• 沒有找到結果。

建議與後續研究

第五章 產業鏈育成模式

6.2 建議與後續研究

本研究冀望對下列對象,產生具體貢獻,並期待有心人士予以推動。

一、是國家育成政策制定機構,如:經濟部中小企業處,冀望於對民間 資源參與的新認知,建立適切的政策規劃與誘因設計;

二、是具民間資源支援能力的中大型企業,期望能瞭解育成機構對企業 創新提供新源,並願意略盡社會責任,扶持自身相關的中小企業,甚 至是新創企業;

三、是對於學術型育成中心,瞭解民間企業觀點,並與民間企業合作共 同從事育成工作,串連起前育成、育成與後育成工作,完備育成培育 系統。

本研究乃採模式實例運作方式進行,屬創新與創業個案探討。因其 稀少性,故以質性研究方式探討。育成事務本於助人事業成功為本質,

隨著不同的產業屬性與經濟發展階段,應有不同的育成模式設計。冀望 後續研究者,能多有發想於創新育成模式,以蓬勃育成產業的樣態。

民間企業資源一直是筆者堅信值得育成工作者深耕的地方,而育成 中心的特性與價值,也一直是被民間企業業者所誤解。透過良性互助的 模式設計,並與耐性的溝通協調,相信人類互助的理念,樂見他人成就 的道理,這就是所謂『助人為快樂之本』道理。若能引起民間企業觀注 育成事務,相信國內創業風氣將會更加盛起。

學校育成從是前育成出發,經常舉辦創業競賽,然後學生參賽創新

的作品,往往成績公佈後就束之高閣。筆者經常認為這是校園創新的斷 點,或許其中確實存在著創業機會與新產品的契機。學生若真無創業動 機,若能將其創業與創新計畫,做某等的公布與揭露,或許真會覓得有 心的企業與團體將其實現。開放式創新與經營模式,其明白表示,創新 者並非是實現者,所以,企業才要將研發能量做個盤點,將與公司目標 不一致的創新事項,向外界釋放,並為公司帶來商機與獲利。同此道理,

育成也可將比賽後的學生創新作品,當然事先必須先徵得作者的同意,

做某等揭露,甚至積極點,拿著計畫書去找合適企業去推廣與接觸,或 許能為中心帶來一筆獲利。

國內民間育成一直未有見有公益性團體投身於育成事務。隨著經濟 趨勢起伏,除公務機關外,已較少如已往,可以做到終身服務單一公司 的工作型態。大多數人必須面臨到轉業衝擊,而創業往往是一種轉型的 途徑之一,特別是中高齡的人員,如何運用這種豐富經歷的中高齡失業 人力資源,相信也將是創業育成的重要課題。

 

   

參 考 文 獻

中文部份

(火田)村洋太郎,失敗學法則,臉譜出版社,2003

施振榮等人,認輸才會贏,商周出版,2009<註:經濟日報《成功者的失敗學》

系列報導文章>

經濟部商業司,『商業發展情勢及策略之規劃』-商業創新經營模式之探討,2006 蕭瑞麟,不用數字的研究,培生教育出版,2006

黃濤,「我國科技企業孵化器產業化研究」,武漢大學博士學位論文,2005 楊朝祥,「建置產學合作新關係」。國家政策論壇,2(2),pp.178-181,2002 廖盈琪,「產學合作之創新分析」。科技發展標竿,3(4),pp.1-10,2003 曾銘深,「OECD 國家推動產學合作之作法」。經濟情勢暨評論,5(3),pp.80-98,

1999

洪德生,「台灣的產學合作關係現況」。載於亞東關係協會科技交流委員會、中華 經濟研究院主辦之「台日產學合作研討會」會議論文集(pp.1A-1~1A-22),台 北,2005

