• 沒有找到結果。

第六章 結論與建議

第二節 建議

一、

對健康保險局的建議:

試辦計畫在健保局各個分局也都正在逐步試辦中,健保局可以參考本研究之 數據,再綜合其他分局之試辦數據判斷,若其他各分局試辦之結果都有類似提升 醫療品質之成效,應可將試辦制度推廣至全面實施。健保局因尚未將懷孕性糖尿 病列入產前檢查的項目,大都數的醫療院所都不敢做懷孕性糖尿病篩檢,以致於 大都數懷孕性糖尿病人都未被診斷,也容易造成新生兒之併發症。為了國人的健 康和醫療服務品質,建議將懷孕性糖尿病列入例行產前檢查項目。

二、

對後續研究者的建議:

本研究因時程的關係無法由國家衛生院得到研究所需資料,只能依國民健康 局出生通報之內容做研究。健保局之資料送到國家衛生院之時程大約要一年後才 提供申請使用,不適合本研究但對於給付金額的部分僅止於依支付標準來估算,

若可以再向國家衛生院或健保局申請給付金額資料,則對於經費的部分將更精 確。門診的部分資料是本研究所缺少,門診費用和門診使用次數頻率,產檢利用 率均值得進一步研究探討。試辦計畫有降低剖腹產率的效果。但降低剖腹產率的 程度是否隨著試辦期間長短而改變。本研究雖有出現隨試辦期間的加長而剖腹產 率差變大的情形,但因只有試辦九個月,解釋程度不夠,難以下定論。後續研究 者可能因試辦期加長後得知,試辦效果是否更佳,降低剖腹產率差是否更明顯。

三、

對國民健康局的建議:

研究者對於國民健康局全力支持本研究,熱心提供資料,免費針對研究需要

設計程式,改正資料,儘最快速度將電腦資料寄來,全心全力協助致萬分感謝之 意。目前電腦設計有資料不全或不正確不予受理的電腦除錯設計。建議在一旦填 入生產方式代碼為初次剖腹產時,一律要填入產程或產時之併發症代碼,否則不 予受理,電腦自動除錯。目前尚未有如此設計,以致於許多初次剖腹產案件,都 未填列剖腹產原因,造成研判之困難。

四、 對醫療提供者的建議:

醫療院所尤其是診所在通報上有時並沒有將剖腹產的原因上傳,影響到通報 之準確性和詳實性。門診時之診斷,若非剖腹產之主因時,則大多未列入通報的 項目,如門診診斷之糖尿病,高血壓,或其他孕程之併發症應該都要列入通報的 範圍。至於懷孕性糖尿病之篩檢,目前有很多家醫療院所雖沒有健保給付,仍是 鼓勵孕婦做篩檢,為了醫療照顧之品質,理論上所有的孕婦都應該接受該項篩檢 的檢查,以免造成新生兒之併發症。

