parts: (25)
Human resources management: the individual's tacit knowledge;
Process management: the hidden knowledge in the work process;
Information management: that is recorded in the explicit knowledge.
(C) the role of the level of knowledge management
Well-known IT consultancy TFPL with the British Government's Library and Information Commission (Library and Information
Commission) in November 1998 to June 1999 among 500 European and American countries have implemented knowledge management related projects (although some are not to "knowledge
management" in the name) of large enterprises to do the depth of investigation and interviews, the study concluded that the role of knowledge management in enterprises can be divided into five levels: (26)
Knowledge Management Strategy Team (initial strategy team) - from the senior enterprise managers, whose assessment of knowledge management in the enterprise's development potential, access to business executive (CEO) of the concept of knowledge management recognition and support;
Knowledge Management Planning Team (planning team) - by the knowledge of chief executive (CKO, but some
companies did not give planning team leader this title), is responsible for planning the content of enterprise knowledge
management programs to other companies Managers and employees of knowledge management concepts and importance;
Knowledge Management Implementation Team
(implementation team) - is the enterprise content knowledge, information infrastructure, organizational culture, business process experts in the areas of full-time team members are usually not too much, it is responsible for the implementation of knowledge management program all the details;
Knowledge management practitioners (KM practitioners) - these people in the enterprise work units and departments, in the knowledge management team to assist the
implementation under the actual development and knowledge management activities, often beyond their original business organization structure and form of knowledge community boundaries;
Knowledge workers (Knowledge workers) - all enterprise employees are knowledge workers, it needs to have
information literacy skills.
(D) knowledge workers and knowledge managers
"Knowledge work" emphasizes the use of professional wisdom and personal knowledge of the outside world in order to produce a product issued by the information content. It is the collection, creation, packaging, or application, and reuse of knowledge work, and is a senior professional or technical personnel to implement, its has a varied and very state properties. Meet the above conditions any of the staff can be called knowledge workers. Conversely, if the work includes a lot of routine events, it was an administrative
worker, so Broadbent think most of the librarians of the work is still not claim to be knowledge workers. (27) I think that although the content of the work the company librarian may not yet be identified as knowledge workers, but with information management skills and experience, to become an important member of the knowledge management team is promising.
Knowledge management can be said that career development company librarians an opportunity in this area focuses on
information literacy and information skills, the importance of that information on the formation of valuable corporate strategy, and by corporate executives in this field strong support, to provide map Information professionals a new career development opportunities.
In the three dimensions of knowledge management (human resources, processes, information management), map data entry point for the most favorable is information management, has always been the essence of their work and not much different, still the collection, organization , communication, information storage media, but need a more systematic way throughout the enterprise distributed information already exists, and to develop a description of the human expertise in business information (or knowledge) system. (28)
4, map data and knowledge management professionals
(A) map information professionals should control their own future
When people face when a major change, according to the attitude of dealing with change can be divided into three kinds of people: 1) conservatives; 2) aggressive persons; 3) reformers, and the library staff is no exception. Traditional conservatives have always
believed that the best, so do not want to make any changes, adhere to all the past Sishou Zhao; radical who think that they should abandon all the old stuff, totally embrace the new trend; the reformers claim to tradition good part of the retained and its application to the new environment, to achieve the best results.
(29) to face the twenty-first century, the era of knowledge economy, companies also face the same librarians choice, if he kept himself confined to the traditional physical space within the library is bound to escape the annexation of other departments or abolition of fate;
but if a decision on the discarded their faith and inherent
professional skills, they may match the other information related to competition in the field of personnel; so I think that only with a map
of available resources professional skill, knowledge-management team to contribute to Director, to be a successful reformer, is the best way of coping.
Figure in the enterprise information services professionals must master their own future and to always pay attention to the
professional business environment and changes in library
information; and willingness to keep self-study, so that others know the enterprise addition to the traditional library management, the map Information professionals can do; should take the initiative to actively participate in the knowledge management related activities, after all, knowledge management is not just organize, manage other people's knowledge of it, more importantly, to use their own
knowledge. (30)
(B) plans funded the contribution of knowledge management professionals
Map data to make good use of existing information management professionals, the following two methods is the first map information professionals to engage in knowledge management activities to enterprise organizations to share knowledge and contribute to circulation.
1. Set up a business knowledge base (Knowledge bases) (31)
Database of knowledge in the form of coding, can achieve faster communication and knowledge. However, the knowledge extracted from the brain, will be the loss of background information, cognitive level, as well as tacit knowledge and other valuable elements, so in the production of Knowledge can take the following remedial
measures:
Adding a description of background information - this information has been used in what circumstances? When those other factors should be considered?