李鳳梧、朱斌妤、梁定澎,「科技育成中心成功關鍵因素之研究」,科技管理學刊 5(2),pp.239-263,2000

蔡敦浩、利尚仁,「複雜性科學典範下的創業研究」,創業管理研究,第二卷第一 期,pp.31-60,2007

朱沛,「創業現象的分類與特殊類型創業理論的發展」,創業管理研究,第二卷第 三期,pp.21-50,2007

陳悅琴,「廠商間合作關係對企業營運策略發展之影響探討」,輔仁管理學報,第 十四卷第三期,pp.145-180,2007

劉常勇,科技創新管理,國立中山大學講義,2006

王國讚,「國立大學校園建設運用 BOT 模式之初步研究-以國立台灣大學學生宿舍 為例」,台灣大學土木工程研究所碩士論文,1998

林姵君,「我國大學產學合作現況與展望之研究—以學術型創新育成中心為例」, 成功大學教育研究所碩士論文,2006

馬鳳嶺,「中國創業中心發展評估報告」,天津:天津市科技創業服務中心,2000 袁建中,「台灣中小企業創新育成中心之規劃」,規劃學報,1996.12。

袁建中,「國外創業育成環境發展之經驗與台灣創育環境之養成」,科技發展政策 報導,pp.213-225,1998.9

袁建中,「大學如何推動育成中心」。論文發表於國立交通大學教育研究所主辦之 二十一世紀大學經營 研討會,新竹,1999

李仁芳,產學合作創新與國家競爭力。台北:行政院國科會科學技術資料中心,

1998

伽斯柏(Chesbrough, H.)著,開放式經營,李芳齡譯,一版,台北:天下文化,

2007

林信昌、鄭秋霜著,施振榮薪傳:一手都不留的經營智慧 台北:聯經,2004 王文科,教育研究法,台北:師大書苑,民國 84

胡幼慧主編,質性研究-理論、方法及本土女性研究實例,台北:巨流,民國 85

黃政傑等著,質的教育研究:方法與實例,台北:漢文,民國 87 陳向明,社會科學質的研究,台北:五南,2002。

劉仲冬,民族誌研究法及實例。載於胡幼慧主編:質性研究-理論、方法及本土 女性研究實例,台北:巨流,民國 85

陳伯璋,教育研究方法的新取向-質的研究方法(增訂版),台北:南宏,民國 79。

邱泰平、許文川、龔偉,「創業中心的群聚效應策略-以武漢東湖創業中心 為例」,2007 科技與社會學術研討會,中華大學,新竹臺灣,2007 經濟部/教育部,引進民間資源參與興建營運公立大學育成中心計畫書,民國

92。

交通大學,民間參與興建營運國立交通大學創業育成中心可行性評估暨先 期規劃書,2001。 

台灣大學,台灣大學創新育成公司營運計畫書,2002。 創達育成,創達育成科技研發(股)公司營運計畫書,2005。

英文部份

Afauh and Tucci, Internet business models and strategies: Text and case, New York:

McGraw-Hill, 2001

Afauh, A., “Redefining firm boundaries in the face of the Internet: Are firms really shrinking?”, A management Review, 28(1), pp.34-53, 2003

Afauh,A., Business Models, A Strategic Management Approach, McGraw Hill, pp.9-12, 2004

Allen, D.N., Ginsberg, J.E. and Marks, S.A., “Home Grown Entrepreneurship:

Pennsylvania’s Small Business Incubators”, Report published by The Pennsylvania State University Institute of Public Administration and the Pennsylvania

Department of Commerce, 1984

Allen, D.N. and Rahman, S., “Small Business Incubators: A Positive Environment for Entrepreneurship”, Journal of Small Business Management 23 (3), pp.12–22, 1985 Allen, D. N., “Small Business Incubators and Enterprise Development”, Report

Prepared for the U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.,1985 Allen, D.N. and Weinberg, M.L., “State Investment in Business Incubators”, Public

Administration Quarterly 12 (2), pp.196–215, 1988

Allen, D. N. & Levine, V., Nurturing Advanced Technology Enterprise : Emerging Issues in State and Local Economic Development Policy, New York: Prager, 1986 Allen, D. N. & Hendrickson-Smith, J., “Planning and Implementing Small Business

Incubators and Enterprise Support Networks.” Report Prepared for the U.S.

Department of Commerce, Economic Department Administration, Washington, DC.,1987

Alt, R. and Zimmermann, H., “Introduction to Special Section – Business Models”, Electronic Market,11(1), pp.3-9, 2001

Amit, R. & Zott, C., “Value creation in e-business”, Strategic Management Journal, 22(6/7), pp.493-520, 2001

Barab, A. S. et al., “Using activity theory to understanding the contradictions

characterizing a technology-rich introductory astronomy course”, Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association 1999 annual

meeting, Montréal, 1999

Becker, B. and Gassmann, O., ”Gaining leverage effects from knowledge modes within corporate incubators”, R&D Management 36, pp.1-16, 2006

Becker, B. and Gassmann, O., ”Corporate Incubators: Industrial R&D and What Universities Can Learn from Them”, Journal of Technology Transfer 31, pp.469-483, 2006

Bearse, P., “A Question of Evaluation: NBIA’s Impact Assessment of Business Incubators ”, Economic Development Quarterly 12 (4), pp.322–333, 1998

Brooks, O.J., ‘Economic Development Through Entrepreneurship: Incubators and the Incubation Process,’ Economic Development Review 4 (2), pp.24–29, 1986

Brown, W., “A Proposed Mechanism for Commercializing University Technology”.