參考文獻

丁芳(1995)。耐糖不良與妊娠糖尿病孕婦與新生兒週產期併發症之研究。國立陽 明醫學大學,未出版碩士論文

古智愷(2002)醫師與醫院管理者對剖腹產管理指標認知、態度與行為之研究。

未出版碩士論文

江東亮 (2000)。談全民健保制度下的三個矛盾。全民健康保險,第 11 期,4-5 頁。

李玉春 (1996)。健康保險支付制度。健康保險,楊志良(編),巨流圖書公司,

67-110 頁

李隆生 (2000)全民健保改制-HMO 是答案嗎? 醫院 3(6),33-39

健保局北區分局(2003)北區分局週產期前瞻性支付制度試辦計畫之監測指標

健保局高屏分局(2003)高屏分局週產期前瞻性支付計畫

莊世杰 (2002)論病例計酬對醫師診療行為之影響-以某區域教學醫院鼻中隔鼻 道成形術為例。義守大學管理科學研究所,未出版碩士論文

莊逸洲、黃崇哲(2000)。組織經營。經營理念,第一版(18-46 頁)。台北:華杏。

郭信智 楊志良(1994)。醫師目標收入理論之試證。中華公共衛生雜誌13:2 149-155 頁

陳先煒(2003)週產期前瞻性支付制度”試辦計劃對孕產婦醫療照護品質與醫師 行為之影響。長庚大學醫務管理研究所,未出版碩士論文。

楊志良(1998)。健康保險: 健康保險,楊志良(編),第三版,台北: 巨流圖書。

6-19 頁

楊昱琦(2001)。醫院服務支付制度對住院醫療費用之影響。逢甲大學保險學系未 出版碩士論文

雷文玫 (2001)美國老年國民健康保險「健康維護組織」法制改革之研究-尋繹 對於我國全民健康保險法制改革之啟示。中原財經法學 7:107-158 頁

劉見祥 (1999)。全民健保支付之趨勢。醫院,第 32 卷,第 6 期,15-20 頁

衛生署 (2002)。衛生署/相關資料/婦女相關統計

衛生署(2002)。衛生署/相關統計/生命統計/91/05.XLS

衛生署(2002)全民健康保險孕婦產前檢查申報報案件

衛生署(2002)統計資料/衛生統計年報/91/2 衛生指標/表 10.xls

鄭丞傑(2000)婦產科醫師與助產士的分與合 醫望雜誌30 卷, 88-91 頁

賴美淑 (2000)。讓全民健保的明天更美好。全民健康保險。第 11 期 1 頁

韓揆(1997)。公共衛生學:醫院的功能組織與管理,陳拱北預防醫學基金會編,

修訂二版,台北:巨流圖書,254-258 頁

羅紀瓊 (1998)。健康保險:健康保險財務制度,楊志良(編),第三版。台北: 巨 流圖書。40-48 頁

Reference:

Bailey, J.E., Van, Brunt, D. L. Mirvis, D. M.,(1999) Academic Managed Care Organization and Adverse Selection Under Medicaid Managed Care in Tennessee.

JAMA, 282: 1067-1075

Baumol, W.J. (1988)Monograph: Price Controls for Medical Services and the Medical Needs of the Nation’s Elderly. Chicago; American Medical Association.

Connecticut medicine Aug; 52 (8), 485-94

Berwick, D.M. (1996)Payment by Capitation and the Quality of Care. N ENGL J MED, 335; 1227-1231

Carey, T.S., Weis, K, Homer, C. (1990) Prepaid versus traditional Medicaid plans:

effects on preventive health care. J Clin Epidemiol;43:1213-20

Carey, T.S., Weis, K.(1990) Diagnostic testing and return visits for acute problems in prepaid, case-managed Medicaid plans compared with fee-for-service. Arch Intern Med;150:2369-72.

Carey, T.S.., Weis, K. Homer, C. (1991)Prepaid Versus Traditional Medicaid Plan:

Lack of Effect on Pregnancy Outcomes and Prenatal Care. Health Serv Res 26: 165

-81

Carla, F.(2003). Caesarean section rates skyrocket in Brazil. The lancet.362, 628 Carlisle, DM, Siu, AL, Keeler, EB, (1992) HMO vs fee-for-service care of older

persons with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Public Health;82:1626-30

Clement, D.G., Retchin S.M., Brown, R.S., Stegall M.H.,(1994) Access and outcomes of elderly patients enrolled in managed care. JAMA;271:1487-92. JAMA;272:276 Cunningham, F.G. (2001)Williams Obstetrics. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Danel, I, Johnson, C., Berg, C., Flowers, L., Atrash, H.(1997) Length of maternal hospital stay for uncomplicated deliveries, 1988-1995: the impact of maternal and hospital characteristics. Matern Child Health J;1:237-42

Feldman, R., Sloan, F. (1988)Competition among Physician, revisited? Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 13: 2, 239-261

Fetus and Newborn Committee.(1996) Policy statement: early discharge and length of stay for term birth: a joint policy statement by the Canadian Paediatric Society and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Journal of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada;18:1281-5

Flamm, B.L., Goings, J.R., Yunbao, L.(1994) Elective repeat cesarean delivery versus trial of labor: A prospective multicenter study. Obstet Gynecol; 83:927-932

Flamm, B.L., Geiger, A.M. (1997)Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: An admission scoring system. Obstet Gynecol, 90: 907-912

Freund, D.A., Rossiter, L.F., Fox, P.D., . ( 1989 ) Evaluation of the Medicaid Competition Demonstrations. Health Care Financ Rev;11(2):81- 97

Glazener, C.M.A., Abdalla, M, Stroud P., Naji, S., Templeton A, Russell I.T.(1995)

Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment. Br J Obstet Gynaecol;102:282-7.

