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服務補救、認知公平對顧客忠誠度關係之研究 = A Study of Service Recovery, Perceived Justice and Customer Loyalty

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服務補救、認知公平對顧客忠誠度關係之研究 = A Study of Service Recovery, Perceived Justice and Customer Loyalty

吳玉雲、曾耀煌

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

量販店經營是服務業的一環,服務補救、認知公平對顧客忠誠度之關係的議題對於強調「以客為尊」的量販店就顯得格外 重要。本研究主要探討顧客到量販店選購商品的過程中經歷服務失誤後,向量販店投訴時的服務補救、認知公平與顧客忠 誠度之關係;並且進一步探討認知公平對於服務補救與顧客忠誠度之關係的中介效果以及探討服務失誤嚴重性對於認知公 平與顧客忠誠度之關係的干擾效果。 本研究透過相關文獻的探討,以台中市家樂福量販店240位消費者為研究對象,透過 結構性問卷的資料蒐集並進行實證性研究分析,來驗證本研究所提出的假說。 研究的結果發現:(1)服務補救對認知公平有 顯著正向的影響;(2)服務補救對與顧客忠誠度有顯著正向的影響;(3)認知公平對顧客忠誠度有顯著正向的影響;(4)認知公 平對於服務補救與顧客忠誠度的中介效果有顯著正向的影響。 本研究最後提出結論和後續研究建議,並對量販店業者提升 優質的服務補救、認知公平,進而提升顧客忠誠度的做法上提出相關建議。

關鍵詞 : 服務補救、認知公平、顧客忠誠度、服務失誤嚴重性 目錄

中文摘要...................... iii 英文摘要......................

iv 誌謝辭 ...................... vi 內容目錄.....................

. vii 表目錄 ...................... ix 圖目錄 ...................

... xi 第一章  緒論................... 1   第一節  研究背景與動機........

.... 1   第二節  研究問題與目的............ 2   第三節  研究流程..........

..... 3 第二章  文獻探討................... 4 第一節  量販店..........

...... 4   第二節  服務補救............... 9   第三節  認知公平........

....... 19   第四節  顧客忠誠度.............. 26 第五節  服務補救、認知公平對顧客 忠誠度相關之研 究.................. 31 第三章  研究方法................

. 38   第一節  研究架構............... 38   第二節  研究假設............

... 39   第三節  變數操作性定義與衡量......... 41   第四節  問卷與抽樣設計.......

..... 43   第五節  統計分析方法............. 47 第四章  研究結果..........

....... 50   第一節  描述性統計分析............ 50   第二節  因素分析......

......... 53   第三節  信度與效度分析............ 59   第四節  相關分析....

........... 61   第五節  迴歸分析................ 61 第六節  討論.....

............. 66 第五章  結論與建議................ 69   第一節  研究結論

............... 69   第二節  管理意涵............... 70   第三節  研究 限制與後續研究建議........ 71 參考文獻...................... 73 附錄A  預試 問卷.................. 85 附錄B  正式問卷.................. 90 表目錄 表 2- 1 年綜合商品零售業營業額和年增率........ 7 表 2- 2 服務補救的定義................

14 表 2- 3 服務補救的構面................ 18 表 2- 4 認知公平的定義..............

.. 22 表 2- 5 認知公平的構面................ 25 表 2- 6 顧客忠誠度的定義...........

.... 27 表 2- 7 顧客忠誠度的構面............... 30 表 2- 8 服務補救、認知公平、對顧客忠誠度關 係之相關研 究..................... 36 表 3- 1 服務補救衡量問項.............

. 41 表 3- 2 認知公平衡量問項.............. 42 表 3- 3 顧客忠誠度衡量問項............

. 43 表 3- 4 服務失誤嚴重性衡量問項........... 43 表 3- 5 T檢定..................

... 46 表 4- 1 問卷回收情形................. 50 表 4- 2 樣本結構分析............

..... 52 表 4- 3 服務補救量表之巴氏檢定與KMO係數....... 53 表 4- 4 服務補救的因素分析......

........ 54 表 4- 5 認知公評量表之巴氏檢定與KMO係數 ...... 54 表 4- 6 認知公平的因素分析....

.......... 55 表 4- 7 顧客忠誠度量表之巴氏檢定與KMO係數...... 56 表 4- 8 顧客忠誠度的因素分析

.............. 56 表 4- 9 服務失誤嚴重性量表之巴氏檢定與KMO係數.... 57 表 4- 10 服務失誤嚴重

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性的因素分析............ 57 表 4- 11 服務補救平均數與標準差敘述性統計分析..... 58 表 4- 12 認知 公平平均數與標準差敘述性統計分析..... 58 表 4- 13 顧客忠誠度平均數與標準差敘述性統計分析.... 59 表 4- 14 服務失誤嚴重性平均數與標準差敘述性統計分析.. 59 表 4- 15 因素構面的信度分析檢定............

60 表 4- 16 Pearson相關分析 ............... 60 表 4- 17 服務補救對認知公平的迴歸分析......

... 62 表 4- 18 服務補救對顧客忠誠度的迴歸分析......... 63 表 4- 19 認知公平對顧客忠誠度的迴歸分析.

........ 63 表 4- 20 認知公平對服務補救與顧客忠誠度的中介效果... 64 表 4- 21 服務失誤嚴重性對認知公平 與顧客忠誠度之間的干. 擾效果.................... 65 表 4- 22 假設總整理........

.......... 66 圖目錄 圖 1-1 研究流程................... 3 圖 3-1 研究架構....

................ 38 圖 3-2 測驗發展的基本流程.............. 44 參考文獻

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