Techonvation , pp. 19-25., March, 1985

Campbell, C. et al., “Change Agents in the New Economy: Business Incubators and Economic Development”, Report Prepares for the Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN., 1988

Campbell, C., “Change Agents in the New Economy: Business Incubators and Economic Development ”, Economic Development Review 7 (2), pp.56–59, 1989 Campbell, C. and Allen, D.N., “The Small Business Incubator Industry: Micro-level

Economic Development”, Economic Development Quarterly 1 (2), pp.178–191, 1987

Campbell, C., Kendrick, R.C. and Samuelson, D.S., “Stalking the Latent Entrepreneur:

Business Incubators and Economic Development”, Economic Development Review 3 (2), pp.43–49, 1985

Carayannis, E. G., Kassicieh, S.K., Radosevich, R., “Strategic alliance as a source of early-stage seed capital in new technology-based firms”, Technovation 20,

pp.603-615, 2000

Chesbrough , H. W., “The Era of Open Innovation”, MIT Sloan Management Review,vol. 44(3), spring, 2003

Chesbrough, H. and Rosenbloom, R., “The Dual-Edged Role of the Business Model in Leveraging Corporate Technology Investments”, in Branscomb, L.M. and Auerswald, P., Taking Technical Risks: How Innovators, Executives, and Investors Manage High-Tech Risks, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001

Colombo, M. G., Delmastro M., ”How Effective are Technology Incubators?

Evidence from Italy”, Research Policy Vol.31(7), 2002

Culp, R.P., “A Test of Business Growth Through Analysis of a Technology Incubator Program”, Unpublished dissertation, Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996 Engeström, Y., Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to

developmental research. Helsinki: Orienta-Konsultit, 1987

Ernst ,Holger , Peter Witt and German Brachtendorf , “Corporate venture capital as a

strategy for external innovation: an exploratory empirical study”, R&D Managemnet 35, 3, 2005

Fry, F.L., “The Role of Incubators in Small Business Planning”, American Journal of Small Business,12(1), pp.51-61, 1987

Davidsson, P., and Wiklund, J., “Levels of Analysis in Entrepreneurship Research:

Current Research Practice and Suggests for the Future”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.25(4), pp.81-100, 2001

Dubosson-Torbay, M., Osterwalder, A., Pigneur , Y., “E-Business Model Design, Classification Measurement”, Thunderbird International Business Review, 44(1), pp.5-23, 2002

Grittner, P., “Four Elements of Successful Sourcing Strategies”, Management Review, 41, pp.41-45, 1996

Hackett, S. M. , Dilts, D. M., “A Real Options-Driven Theory of Business Incubation”, Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, pp. 41-54, 2004

Hackett. S. M. , Dilts, D. M. , “A Systematic Review of Business Incubation Research” , Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, pp. 55-82, 2004

Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P., Ethnography:principal in practice. NY:Routledge, 1989

Hansen, M. T., Nohria, N., Berger, J.A., “The State of the Incubator Marketplace”, Harvard Business Review, June, 2000

Hansen, M.T., Chesbrough, H. W., Nohria, N., and Sull, D.N., “Networked

Incubators: Hothouses of the New Economy”, Harvard Business Review 78(5), pp.74-84, 2000

Hawkins, R., “The Phantom of the Marketplace: Searching for New e-Commerce Business Models”, Euro CPR 2002; March 24-26, Barcelona, 2002

Hedman, J. and Kalling, T., “The Business Model: A Means to Understand the Business Context of Information and Communication Technology”, Working Paper Series, No.2001/9, Lund Institute of Economic Research, Lund University,2001 Hines, H. H., “Effectiveness of entry by already established firms”, Quarterly Journal

of Economics, LXXI: pp.132-150, 1957

Hisrich, R.D., “New Business Formation Through the Enterprise Development Center:

A Model for New Venture Creation”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM 35 (4), pp.221–231,1988