Goldenberg, R.L., Rouse, D.J. (1998)Prevention of premature birth. New England Journal of Medicine. 339(5):313-20

Government Printing Office (1993) General Accounting Office. Medicaid: states turn to managed care to improve access and control costs. Washington, D.C.

GAO/HRD-93-46.

Government Printing Office(1988)General Accounting Office. Medicare: physician incentive payments by prepaid health plans could lower quality of care. Washington, D.C.GAO/HRD-89-29

Government Printing Office(1996). General Accounting Office. Medicare HMOs: rapid enrollment growth concentrated in selected states. Washington, D.C GAO/HEHS-96-63.

Greenfield, S., Rogers, W., Mangotich, M., Carney, M.F., Tarlov, A.R.(1995)

Outcomes of patients with hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

treated by different systems and specialties: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA;274:1436-44

Grimes, D.A.(1994) The morbidity and mortality of pregnancy: still risky business.

Am J Obstet Gynecol;170:1489-94.

Hall, M.H., Carr-Hill, R. (1982) Impact of sex ratio on onset and management of labour.

BMJ 285:401-3

Harlow, BL., Frigoletto, F.D., Cramer, D.W., Evans, J.K., Bain, R.P., Ewigman, B.

McNellis, D. ( 1995) Epidemiologic predictors of cesarean section in nulliparous patients at low risk. Routine Antenatal Diagnostic Imaging with Ultrasound Study.

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 172(1 Pt 1):156-62

Health Care Financing Administration. (1996)1996b. Medicare and Medicaid statistical supplement,. Pub. No. 03386. Baltimore, MD: Department of Health and Human Services.

Health Insurance Institute (1969) Modern health insurance New York.

Hillman, A.L., Pauly, M.V., Kerstein, J.J.(1989) How do financial incentives affect physicians' clinical decisions and the financial performance of health maintenance organizations? N Engl J Med;321:86-92

Hillman, A.L., Pauly, M.V., Kerstein, J.J.(1989) Prepaid versus traditional Medicaid plans: lack of effect on pregnancy outcomes and prenatal care. Health Serv Res;26:165-81

Hohlen, M.M., Manheim, L.M., Fleming, G.V. (1990) Access to office-based physicians under capitation reimbursement and Medicaid case management:

findings from the Children's Medicaid Program. Med Care;28:59-68.

Hsiao, W.C.(1995)Medical savings accounts: Lessons from Singapore. Health Affairs 14, (2): 260-266

Hsieh, C.C., Hsieh, T.T., Soong, Y.K.(1990)Prevalence of cesarean section in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 1984-1989. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi.

13(4):282-9.

King, H.(1998)Epidemiology of glucose intolerance and gestational diabetes in women of childbearing age. Diabetes Care. 21 Suppl 2:B9-13

Ko, Y.L., Wu, Y.C., Chang, P.C. (2002) Physical and social predictors for pre-term and low birth weight infants in Taiwan. JNR, 10:83-9

Koch, A.L.(1993) Financing health services. In Introduction to Health Services. 4th eds.

S.J. Williams and P. R. Torrens, 299-331. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers.

Krieger, J., Connell, F., Logerfo, J. (1992)Medicaid Prenatal Care: A Comparison of Use and Outcomes in Fee-for Service and Managed Care. Am J Public Health. 82:

185-90

Leaf, A. (1984)The doctor’s dilemma and society’s too. N Engl J Med 310: 718-21 Leape, L.L., Park, R.E., Solomon, D.H. (1990)Does inappropriate use explain

small-area variations in the use of health care services? JAMA 263:669-72

Leung, A.S., Leung, E.K., Paul, R.H.(1993) Uterine rupture after previous cesarean delivery: Maternal and fetal consequences. Am Obstet Gynecol;169:945-950

Liu, S., Heaman, M. K., Michael, S. D., Kitaw, W. S., Wu, M. S.(2002 )Length of hospital stay, obstetric conditions at childbirth, and maternal readmission: A population-based cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 187(3) 681-687

Lurie, N., Christianson, J., Finch, M., Moscovice, I.(1994) The effects of capitation on health and functional status of the Medicaid elderly: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med;120:506-11

Lydon-Rochelle, M, Holt, V.L., Martin, D.P., Easterling ,T.R.(2000)Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalization. JAMA;283:2411-6.

