第六章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
國
立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
第二節 建議
一、 對華語教師培訓單位之建議
初任教師的困擾主要來自經驗的缺乏,雖然很多教學技巧是從試誤中學習,
但培訓單位能幫助教師減少這些挫折。除了理論性的知識之外,受訪者提到 課堂觀摩是個很好的協助,藉由觀察實際上課情形,除了可以參考資深教師 的教學技巧外,觀察者對於課堂的想像也能夠更為實際。另外,兩位受訪者 也提到教學實習課非常有幫助,培訓單位可以請資深教師分享如何編寫教案,
並且提供實際教學場域,可讓教師在上任之前先熟悉教學時可能會發生的狀 況,減低進入教學現場之後的焦慮。
二、 對華語教學相關單位之建議
兩位研究參與者都提到,由於學生是語言中心的收費來源,因此語言中心有 時會過度以學生為主,而忽略了教師。但學生來來去去,教師才是語言中心 長久的資產,有能力的教師可以吸引更多的學生。因此語言中心和老師的關 係應該更親密一些,給予教師最大的支持。官方的支持可能不是一朝一夕就 能改變,但是可以從小單位開始做起。
三、 對未來研究之建議
(一)資料蒐集方法方面
本研究主要的資料來源是透過訪談,蒐集受訪者回溯式的敘說,難免 會有一些細微的關鍵點遺漏掉。未來可以增加進到班級內的觀察,記 錄當下事件的發生以及教師的因應方式,或請初任教師書寫教學日誌 等方法,可以對初任教師的經歷有更全面的了解。
(二)研究對象方面
101
‧ 國
立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
本研究中的受訪者都還在就職中,遇到困擾的時候都努力因應,可以 說是正在適應中或者已成功適應下來,而也有另外一些初任教師是因 為無法適應而離開教學職場,可加入這些教師的因應歷程做一對比。
另外,本研究對象僅取在台灣的同一語言中心任教的華語教師,未來 可增加訪談對象,包括在不同地方任教的老師,甚至是在海外的華語 教師。
102
‧
‧
陳美玉(民87)。經驗權威與師資生學習之研究。研習資訊雙月刊。15,3,40-55
104
‧
‧
Bartell, C. A., (2005). Cultivating high-quality teaching through induction and
mentoring. Los Angeles, CA: Corwin Press.
Berliner, D. C. (1988). The development of expertise in pedagogy. New Orleans:
American Association of College for Teacher Education.
Brock, B. L., & Grady, M. L. (1996). Beginning teacher induction programs. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED399631).
Brock, B. L., & Grady, M. L. (2007). From first-year to first-rate: Principals guiding
beginning teacher (3
rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Burden, P. R.(1980). Implication of teacher career development: New roles for
teacher, administrators, and professor. Slippery Rock, PA: The National Summer
Workshop of the Association of Teacher Educators (ERIC DocumentReproduction Service NO. ED223609).
Chen, Y.F. & Hsin, S.C. (2010). The Development of TCSL Teacher Training in Taiwan.
In Linda Stung & Ken Cruickshank (eds). Teaching and Learning Chinese in Global
Contexts. London: Continuum, P. 165-180.
Cho, J., & Trent, A.(2006)Validity in qualitative research revisited. Qualitative
Research 6(3), 319-340.
Ellis, C.(2004)The ethnographic: A methodological novel about authoethnography.
106
‧
Estes, G. D. (1990). Assessment component of the California New Teacher Project:
First year report. Washington, DC : Office of Education
Fessler, R., & Christensen, J. C. (1992). The teacher career cycle : Understanding and
guiding the professional development of teacher. Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
Gall, Meredith. D., Gall, Joyce. P., Borg, Walter. R.(2007). Educational research: an
introduction (8
th ed), 446-487. U.S.A: Pearson.Fuller, F. (1969). Concerns of teachers: A developmental conceptualization,
American Educational Research Journal, 6(2), 207-226.
Huberman, M.(1989). The professional life cycle of teachers. Teachers college
Record, 91(1),31-57.
Lee, S. Y. (李星瑩)(2013). Developing Professional Identity as an English Language Teacher in Formal and Informal Professional Development Contexts: A Narrative
Inquiry. Master’s Thesis. National Chengchi University.
Li, J.(2012)Cultural Foundations of Learning: East and West. Cambridge.
Lortie, D.(1975). Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study. London: University of Chicago Press.
Newman, K. K. (1980). Helping teacher examine their long-rang development.
Teacher Educator, 15(4), 7-14.
Olsen, B.(2010). Teaching for success: Developing your teacher identity in today’s
classroom. Boulder, London, CO: Paradigm.
Pillen, M., Beijaard, D. & den Brok, P. (2013). Tension in beginning teachers’
professional identity development, accompanying feelings and coping strategies.
European Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 36, No.3, p.240-260.
Reynolds, A.(1992). What is competent beginning teaching? A review of the literature.
Review of Educational Research, 62(1),1-35.
107
‧ 國
立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
Sandefur, J. T. (1982). What happens to the teacher during induction? (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 251 444).
Slavin, L. A., Rainer, K. L., McCreary, M. L., & Gowda, K. K. (1991). Toward a multicultural model of the stress process. Journal of counseling and
development, 70(1), 157-163.
Veenman, S. (1984). Perceived problem of beginning teacher. Review of Educational
Research, 54(2), 143-178.
Wu, Y. H. (吳怡萱)(2013). Taking the Very First Overseas Study Trip: A Case Study
on a Junior High EFL Learner’s Identity Change and Challenges. Master’s Thesis.
National Chengchi University.
108