Information provider provide detailed information - for users when necessary, and their direct links;
And individual experts to provide contact of the pipe - if not user satisfaction Knowledge of information through the system can also be a pool, by email or telephone and business links in other experts to obtain;
Users can do on the contents of the knowledge base to respond to - the system can record and compile a knowledge of other people's views and experience;
Display multimedia features to provide the information - some just can not describe the content in text, sound or video can show the way;
Knowledge of the content on the effective organization - such as navigation pages, metadata, knowledge maps,
classification tree.
Of course, the map data of the professional knowledge base should be on planning the architecture and standards, develop a good content of the sample for reference, and to provide information management consulting services; the knowledge base of content knowledge in various fields can have on their own input.
2. Management of Enterprise Knowledge Center (Knowledge center) (Note 32)
Many large U.S. companies reduced or abolished in the 1990s, the company library (room) or data center, but now active in the
establishment of "knowledge," because the knowledge center with economies of scale, higher purchases of discount, saving knowledge workers to find information of the time, knowledge management expertise in one place, to avoid duplication of procurement, as well as personal advantages such as knowledge services. The emerging knowledge services provided by the Centre include:
Identify internal and external important source of knowledge;
Of the collected knowledge for cataloging and indexing for future retrieval can be effectively used;
Maintenance, management, and storage of business intelligence assets;
For the diverse information needs of the enterprise to provide a central service point;
For enterprises to do all kinds of talent and information and referral services;
Provide various consulting services, including sources of information, availability, relevance, quality, and availability.
Although the Knowledge Center can be said that once the expansion of library services, but they stressed that "know-who"
referral services, rather than the traditional file management
functions; In addition, their main task is to "activate" the knowledge transfer business process, rather than to "archive" the Knowledge.
Comprehensive earlier, and we know map data information
management skills of professionals really helpful for the treatment of explicit knowledge, but should also be concerned about the tacit knowledge of the area in which the description of the background information to join Knowledge and provides a variety of mechanisms to promote interpersonal communication, these are dealing with tacit knowledge of the strategy; the same time, map information professionals, library management experience will help the newly established center of knowledge management, but must be
extended vision care from all sources and types of knowledge, but should be business objectives and their work together. (33)
(C) map information professionals in knowledge management, SWOT analysis
Library staff skills and training of both the original very well suited for promoting the company's role as a knowledge organization, but because of its position in the enterprise organizational levels low, usually assigned to information technology companies tend to charge to lead the knowledge management program, coupled with enterprise knowledge workers are generally free to use the
database to make instead of librarians in the knowledge economy are being marginalized. (34)
SWOT is an analytical tool, to provide a systematic way to do environmental scanning (Environmental Scanning), its a Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threatenesses short words, representing the internal environment of the strengths and weaknesses, and external environment opportunities and threats (see Figure 2), when faced with a problem, I can systematically identify these factors in order to develop further measures by the information.
Internal
You weak
Potential Potential External
Figure 2: SWOT analysis diagram
The following is a librarian at the present stage companies want to put knowledge management work of the SWOT analysis,
respectively, of its strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities and threats:
1. Internal strengths (Strengths)
Figure capital professionals emphasize user-oriented service philosophy, and always will be knowledge-sharing as their professional tasks (35);
Figure capital professionals has always been to promote knowledge sharing, acquisition, and is used as the task, it can further affect the organization of sharing behavior (36);
Map Information professionals have always been about how people express their information needs, and people use information (note 37);
Management Information Systems (MIS) often do not have enough manpower, budget, and training to the whole
company to efficiently manage the information, so compared to the library (or data center), its more appropriate role as IT consultants. (38)
2. Within the disadvantaged (Weaknesses)
Library organizations in the enterprise-level structure of a lower status, the influence of small (39);
Figure funded the training of professionals in the traditional emphasis on "information carrier" management, rather than to carefully analyze the "information content", so businesses will underestimate the ability of its organizational knowledge (note 40);
Library and information education emphasizes service-
oriented rather than value-oriented, so people are not good at mapping information to companies that own real contribution to corporate profit goals (41);
Map Information professionals have always recommended a more clumsy self, and therefore dealt with knowledge
management, generally tend to emphasize their technical capacity, and can not focus on the management point of view, but the latter is familiar to senior managers in the field (42);
Longer than many map data management professionals, information, and do not understand their own career planning;
they tend to focus too much on their own expertise, which ignores the purpose of the enterprise to establish a library.
