第六章 結論與建議
第二節 建議與未來展望
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第二節 建議與未來展望
第一項、法規面之調整必要性
我國目前與標準必要專利相關之實務案件為數不多，且對於與國家產業政策 密不可分之標準必要專利授權領域，在法規面上之制度結構是否足夠支撐產業發 展以及維護市場競爭之需求，非無疑問。基於智慧財產權本質上具有獨占色彩，
將競爭法納入智慧財產法之中，抑或是如同中國制定智慧財產權與競爭法交會領 域的獨立規範，更能整體化避免產生反競爭問題。我國目前將競爭法相關規範於 公帄交易法之中，並未如同日本與歐盟對於 FRAND 授權所產生之相關可能爭議 進行特別規範，對此本研究認為，因應我國產業生態目前係屬於技術之跟隨者，
在國內法規層面，應先創造適合現有行動通訊產業參與者發展技術之法規環境與 國家產業政策，目前我國在法規面尚不足以因應複雜之標準必要專利與競爭法交 會之特殊考量領域，是以，本研究傾向建議以關鍵設施理論為基礎之標準必要專 利相關規則，因以標準必要專利之實務操作結果，將導致市場上呈現圍繞該標準 必要專利之技術方案，殊難以單一或少數市場參與者發貣抵制，最有效率之作法 應係藉由組織或國家之力量，進行交易秩序之管控。故在國家力量方面，應由我 國自身建立法規秩序，在爭端發生前先行布局法規界線，防免國外持有標準必要 專利之大廠挾其市場上之支配力量而在與我國廠商進行授權談判時恣意地漫天 開價，反而將先進行違反我國法規風險之考量，相當於以法制面架貣防護網，增 加我國廠商在國際談判上之議價能力。
第二項、於標準制定生態中的生存策略
如前所述，國際間的標準制定組織除了 FRNAD 承諾內容有所差異以外，在 標準產生的方法階段，亦有所程序與慣例之差異，因此若要擠身標準制定成員之 行列並且享有話語權，必頇要切合各組織之技術制定模式，除了要架構出具有全
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球產業高度的技術內容提案，更需進一步從自我行銷、長期佈局與國際中具有研 發實力之廠商，培養共同合作之空間，又因未來行動通訊科技產品之多功能性，
所需具備之技術內容勢必更加繁複化，複數研發廠商共同參與技術制定之操作空 間增加，對於我國亦是難得之機會。因此，我國應從多方面的準備著手，增加我 國產業的曝光度以及提案機會439。目前我國於國際標準制定組織之投入較晚，至 今亦尚無較為顯著之成果，於 2015 年 2 月，亦終於在經濟部支持下成立台灣資 通產業標準協會（Taiwan Association of Information and Communication Standards, TAICS）。在現今國際分工的時代，我國標準協會應可參酌他國作法，以團體戰 之形式參與標準制定準備。作法上，除了刺激我國產業本身之業者積極投入標準 制定準備工作，儘可能去除妨礙產業技術發展之因素，持續整合國內外產業資源，
甚至與他國之標準化協會進行合作，使我國之技術提案能夠在眾多國際大廠爭相 提出技術方案之場合，具有確實可行之水準。此外，除了依據專利資訊之持續策 畫布局，對於非專利資訊的產業鏈、價值鏈、供應鏈以及政府與產業動態訊息均 需要即時追蹤，進行全面性的整合與分析，方能夠擬定最具有價值的策略方向，
並適時調整440。
第三項、於國際主流標準必要專利授權與競爭法趨勢下之應對方案
前述討論已將國際目前主流之標準必要專利授權與競爭法之間的競合關係 予以釐清，則應思考者為，雖然將標準必要專利授權納入競爭法管制與否尚未明 朗，惟標準必要專利權人之磋商義務以及授權條件均已逐漸形成一套可供他案參 酌之規則，則尚缺乏相關案例之我國居於具有相對完整行動通訊產業鏈的現況中，
勢必將面臨研發者與技術追隨者之多重角色，應研擬各階段之任務，短期而言，
應先在執法單位之見解上，趨向於保護我國產業之立場，使我國產業於標準必要
439 同上註 52，頁 461-476。
440 周延鵬、張淑真、曾志偉、汪忠輝 (2015)。從三星 AMOLED 專利網看帄面顯示技術專利佈 局策略，頁 541-545。致富密碼：智慧財產運營及貨幣化。臺北：天下雜誌。
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專利授權取得不合理之不利地位時，易於尋求救濟管道予以導正授權人之行為。
目前台灣基頻晶片相關產業特殊之處在於垂直產業鏈的完整性，從上游的技術研 發者（或共同開發者），如工研院以及聯發科、中游身為專利被授權人的 OEM 廠商，如鴻海等，以及終端消費產品品牌商，如 hTC、Acer，以及為高通代工基 頻晶片之台積電，均有具有代表性的廠商存在。面對基頻晶片所涉及之標準必要 專利 FRAND 授權爭議，符合各方利益之方向具有差異，甚難以單一角度探討台 灣產業之未來可能應對方向。