Hoque, F. et al., e-Enterprise: Business Models, Architecture, and Components, NY:

Cambridge University Press, 2000

Kanter, R. M., “Collaborative Advange: The Art of Alliances”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 96-108, 1994

Krishnamurthy, S., E-commerce Management, Text and Cases, Thompson Learning, 2003

Kuratko, D.F. and LaFollette, W.R., “Small Business Incubators for Local Economic Development”, Economic Development Review 5 (2), pp.49–55, 1987

Lichtenstein, G.A., “The Significance of Relationships in Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of the Ecology of Enterprise in Two Business Incubators”, Unpublished Dissertation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1992

Linder, J.C., Cantrell, S., “Changing Business Models: Surveying the Landscape”, Working Paper, Institute for Strategic Change, Accenture, 2001

Low, M.B., and MacMillan, I. C., “Entrepreneurship: Past Research and Future Challenges”, Journal of Management, Vol. 14(2), pp.139-161, 1988

Lumpkin, J.R. and R.D. Ireland, “Screening Practices of New Business Incubators:

The Evaluation of Critical Success Factors”, American Journal of Small Business 12 (4), pp.59–81, 1988

Magretta, J., “Why business matter”, Harvard Business Review, May-June, pp.3-8, 2000

Mahadevan, B., “Business Models for Internet-Based E-Commerce: An Anatomy,”

California Management Review, 42(42), pp.55-69, 2000

McDougall, P.P., An Analysis of Strategy, Entry Barriers, and Origin as Factors Explaining New Venture Performance, University of south Carolina, PH.D.,1987 McMullan, W. et al., “Assessing Economic Value Added by University-Based

New-Venture Outreach Programs”, Journal of Business Venturing, pp. 225-240, January, 1986

Mian, S.A., “Are University Technology Incubators Providing a Milieu for

Technology-based Entrepreneurship? ”,Technology Management 1, pp.86–93, 1994 Mian, S.A., “U.S. University-sponsored Technology Incubators: An Overview of

Management, Policies and Performance”, Technovation 14 (8), pp.515–528, 1994 Mian, S.A., “Assessing Value Added Contributions of University Technology

Business Incubators to Tenant Firms”, Research Policy 25, pp.325–335, 1996 Mian, S.A., “Assessing and Managing the University Technology Business Incubator:

An Integrative Frame work”, Journal of Business Venturing 12 (4), pp.251–285, 1997

Miller, R. & Cote, M., Growing the Next Silicon Valley, Lexington Books, MA., 1987

Monlar, L. A. et al., Business Incubation Works: The Result of the Impact of Incubator Investments Study. Athens, Ohio: National Business Incubator Association, 1997

Myers, D. D. & Koen, M. S., “Incubators and Higher Education, ” Industry &

Higher Education, pp. 155-163, September, 1988

Nardi, B., Editor. Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996

National Business Incubation Association, “The Evaluation of Business

Incubation Projects”, P. Bearse, ed. Report Prepared for Economic Development Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Athens, Ohio: NBIA, 1993 Nowak, M.J. and Grantham, C.E., “The Virtual Incubator: Managing Human Capital

in the Software Industry”, Research Policy 29, pp.125–134, 2000

Nye, J.V., “Lucky Fools and Cautious Businessmen: On Entrepreneurship and the Measurement of Entrepreneurial Failure”, Research in Economic History

Supplement. 6, pp.131–152, 1991

Organization Economic Co-operation and Development, “Technology Incubators:

Background Report”, Working Group on Innovation and Technology Policy, pp.

1-26, 1997

Osterwalder and Pigneur , An e-Business Model Ontology for Modeling e-Business.

15th electronic commerce conference e-reality: constructing the e-economy, 2002 Pigneur, Y., “A framework for defining e-business models”, in Bruel, J. et al.(Eds)

Advances in Object-Oriented Information System: 8th International Conference, OOIS 2002, Montpellier, France, Sep.2-5,2002,Springer Berlin/Heiderberg, 2002 Plosila, W. and Allen, D.N., “Small Business Incubators and Public Policy:

Implications for States and Local Development Strategies”, Policy Studies Journal 13, pp.729– 734, 1985

Rackham, N., Lawrence, F. and Ruff, R., Getting Partnering Right, McGraw Hill., 1995

Ring, P. S., and Van de Ven, A.H., “Development Process of Cooperative International

Ring, P. S., and Van de Ven, A.H., “Development Process of Cooperative International