Malkin, J.D. (2001) Not As much As You Think: Toward a True Estimate of the Difference in Direct Medical Costs Between Vaginal and Cesarean Deliveries.

British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 108(2), 149-157

McClellan, M.,D. Kessler. (1999) A global analysis of technological change in health

care: The case of heart attacks. Health Affairs 18 (3): 250-257

McMahon, M.J. (1998)Vaginal birth after cesarean. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 41(2); 369-381

Meikle, S.F., Lyons, E., Hulac, P., Orleans, M.(1998)Rehospitalizations and outpatient contacts of mothers and neonates after hospital discharge after vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol;179:166-71.

Miller, R.H., Luft, H.S. (1980)Managed care plan performance since: a literature analysis. JAMA 1994;271:1512-9

Ming, T.S. (2001)The Long-Term of Medicaid Managed Care on Obstetric Care in Three California Counties. Health Serv Res August.

Morita, N., Matsushima, N., Ogata, N., Saeki, K., Ishibashi, M., Komukai, H., Matsuda, R., Kurumatani, N. (2002) Nationwide description of live Japanese births by day of the week, hour, and location. Journal of epidemiology 12 (4), 330-5

Morrisey, M.A., Alexander, J., Burns, L.R. (1999)The effect of managed care on physician and clinical integration. Med Care 37: 350-361

Murray, J.P., Greenfield, S., Kaplan, S.H., Yano, E.M. (1992)Ambulatory testing for capitation and fee-for-service patients in the same practice setting: relationship to outcomes. Med Care;30:252-61

Nadler, E.S., Sims, S., Tyrance, P.H. (1999)Does a year make a difference? Changes in physician satisfaction and perception in an increasingly capitated enviroment. Am J Med 107: 38-44

National Vital Statistic Reports,(2001) Births: Final Data for 1999; Volume 49, Number 1 April

National Vital Statistic Reports,(2003) Births: Preliminary Data for 2002 . Volume 51, Number 11

National Vital Statistic Reports,(2003) Births: Preliminary Data for 2002 . Volume 51, Number 2

Oleske, D.M., Linn, E.S., Nachman, K.L., Marde, M.S., Thompson L.D.(1998)

Cesarean and VBAC Delivery Rates in Medicaid Managed Care, Medicaid Fee-for-Service, and Private Managed Care BIRTH 25:2 .125-127

Oleske, D.M., Branca, M.L., Schmidt, J.B. (1998)A Comparison of Capitated and Fee-for-Service Medicaid Reimbursement Methods on Pregnancy Outcome. Health Serv Res, 33, 55-73

Phelan, J.P.(1996) VBAC: Time to reconsider? OBG Management; 11:62-68

Ransom, S.B. (1996) The Effect of Capital and Fee-For-Service Remuneration on Physician Decision Making in Gynecology? Obstetric Gynecology 87-5, 707-

710

Ray, W.A., Gigante, J., Mitchel, E.F. ( 1998 ) Perinatal Outcomes Following Implementation of TennCare. JAMA, 279; 314-315

Retchin, S.M., Brow, B.(1990) The quality of ambulatory care in Medicare health maintenance organizations. Am J Public Health;80:411-5

Retchin, S.M., Brown, B.(1991) Elderly patients with congestive heart failure under prepaid care. Am J Med; 90:236-42

Retchin, S.M., Brown, B.(1990) Management of colorectal cancer in Medicare health maintenance organizations. J Gen Intern Med; 5:110-4

Retchin, S.M., Clement, D.G., Rossiter, L.F., Brown, B., Brown, R., Nelson, L.(1992)

How the elderly fare in HMOs: outcomes from the Medicare Competition Demonstrations. Health Serv Res; 27:651-69

Rice, T.H., Labelle, R.J. (1989). Do physicians induce demand for medical services?

