第六章、 討論與建議
第三節、 研究限制與後續研究建議
本研究以「公共事務管理整合參考架構」為基，由條件面、本質面與行為面 對高雄地方永續發展進行整體分析。研究藉由互動管理(IM)之集體決策輔助機制匯 集高雄地區多元群體對於地方永續發展課題的不同意見。最後透過傳統名義群體 技術(NGT)與詮釋結構模式(ISM)所結合而成的增強 NGT 程序來釐清地區發展的 決策議題。匯整成果，研究由公共事務管理整合參考架構條件面、本質面與行為 面對高雄當前地方永續發展問題加以解構，並提出具體政策建言。綜上所述，本 研究應有方法與成果上的貢獻性，足可提供有關單位擷取地方永續發展認知與舉 辦地方永續發展公共論壇相關作法之參考。唯研究本身仍有其難以避免的限制存 在，茲將研究限制列述如下，並提供後續研究方向，以利研究者酌參：
一、本研究嘗試在「公共事務管理整合參考架構」的基礎上，結合地區行銷 的深層發展理念，針對國內地方永續發展現況與困境，由條件面、本質面與行為 面進行分層解構。由於架構本身涵概面既深且廣，欲以單一研究進行完整且全面 之探討，仍有未逮之處。然研究所採用以管理手段分析個體認知(判斷分析)、處理 群體行為與公共事務(政策分析與專案分析)的作法，確有助於系統性、結構性釐清 多元社會下的公共事務紛擾問題，避免型三錯誤產生。是以，研究建議未來研究 者可續以「公共事務管理整合參考架構」為基，針對公共事務管理領域其他重要 研究課題，諸如經濟發展、社區營造、政府再造、環境管理、永續發展、公民社 會與全球化等，深入分析探究，藉以充實公共事務管理理論的完整性、研究課題 的全面性。
二、人類的自治能力有根本上的侷限性，為了討論自由協商和討論的益處，
並防止人們為不適當目的而輕易地聯合起來，至少需要一定的數目；然另方面，
當越多人進入到重複的情勢中、其策略也越趨多元化時，要想了解其他人策略行 動的正確程度也就越趨困難，當情勢越趨複雜且參與者的人數過多時，個人就無 法對情勢進行規則性的參與，此時想要透過對相同策略的不斷學習，以達成如完 全理性下的預期即難以達成(Ostrom, 2005)。因此，為了避免人數眾多所造成的混 亂與激情，討論人數該有其最高上限(Madison et al., 1982)。基於上述，本研究所進 行 IM 乃嚴格遵守參與人數上限規範(Delp et al., 1977; Warfield and Cárdenas, 1994；林振春，1991)，然在此情況下，則可能面臨到參與者代表性的問題。
因此在後續研究上，建議研究者可嘗試將 IM 與公民會議兩者結合，俾兼顧 研究之內部效度與外部效度，適度化解討論人數限制與研究代表性問題。
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附錄一：「面臨 2009 世運會之高雄地方發展與競爭策略」
互動研討會計畫說明書 一、計畫緣起
高雄市謝前市長在去(2004)年市政會議中表示，高雄市爭取到 2009 世界運 動會主辦權，是台灣首度爭取到國際性運動盛會，未來高雄的市政建設要有國際 化思考，重大的建設要有明確的時間表，高雄市民也才會有具體的城市目標。依 循此一規劃，高雄市政府將今(2005)年度的市府施政主軸界定為「健康城市」，
希望打造健康的市民、健康的家庭，以及活力、快樂、舒適的海洋健康城市。因 此，提出「提升市民體能，擴大市民參與」、「健全市民心靈，提升公民文化」及
「營造優質空間，促進永續發展」三大目標，並配合行政院推動「健康台灣年」
施政方針，將「健康城市」擴大調整為「國民身心健康」、「環境永續健康」、「政 府體質健康」、「經濟體制健康」、「社會互信健康」及「生活品質健康」六大面向，
積極推動相關市政建設。在「健康城市」的主軸規劃下，雖然高雄市政府企圖在 2009 年世運會舉辦前將地方塑造成深具發展潛力的未來都會，但實際上高雄地 方發展仍面臨巨大挑戰。
近年來高雄市政府所推展的地方發展政策常偏重地區形象塑造，然地方發展 真正需被重視的產業調整、環境保護或人口素質提升等核心發展課題相對受忽
近年來高雄市政府所推展的地方發展政策常偏重地區形象塑造，然地方發展 真正需被重視的產業調整、環境保護或人口素質提升等核心發展課題相對受忽