第六章 結論
6.2 研究限制與展望
首先，在研究範圍方面，會話結束策略在研究學界未獲得足夠的重視，有 許多範疇、層面尚待探索。具體來說，可針對不同的文化或語境因素，如國 籍、性別、地位、場合、媒介等，進行會話結束策略之對比分析，進而闡釋語 言、文化與語境的交互作用。但礙於環境、時間等客觀因素的限制，本研究無 法一次涵蓋所有研究項目。
其次，就研究方法而言，語篇補全測試能有效控制研究變項，並在研究時 限內取得大量語料，但唯有不及實錄法取得的自然語料能完全反映會話結束的 現實情況。本文希望下次能有足夠的時間與人力，嘗試以實錄法探討真實語言 環境中的結談行為。另外，此次本文只鎖定台灣人士為研究對象進行調查，所 得研究結果受限於區域性，未能反映中國大陸及其他華人社會的漢語結談行為 現況。
最 後 ， 此 次 研 究 所 得 現 象 究 竟 屬 於 年 齡 級 差 造 成 的 共 時 語 言 變 異
（ synchronic language variation ）， 或 是 文 化 演 變 引 發 的 歷 時 語 言 變 遷
（diachronic language change），尚須從共時與歷時層次搜集更廣泛的語料加以驗 證。
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107 教材：
國立台灣師範大學（2008）。新版實用視聽華語。台北：正中書局。
葉德明（主編）。（1999）.遠東生活華語。台北：遠東圖書公司。
劉珣（主編）。（2002）.新適用漢語課本。北京：北京語言文化大學。
Liu, Y.-H. and Yao, C.-T. (Ed.). (1997). Integrated Chinese. Boston, MA: Cheng &
Tsui Company.
108
附錄一
碩士論文問卷調查
由衷感謝您撥冗填答本問卷！這是關於台灣在學大學生與研究生語言使用 的問卷調查，填寫時間只需 10 分鐘左右，您的幫助將成為本研究的寶貴依據。
為保障隱私，您提供的資料只作學術用途，絕不公開。若有任何疑問，歡迎隨 時與研究者聯絡，感謝您！
台灣師範大學漢語文教學研究所碩士生 劉素帉 敬上 [email protected]
（一）問卷問題 填寫說明：
以下是一些日常生活中與人閒聊的情境。正常情況下，在說「再見」道別 前，我們會先提出想要結束談話的要求。例如：
「好，就這樣吧。」
「我先走囉。」
「不好意思，我還有工讀要先走了。」
「咦，你不是要去上課嗎？」
「都這麼晚了，你該去吃飯了。」
「就這麼說定了，明天不要遲到喔。」
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「謝謝你的幫忙，下次再請你喝咖啡。」等等
上述例子只屬範例，作答時請您回想過去置身於下列對話的情境，寫出最 貼近平常說話方式的細節。例如「咦，你不是要去上課嗎？快去吧，不要遲到 了。掰掰」。請一律設定您和說話對象是同一性別。
問題 I：
下列情境為下課後，您與說話對象在當天告別後，不會再有碰面機會。
1. 傍晚下課後，你和一位不太熟的同學在走廊上聊天。當你想結束談話 時，你說...
2. 中午下課後，你在校園裡遇到一位不太熟的教授，並談起話來。當你想 結束談話時，你說…
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3. 傍晚下課後，你和一個很要好的同學在走廊上聊天。當你想結束談話 時，你說…
4. 中午下課後，你在校園裡碰到一位相熟的老師，並談起話來。當你想結 束談話時，你說…
問題 II：
下列情境為上課的休息時間，您與說話對象還有再次碰面的可能。
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1. 在課間休息時間，你和一位不熟的同學閒聊一會兒後想結束談話，你 說…
2. 在課間休息時間，你偶然遇到一位不太熟的教授，交談一會兒後，你想 結束談話，你說…
3. 在課間休息時間，你和一位很要好的室友閒聊了一會兒後想結束談話，
你說….
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4. 在課堂間的休息時間，你偶然碰到一位相熟的老師，交談一會兒後，你 想結束談話，你說…
問題 III：
下列為您到別人家做客，最後要離開時的告別情境。
1. 你到一位新認識的朋友家玩，當你想告別離開時，你說…
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2. 你到一位不太熟的教授家作客，當你想告別離開時，你說…
3. 你到一位相交多年的朋友家玩，當你想告別離開時，你說…
4. 你到一位相熟的老師家作客，當你想告別離開時，你說…
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（二）背景資料
年 齡：18-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-32 33-35 36-38 38 以上 性 別： 男 女
國 籍：台灣 其他______________
目前就讀學位：學士學位 碩士學位 博士學位 目前就讀學校：_______________________
主修系所：___________________________
電子郵件：___________________________（以便追踪研究）
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附錄二
Research Questionnaire Survey
This questionnaire is part of a research survey for my master’s thesis. All answers will be kept confidential and used for academic purposes only. Only 10-15 minutes is needed for the survey. Your participation is very much appreciated. Should you have any questions, please contact me via e-mail. Thank you for your time!
Yours sincerely, Sufen, Liu Master's Student
National Taiwan Normal University ([email protected])
Part1: Questions
Directions:
Here are some scenarios for everyday causal conversations. Under normal circumstances, we have to end a conversation appropriately before saying goodbye, such as in the following example:
116 Ok. I’ll see ya later.
Whoa. It’s already 6:30pm! I gotta run, bye.
I have to go home to prepare for a presentation. See you tomorrow.
You’d better get going. Don’t be late for your appointment. Drive safe. Bye.
I can see you are busy, so I guess I'll talk to you later. Bye.
Take it easy. Everything will be fine. Take care. See you soon.
Thanks for the information. I’ll buy you coffee next time. See you around.
Alright, don’t forget lunch next Monday. Bye.
These examples are for reference only. Please answer the questions below according to how you normally talk to people. Please assume the person whom you are speaking to is of the same sex as you.
Question set A：
The following scenario is set after school. You and the person you are talking with won’t be seeing each other again for the rest of the day.
1. One evening after school, you are talking with a classmate in the hallway. The two of you aren't very close. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
117
2. One evening you run into a professor on campus that you are not very familiar with. The two of you start talking. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
3. One evening after school, you are talking with a classmate in the hallway. The two of you know each other fairly well. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
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4. One evening you run into a professor on campus whom you know quite well and start a conversation. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
Question set B：
In this scenario, you are visiting someone’s house and are about to leave at the end of the day.
1. You are visiting a new friend’s house, what do you say when you want to leave?
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2. You are paying a visit to a professor that you don't know very well. What do you say when you want to leave?
3. You are visiting an old friend. What do you say when you want to leave?
4. You are paying a visit to a professor whom you are well-acquainted with. What do you say when you want to leave?
120 Question set C：
The following scenario is set during a ten minute classroom break. You and the person whom you are talking with might have the chance to see each other again later that day.
1. You are chatting with a classmate during a short classroom break. The two of you aren't very close. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
2. You run into a professor that you are not very familiar with during a short classroom break. The two of you start talking. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
121
3. During a short classroom break, you start talking with a classmate in the hallway. The two of you know each other fairly well. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
4. During a short classroom break, you run into a professor whom you know quite well and start a conversation. What do you say when you want to end the conversation?
122 Part2: Particulars
Age：18-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-32 33-35 36-38 38 與 above Sex： Male Female
Nationality： ____________________________
Native language： ________________________
Level of Education：High school Degree Graduate school College Major：___________________________(if applicable) Occupation：_____________________________
E-mail：_________________________________