首先，若尌從研發者角度角度觀之，我國工研院與高通公司正在進行的 5G 技術共同開發，未來若研發成果取得之專利權，甚至被擇定為標準必要專利，即 必頇考量應如何在符合國際主流國家執法界線內，建立授權機制以取得較高之利 潤。其次，從標準必要專利被授權人的角度觀之，亦即從我國行動通訊終端產品 品牌商的角度而言，應期待我國法規面能夠趨於完備，以形成具體之規範輪廓，
減少標準必要專利授權相關爭訟產生時之不確定風險。長期目標則是期望我國之 產業技術水帄提升，並能夠於國際標準必要專利授權制度中，立於較優勢之地 位。
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期 2018 年 4 月 11 日，檢自：http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/business/paper/1171676
10. 黃珮君。林百里批高通案對產業不利 經長：將再約高通談，自由時報，上網日期 2018 年 3 月 19 日，檢自：
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/business/breakingnews/2253972
11. 潘姿羽，金價罰鍰近在眼前，公帄會：高通已陸續匯入台灣，經濟日報，上 網日期 2018 年 3 月 14 日，檢自：https://udn.com/news/story/7240/2909829 12. 公帄交易委員會新聞資料 (2017/10/11)。公帄交易委員會，上網日期 2018
年月日，檢自：
https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/main/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=126&docid=1523 5.
13. 張煌仁 (2015/9/22)，WiMAX 業者：政府騙了我們，ETToday 新聞雲，上網 日期 2018 年 5 月 14 日，檢自：
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Steven Anderman and Ariel Ezrachi, (2011). Intellectual Property and Competition Law: New Frontiers. New York: Oxford University Press.
（二）期刊
1. Mark A. Lemley and David McGowan, Legal Implications of Network Economic Effects, 86 Cal. L. Rev. 479 (1998).
2. Mark A. Lemley, Intellectual Property Rights and Standard-Setting Organizations, 90 Cal. L. Rev. 1889 (2002).
3. Mark A. Lemley and Carl Shapiro, A Simple Approach to Setting Reasonable Royalties for Standard-Essential Patents, 28 Berkeley Tech. L.J. (2013).
4. Jorge L. Contreras, The Global Standards Wars: Patent and Competition Disputes in North America, Europe and Asia (2018).
（三）判決
1. Georgia-Pac. Corp. v. U.S. Plywood Corp., 318 F. Supp. 1116 (S.D.N.Y. 1970), modified sub nom. Georgia-Pac. Corp. v. U.S. Plywood-Champion Papers, Inc., 446 F.2d 295 (2d Cir. 1971).
2. MCI Commc'ns Corp. v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 708 F.2d 1081 (7th Cir. 1983).
3. Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp., 472 U.S. 585, 105 S. Ct.
2847, 86 L. Ed. 2d 467 (1985).
4. MetroNet Servs. Corp. v. Qwest Corp., 383 F.3d 1124, 1131 (9th Cir. 2004).
5. Verizon Commc'ns Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP, 540 U.S. 398, 411, 124 S. Ct. 872, 881, 157 L. Ed. 2d 823 (2004).
