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長方體物件推疊問題之啟發式求解研究 賴志昌、吳泰熙

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長方體物件推疊問題之啟發式求解研究 賴志昌、吳泰熙

E-mail: 9423708@mail.dyu.edu.tw

摘 要

在物流業、食品業及製造業的日常運作中,長方體物件的堆疊作業出現頻繁,例如倉庫內物件的擺放、貨運卡車裝載貨品 等,此等情況屢見不鮮,因此物件緊密的堆疊使其空間能有效利用,將可節省業者不少的空間成本。長方體物件之堆疊問 題在演算求解上屬於難解的NP-Complete 問題,而遺傳基因演算法對於求解NP-Complete的問題有顯著的成效,因而本研 究採用遺傳基因演算法並加入部分之修改。 本研究提出一種應用於長方體物件堆疊問題的協力進化遺傳演算法,在此演算 法中,將長方體物件群組區分為諸多族群,而每個族群各自進行演化再進行合併組合,產生多組堆疊物件擺放順序,再搭 配「下後左角」的邏輯啟發式堆疊法則,求得長方體物件堆疊問題的堆疊演算方式。

關鍵詞 : 長方體、堆疊問題、遺傳基因演算法、協力進化遺傳演算法 目錄

目 錄 封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 iii 中文摘要 iv ABSTRACT v 誌謝 vi 目錄 vii 圖目錄 ix 表目錄 x 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究限制 2 1.4 研究方法與架構 3 第二章 文獻探討 5 2.1 長方體物件與長方體容器 5 2.2 演算法 8 2.3 「下後左角」優先之啟發式堆疊 9 第三章 長方體物件堆疊問題求解 12 3.1 問題定義 12 3.2 遺傳基因演算法 13 3.2.1 協 力進化遺傳演算法 14 3.2.2 編碼 16 3.2.3 染色體數與產生母體數 16 3.2.4 選擇機制 18 3.2.5 交配 19 3.2.6 突變 20 3.2.7 終止 條件 21 3.2.8 遺傳基因演算流程 21 3.3 協力進化遺傳演算法之建立於長方體物件堆疊問題………… 22 第四章 演算結果與 分析 25 4.1 文獻例題簡介 25 4.2 參數設定與實驗數據 26 4.3 執行結果與分析 31 第五章 結論與建議 34 5.1 研究總結 34 5.2 建議 35 參考文獻 36 圖目錄 圖1.1 研究流程圖 4 圖2.1 物件擺放1 10 圖2.2 物件擺放2 11 圖3.1 編碼順序 16 圖3.2 物件子族群 分類 17 圖3.3 物件順序 17 圖3.4 基因合併組合 18 圖3.5 協力進化遺傳演算法 24 圖4.1 CCGA與文獻比較 32 表目錄 表2.1 長 方體物件堆疊問題文獻整理 7 表2.2 演算法文獻整理 8 表3.1 各條件允許的堆疊情形 13 表4.1 測試例題一 27 表4.2 測試例題 二 28 表4.3 測試例題三 29 表4.4 測試例題四 30 表4.5 CCGA與文獻比較結果 33 表4.6 CCGA執行結果 33

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