• 沒有找到結果。

第六章 結論與建議

第二節 建 議

一、本研究未取得充足之歷史資料,希冀相關研究能加以探討利率因素之影響:研 究對象壽險業者經營房貸業務長達 20~30 年,隨時間遞嬗,關於借款人資料的徵提(例 如個人、家庭所得、扶養親屬等)、徵授信相關規範(例如信用評分方法、標準)以及擔保 品鑑價準則等都不斷強化、精進,由於難以區分前後資料之差異,採用長時間資料進行 分析時早期資料即因缺漏或不一致而無法採用,此亦為部分違約因素無法進行量化統計 分析之缺憾。

過去 Capozza et al. (1997)證實利率最大波動是違約的正面顯著因素;Ambrose and Capone (2000)發現放款餘額市場利率折現值與契約利率折現值比率對違約有顯著的關 聯;而 Agarwal et al. (2006)實證結果顯示違約行為容易伴隨著目前抵押放款利率相對於 原始契約利率下降而發生。然而研究對象壽險業者房貸產品採用的指標利率有中華郵政 指標利率、定儲指標利率(採用十家銀行一年期定存利率取樣結果)及保單分紅利率等,

本研究未取得充足之歷史資料,因此僅能採用中央銀行基準放款利率進行研究,希冀未 來相關研究能加以探討房貸契約利率差異或變化對違約之影響。

二、建議壽險業者可依六都與非六都或各擔保品分區違約因素差異,徵提不同之信 用證明文件:如前所述,區別六都與非六都或各擔保品分區進行量化統計時,違約因素 即有顯著差異,建議研究對象之壽險業者在六都與非六都或不同擔保品分區間,考量借

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款屬性、借款人特徵、觸發事件、擔保品因素及總體經濟條件等違約因素之差異,於招 攬、徵信、審查、貸放等放款程序採取不同之標準,過去 Eriksen et al. (2013)研究發現 申貸時提供較少收入證明文件者違約可能性較高,各金融機構房貸業務基於作業成本、

客戶屬性以及信用風險等綜合考量,對於客戶資料的要求不盡相同,建議可區分六都與 非六都或各擔保品分區,依信用風險高低要求不同之信用證明文件,除可提升作業效率,

並可合理管控信用風險。

三、累積 GFICO 信用評分歷史資料後,重新檢視實證結果差異:IFRS 9 允許各金 融機構自訂評估項目,各金融機構係依其既有資料建構違約評估項目,任何新增的違約 評估項目都須累積相當時間的歷史資料始能採用,由於研究對象累積 GFICO 信用評分 資料較短,而本研究亦無法取得過去信用評分轉換的標準,因此本研究未採用 GFICO 等信用評分資料進行研究,建議研究對象壽險業者可在累積 GFICO 信用評分歷史資料 後,調整違約因素並重新檢視模型實證結果之差異。

四、增加保戶(保險契約)相關變數,以降低錯誤率並完善預測模型:違約機率的計 算為備抵呆帳計算的必要作業,而採用 Logit 模型計算違約機率亦為本研究的主要考量 之一,本研究實證結果整體預測準確率為 77.1%,而六都與非六都的預測準確率分別為 75.5%與 76.2%,各擔保品分區預測準確率約 74%~ 77.6%。但以分割點進行模型預測能 力分析結果,正確性雖高達 96.6%以上,型二錯誤亦僅 3.3%,但型一錯誤高達 40%~60.4%,

為避免壽險業者高估放款備抵呆帳,造成資金運用的無效率或喪失可能的房貸客戶及利 息收入,建議未來相關研究增加保戶(保險契約)相關變數,以降低整體錯誤率並建構更 完善的預測模型。

五、採用 IFRS 9 銀行公會方案進行研究,並同時採用結案及未結案案件進行存活 分析:銀行公會為因應 IFRS 9 的實施已委託大型會計事務所進行相關規劃,由於各金 融機構仍在試算階段,規劃方案亦未經主管機關核備,因此本研究仍採用現行財務會計 準則公報第 34 號之違約定義進行研究,期望日後相關研究能採用 IFRS 9 銀行公會建議 方案進行實證分析。而本研究為避免低估違約機率,採用已結案案件探討違約因素,建

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議未來可同時採用結案及未結案案件進行存活分析研究,以了解房貸客戶違約後回復正 常繳款、再融資、出售資產或者喪失抵押品贖回權等狀態。

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三、網際網路

(最後造訪日期均為 2016.12.03)

中華民國統計資訊網:https://www.stat.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=4

中央銀行統計資訊網:http://www.pxweb.cbc.gov.tw/dialog/statfile9.asp 中華民國人壽保險商業同業公會:http://www.lia-roc.org.tw/

立法院法律系統:http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lglawc/lglawkm 全國法規資料庫:http://law.moj.gov.tw/

金融監督管理委員會銀行局:http://www.banking.gov.tw/ch/

金融監督管理委員會保險局:http://www.ib.gov.tw/ch/

金融監督管理委員會證券期貨局:http://www.sfb.gov.tw/ch/index.jsp

財團法人保險事業發展中心:http://www.tii.org.tw/opencms/actuarial/actuarial1/

財團法人會計研究發展基金會:http://www.ardf.org.tw/ardf.html 國家發展委員會景氣指標查詢系統:http://index.ndc.gov.tw/n/zh_tw

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