6. Broadcom Corp. v. Qualcomm Inc., 501 F.3d 297, 313 (3d Cir 2007).
7. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 167 L. Ed. 2d 929 (2007).
8. Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Elecs., Inc., 553 U.S. 617, 629, 128 S. Ct. 2109, 2117, 170 L. Ed. 2d 996 (2008).
9. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 173 L. Ed. 2d 868 (2009).
10. Microsoft Corp. v. Motorola, Inc., 696 F.3d 872, 878 (9th Cir. 2012).
11. Microsoft Corp. v. Motorola, Inc., No. C10-1823JLR, 2013 WL 2111217 (W.D.
Wash. Apr. 25, 2013).
12. Microsoft Corp. v. Motorola, Inc., 795 F.3d 1024 (9th Cir. 2015).
13. Federal Trade Commission v. Qualcomm Incorporated,No. 17-CV-00220-LHK, at 5 (N.D. Cal, 2017).
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14. In re Qualcomm Antitrust Litig., 292 F. Supp. 3d 948 (N.D. Cal. 2017).
15. Federal Trade Commission v. Qualcomm Incorporated, No. 17-CV-00220-LHK, (N.D. Cal, 2017).
16. Impression Prod., Inc. v. Lexmark Int'l, Inc., 137 S. Ct. 1523, 1531, 198 L. Ed.
2d 1 (2017).
17. Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd v ZTE Corp. and ZTE Deutschland GmbH., Case C-170/13, European Court of Justice.
18. Microsoft Corp. v. Motorola, Inc., 795 F.3d 1024 (9th Cir. 2015).
（四）報告或官方文件 1. Orange-Book-Standard.
2. European Commission, 19th IBA Competition Conference, Florence 11 September 2015 – version 01
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/vestager/announcem ents/intellectual-property-and-competition_en
3. Guidelines on the method of setting fines imposed pursuant to Article 23(2)(a) of Regulation No 1/2003
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A52006XC0901%
2801%29.
4. Statement of Enforcement Principles Regarding “Unfair Methods of Competition”
Under Section 5 of the FTC Act. Federal Trade Commission.
https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/735201/150813se ction5enforcement.pdf.
5. Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Maureen K. Ohlhausen In the Matter of Qualcomm Inc. File No. 141-0199 (2017).
https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/170117qualcomm_mko_disse nting_statement_17-1-17a.pdf
6. Strict Sanctions on Qualcomm's Abuse of Cellular SEPs, Imposed the largest surcharge in the KFTC's history - KRW 1 trillion 30 billion and the orders to rectify the unfair business model (2016/12/28).
http://essentialpatentblog.lexblogplatform.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/64/2017
/01/2016.12.28-KFTC-Press-Release-unofficial-Englsih-translation.pdf.
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7. Antitrust: Commission opens two formal investigations against chipset supplier Qualcomm(2015/7/16), European Commission Press Release Database.
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5383_en.htm
8. Antitrust: Commission fines Qualcomm €997 million for abuse of dominant market position (2018/1/24), European Commission Press Release Database
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-421_en.htm
9. IEEE 802 network enhancements for the next decade Industry Connections Activity Initiation Document (ICAID) Version: 1.3, 2017-03-16. IEEE Standards Association. http://standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/iccom/IC17-001-01_IE.pdf.
10. IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws.
http://standards.ieee.org/develop/policies/bylaws/sb_bylaws.pdf
11. Ex ante disclosure of licensing terms, ETSI.http://www.etsi.org/about/how-we-work/intellectual-property-rights-iprs/ex-ante-disclosures
12. ETSI Intellectual Property Rights Policy (2017)
13. Antitrust: Commission opens two formal investigations against chipset supplier Qualcomm (2015/7/16), European Commission Press Release Database,
available at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5383_en.htm
14. Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property. U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission.
https://www.justice.gov/atr/IPguidelines/download
15. Factsheet - Standard Essential Patents. European Commission. Retrieved from:
http://europa.eu/rapid/attachment/IP-17-4942/en/Factsheet%20-%20Standard%2 0Essential%20Patents.pdf.
16. Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents (2017/11/29).