(43)
3. Outer edge, that opportunity (Opportunities)
Knowledge economy era, the value of information and knowledge obtained the attention of top managers;
Knowledge-management team of map data professionals can take limited to the traditional field of Library and Information Science
Continuing Education, and the opportunity taken the library, in the company's other work team potential. (44) (44)
4. External weakness, that threat (Threatenesses)
Other information relevant departments actively involved in knowledge management related activities, such as: file
management and document management, as they and the librarian is to manage the business in various "print" type of information;
market research, strategic planning, Business competition information business, and R & D department employees have gradually developed the ability of information collection and
handling; and Information Technology and Information Management Department staff more actively to the introduction of the new
knowledge management system and structure. (Note 45)
(D) map information professionals should be knowledge- management team
Organization of knowledge, including tacit knowledge of individuals and teams, as well as records of dispersed knowledge, and
knowledge transfer is complex, requiring a systematic way to do knowledge management. This requires extraction, recording, organization and retrieval of knowledge professionals, knowledge management therefore requires the three major areas of expertise from the talent to co-operation: (see Figure 3) (Note 46)
Business (Business domain): including Business Analysts, IT analysts, IT analysts such competition, its role in the creation, collection, use knowledge to achieve organizational business objectives.
Of content areas (Information content domain): including librarians, archivists, database administrators, whose main responsibility is to organize the transfer of knowledge, as well as collect, organize, transfer data, information and knowledge for business people to use.
Information Technology Infrastructure (Information technology infrastructure domain): providing information infrastructure to support knowledge management processes meet organizational needs.
Figure 3: Knowledge management in three main areas of expertise
As of content experts, map data management professionals with the knowledge skills and experience required, can be said to deal with
"record of knowledge," the organization and retrieval expert, is also the organization's interface with external knowledge, is finishing has record of business organization knowledge of key personnel. So while many companies initially plan to promote knowledge
management and did not think to invite librarians to participate, but many find that in fact knowledge management consultant
Knowledge Management team has the map data is very much
needed professional backgrounds, which can play a role, in addition to mentioned before, a knowledge base and business knowledge centers, can also provide practical experience in information management, knowledge resources for business development, responsible for enterprise knowledge audit work to help end-users build information management strategies so. (47)
V. Conclusion
Currently there are many business plans financing for people
engaged in non-traditional areas of employment, map data must be with both professional skills in new ways, into the new job market ambitions. That is a new generation of information professionals should figure into the mainstream job market (ie, library or information center) to be prepared, therefore need to develop knowledge-based organizations in providing information services
required for a variety of skills. (Note 48)
Only in enterprises, service plan information professionals, if
engaged in knowledge management related activities, their visibility in the enterprise and career development have a positive impact.
Webb proposed the plan capital professionals involved in the generation of knowledge management may change as follows:
(Note 49)
Position in the enterprise to upgrade their existing skills more attention;
Introduction, evaluation and supervision of the application of new information technology products;
On personal networks, electronic networks, intranets, and Internet and so on deeper involvement;
A cross-departmental project team one;
Participation in other areas of database research and development;
End-users as the role of education and training;
And other disciplines have more cooperation opportunities;
Opportunity to participate in enterprise-level IT policy planning and decision-making.
Finally, the only company serving librarians and training plan for school funding proposal, expected in the future are interested in a corporate environment, information professionals in the service plan, areas of knowledge management in its place:
Special librarians and knowledge and information should be prepared to work with users, instead of hiding in the library, they should actively be a member of the team work, effort and marketing their own ability, but also to learn the language and colleagues communication company ; specialized library work will be the next director of emphasis in policy development, and employee selection and training, "Library Manager" This name may disappear, and transform into a "Senior Business Manager" or "Senior Information Professional", even " CIO "or" CKO ". Therefore, in order to enhance competitiveness, human capital plan should be to strengthen
business knowledge, management skills, and information technology capabilities. (50)
Enterprise manager's knowledge, "information scientist" (or
"information specialist") than "librarian" of organizational learning or knowledge management more contributions, so to training in
business services, human capital plan, map data schools need to shift the focus from education to the wider scope of the Library and Information Science (note 51); Although some of the United States, Britain, Australia, School of Library and Information skills required for the management of knowledge in curriculum planning, and even some schools have to provide knowledge management of
specialized courses, curriculum planning is important, however, student received in response to their personality, motivation, and employment tend to do first proper screening, training schools also map data knowledge management professionals should pay
attention to directions. (Note 52)
(Acknowledgement: This article is owned by Pylon Professor Chen Xuehua map guide, hereby acknowledgments.)
Explanatory Note Explanatory Note
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With Note 19, page 60.
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