Journal of Health Policies, Policy and Law 14, no. 3: 587-600

Rose, VL.(1999)ACOG urges a cautious approach to vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. American Family Physician 60(4): 1245-6

Schlenker, R.E. (1986). Case mix reimbursement for nursing homes. Journal of Health Politics. Policy and Law 11, no. 3: 445

Scott, J.R.(1991) Mandatory trial of labor after cesarean delivery: An alternative

Shortell, S.M., Gillies, R.R., Anderson, A.D. (1994)New world of managed care:

Creating organized delivery system. Health Aff 13: 46-64

Somers,A.R., Somers, H.M. (1977). Health and health care: Policies in perspective.

Germantown, MD: Aspen Systems.

Sussman, A.J., Barbieri, R., Brennan, T. A. (2000) Global Capitation at a Women’s Health Referral Center: The Challenge of Patient Selection, Clinical Commentary.

96: 1018-1022

Thilo, E.H., Townsend, S.F., Merenstein, G.B.(1998)The history of policy and practice related to the perinatal hospital stay. Clin Perinatol;2:257-70

Tsai, Y.W., Hu, T.W.(2002)National Health Insurance, Physician Financial Incentives, and Primary Cesarean Deliveries in Taiwan . American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 92, Issue 9, 1514-1519

US department of health and Human Services,(2000) Public health service. Healthy People 2010: Objectives for Improving Health. Washington, DC: Author,

Ward, R.A. (1987)HMO Satisfaction and Understanding Among Recent Medicare Enrollees. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 28: 401-402

Wen, S.W., Liu, S., Marcoux, S., Fowler, D.(1998)Trends and variations in length of hospital stay for childbirth in Canada. CMAJ;158:875-80.

Williams, S.J.(1995). Essentials of services. Albany NY: Delmar Publishers.

World health organization (1985) Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet:2,436-

437

高屏地區「全民健康保險週產期前瞻性支付制度」

推動期(91.11-91.11)

系統(IDS,Integrated Delivery System),提

供懷孕 10 週至產後 1 週之週產期相關門、住診

1、醫療費用申報以五個階段(確定懷孕至懷孕 12

(3)訂定週產期孕產婦醫療健康手冊

(4)計畫執行監督、考核、訂定品質監控指標

(5)計畫推動之協調和建議 七、評鑑小組之組織及權責

(一)評鑑小組之組職:由健保局委託專家學者組成

(二)評鑑小組之權責:定期評估簽約合作院 所之實施成效(包括成本效益及醫療品質評估)

陸、計畫執行及分工

(一) 由中央健康保險局委請計劃執行中心,其職責如 下:

1、完成醫療院所垂直及水平整合性照護服務模式,

並負教育訓練之義務

2、成立計畫執行中心執行試辦計畫並推動整合式照 護:

(1)建立整合式照護模式、作業流程

(2)製作試辦計畫孕產婦手冊

(3)建立登錄制度,以確保孕產婦獲得整體性醫療 照護

(4)定期提出計畫執行報告

(二) 計畫評估

由中央健康保險局委託專家學者進行評估事宜,其

職責如下;

1、對工作計劃執行做定期評估 2、接受本試辦計畫相關事宜諮詢 3、評估實施成效

(三) 中央健康保險局

1、試辦計畫陳報行政院衛生署 2、各階段支付費用之試算及訂定

3、受理參與試辦計畫醫療機構申請加入作業

4、整合性照護系統實施成效評估

資料來源:健保局高屏分局整合性照護計畫

個別參與週產期試辦醫院

名稱 (公司) 編號 郵遞區號 地址

財團法人天主教聖功醫院 1202080010 802 高雄市苓雅區民主里建國一路352號

健新醫院 1502070118 801 高雄市前金區七賢二路295號

建佑醫院 1542050056 832 高雄縣林園鄉王公村東林西路360號

輔英科技大學附設醫院 1343030018 928 屏東縣東港鎮興台里中山路5號 行政院衛生署澎湖醫院 0144010015 880 澎湖縣馬公市啟明里中正路10號 高雄醫學大學附設中和紀念醫院 1302050014 807 高雄市三民區安生里十全一路100號

德謙醫院 1502050045 807 高雄市三民區九如二路18號

寶建醫院 1543010145 900 屏東縣屏東市空翔里中山路123號,119號

優生婦產科醫院 1543010172 900 屏東縣屏東市華山里瑞光路三段103號

安和醫院 1543010207 900 屏東縣屏東市自由路598號

安和醫院 1543010207 900 屏東縣屏東市自由路598號