European Commission.
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https://www.statista.com/statistics/427073/cellular-baseband-processor-supplier-share/
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18. Sravan Kundojjala, Stuart Robinson, & Christopher Taylor (2018/1/8).
Baseband Market Share Tracker Q3 2017: Qualcomm Gains Share. Strategy
Analystics.
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19. Communication from the Commission to the Institutions on Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents. European Commission.
https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/26583
20. Antitrust: Commission opens proceedings against Samsung, European Commission. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-89_en.htm 21. Report by the EAGCP, An economic approach to Article 82, p8
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/competition/economist/eagcp_july_21_05.pdf
22. Karen Campbell, Jim Diffley, Bob Flanagan, Bill Morelli, Brendan O’Neil,Francis Sideco (2017.Jan.). The 5G Economy: How 5G technology will contribute to the global economy. IHS Economics & IHS Techonology Economic Impact Analysis.
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（五）網際網路
1. About 3GPP, Retrieved Apri. 11 2018, from http://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp 2. What are standards?, IEEE, Retrieved May 22, from:
http://standards.ieee.org/develop/overview.html
3. About WSC, World Standards Cooperation, Retrieved May 22, from:
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4. What are standards? ETSI, Retrieved May 22, from:
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5. How are standards made? IEEE, Retrieved May 22, from:
http://standards.ieee.org/develop/process.html.
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https://www.iso.org/developing-standards.html
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8. Global cellular baseband processor revenue share by vendor from 2014 to 2016, , Retrieved Mar. 26 2018, from:
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9. Qualcomm 2016 Annual Report of Form 10-K For the Fiscal Year Ended September 25, 2016, p10-13, Retrieved May 13 2018, from:
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11. Mike Freeman (2018/4/27). Qualcomm tweaks patent licensing scheme; Will it help end legal war with Apple?, The San Diego Union Tribune, Retrieved May 23 2018, from::
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12. Qualcomm Comments on Apple Complaint (2017/1/20), Qualcomm Press Release, Retrieved June 23 2018, from:
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13. Qualcomm Confirms Receipt of Korea Fair Trade Commission's Case
Examiner’s Report (2015/11/17). Qualcomm Press Announcements, , Retrieved May 13 2018, from:
https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2015/11/17/qualcomm-confirms-rece ipt-korea-fair-trade-commissions-case-examiners
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Qualcomm Press Announcement, Retrieved May 13 2018, from:
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23. Taiwan’s 5G Value Chain Expected to Output $134 billion and Support 510K jobs in 2035 (2017/8/10), Qualcomm Press Announcements, Retrieved May 13 2018, from:
https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2017/08/10/taiwans-5g-value-chain-e xpected-output-134-billion-and-support-510k-jobs
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25. Dr. Stefan M. Zech, Jochen Kilchert, Dr. Stephan Held, Christian Hess, Tilman Pfrang and Dr. Tobias Wuttke, Patent enforcement through the courts in
Germany(2018/2/19), Retrieved Apr. 9 2018, from:
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b12d6f05-d05a-47fc-b7b0-e6c3 dcfd1aaa
26. Aaron Tilley (2017/1/20). Apple Sues Qualcomm For $1 Billion, Alleging Extortion, Forbes, Retrieved Jun 7 2018, from:
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三、日文文獻
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3. 公正取引委員會，知的財産の利用に関する独占禁止法上の指針(帄成 28 年 1 月 21 日)，上網日期 2018 年 8 月 18 日，檢自：
http://www.jftc.go.jp/dk/guideline/unyoukijun/chitekizaisan.html
（三）期刊
帄山賢太郎，(2014)。独禁法から考える 知的財産権ライセンス拒絶〃差止請 求，13-14，パテント，Vol.67 No.12。
（四）判決或行政處分
1. 知財高裁帄成 25 年（ネ）第 10043 号。
2. 公正取引委員会帄成 21 年排除措置命令書（措）第 22 号。
（五）網際網路
公正取引委員会，独占禁止法研究会の開催について(帄成 28 年 2 月 10 日)，上 網日期 2018 年 8 月 19 日，檢自：