• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論

第三節 建議

一、對廣告公司管理者之建議

綜觀國內以傳播相關產業為例的研究,較少針對廣告從業人員或是廣告公司 組織文化來進行研究,而本研究不僅在於應用組織傳播學詮釋取徑的觀點,探討 國家文化對於組織文化的影響之外,也因為所選取的研究樣本為廣告公司,因此 從研究發現中亦可了解到廣告產業文化的生態,以及廣告從業人員的工作特性與 心得,進而豐富廣告產業此一領域的研究。從廣告產業文化中發現,A、B 兩家 公司共同的組織文化特徵為重視人力資源、無明顯階級關係以及人員流動率高,

前兩項特質對廣告工作而言有著頗大的助力,藉由教育訓練提升員工的素質,使 其能為客戶提供更佳的服務,進而讓公司增加競爭優勢,而階級關係不明顯則能 讓公司中每位成員的溝通互動更加順暢。

然而人員流動率高此一常被廣告從業人員認為理所當然的現象,多少會造成 組織成員或公司的困擾,一方面是屬於後勤與幕僚的人員必須常常適應變動的人 事,另一方面是公司投入高成本的教育訓練,流動率高也代表著人力資源的損 失,因此廣告公司為了留住人才,必須正視員工主動離職的原因。因此本研究建 議除了公司需提供良好的工作環境、員工福利以及企業願景降低人員的流動率之 外,若是服務的客戶體質因素而造成人員的流動,則要以加強教育廣告客戶、與 廣告客戶達成合作默契的方式來讓廣告從業人員能更順利的發揮專業能力。雖然 美商 B 公司對於員工福利、教育訓練甚至教育客戶教育上都有高度的重視,但 是業務與創意人員由於工作壓力大以及創意瓶頸等因素,仍具有高流動率的情 形,此時公司強求員工繼續留任也是不可能的,因此在失去人才後,應積極思考 如何再吸引好的人才進來。

關於強勢文化的特質,在於擁有文化的優越性與凝聚力,塑造具有強烈文化 風格的組織,成員與成員之間也能從中清晰的體認到組織價值觀。由研究發現

中,美商 B 公司在這方面有明顯達成,但相對的,本土的 A 公司,同樣與 B 公 司都是屬於整合傳播集團一員,有著豐富的資源可以強化組織風格,讓成員擁有 更佳的工作環境,因此本研究建議,A 公司管理經營者除了藉由一些正式儀式,

亦可多精心策劃其他社交情感式的儀式活動,讓組織的價值精神從中應運而生,

更經由成員間的傳播互動,加強並且明白組織真正的目標與特質。

一、未來研究建議

如本章第二節談及關於本研究在研究方法上的一些限制,因此建議後續研究 者在研究組織文化時,能以組織諮詢顧問者或實習的角色,讓受訪者能主動而非 僅是被動的回答資訊,如 Schein(1992)所提倡的組織文化臨床研究模式,其特 徵就是在於組織成員能自發性的提供資料,研究人員的正式角色為諮商者或顧 問,藉由研究者主動介入組織中來了解組織中的信念價值與共有的基本假設。而 進入公司實習的身分也能由單純深度訪談中的研究者與研究對象間的關係,轉變 為局內人的角度,雖然該組織成員對待實習者仍會有不同態度產生,但藉由實際 參與工作實務,以及深入組織場域與成員互動,較能獲得切合組織真實且更豐富 多元的資料。

另外,本研究主要以深度訪談來研究組織文化,擁有質化研究中能取得組織 較深層的資料之優點,但許多由質化研究所造成的缺點,也會使得研究發現與結 果的有所限制,因此建議除了可以多重質化研究方法,如結合民族誌、參與觀察 法等取得真實的田野資料,亦可以使用量化與質化研究途徑調和應用的研究方 法,也就是研究方法上的三角測定(triangulation)方式(陳慧芬,1998),將開 放式的深度訪談、參與觀察等質的方法決定組織文化的內容和形式,再據此分析 資料進行組織中大規模的問卷調查,以期能獲得樣本數較大、含括各層級、部門 等各種屬性的組織成員。

本研究以兩家廣告公司作為跨國企業與本地企業組織文化比較的研究對

象,而分析的是美商與本土廣告公司,探討組織文化如何受到中美文化差異的影 響。然而,台灣當地亦有多家日系的跨國廣告公司,雖然日本國家文化源自於中 國文化,因此在許多方面呈現相似的文化特質,但若深入探析仍可發現其中的差 異點,因此後續的研究可將樣本擴及分析美商、日商與台灣本土的廣告公司。此 外,本研究所選的美商在台企業,其前身於 1971 年建立之初為國人經營的本土 廣告公司,直到 1985 年被 B 跨國集團所併購,而正式改名為 B 公司,因此是屬 於中美合資的型態,另外可針對完全由外商獨資經營的公司,或是檢視剛被外商 併購,組織中仍處於本土與國際間相互制衡不穩定狀態的廣告公司,來探討是否 又由於這些因素,使得外國文化與中國文化對組織文化影響的部分有所差別。

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