亞洲國家與美國間留學生互動因素之探索

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(5) 52ttH~*W~~Fs'jWi'~1:R!litJfZ9~Z~~. 217. 1969/70 ' 1974/75 W 1977/78 !q::W~~I~LA..lf[mtt9l¥JM+1i::g;~~ ~:!tAfl[ {6~~&-. ~53U. ~53IJ. if:W~~%. 1 {jI"eJj. 9.9 8.9 8.4 5.3 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0. 13318 12029 11327 7202 5175 4487 4372 4216 4156 3991. 2~~. 3i5M 4 EfJJ3t 5;1]0:** 6*.2iHIJ'il 7~~. 88* 9~g§~. 10 rmt!. 13780 11060 10250 9660 8430 7210 6250 5930 4000 3390. 8.9 7.2 6.6 6.2 5.5 4.7 4.0 3.8 2.6 2.2. 1 {jI"eJj 36220 13650 2i5if1t 3 <$&.tIJ'il 13510 12600 4;1]D~* 12100 5 1'ti1!5 9080 6 EfJJ3t 9050 78* 8 ~pgJffiltL 7420 6640 9~ 10 ¥9> Jfif; :f:l!l 6560. 15.4 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.1 3.9 3.8 3.2 2.8 2.8. iloJtLfs 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 . 1.5. 2782 2634 2501 2288 15 QI:ts:2: 2045. 11 13£WT:f:ll. 3140 2770 12~~ 13 ~pgJffiltL 2680 14 j;)~JU 2390 15~l:t'il 2380. 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5. 11. ~~. 12~g§~. 13l¥i~ 14~~. 151513. 6340 5170 4220 4050 3530. 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.5. j(*,,"*¥illi: : UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook (1970/71 ; 1975/76; 1978/79) n:~~J\\f,~J~J~J--~S)3tzDT. :. 0. ~~B~~7B*~~!q::o~.Rm7m. (-)~~~~W~~~~~~~ ~~~. ~Uj:l(~;W;~jJl¥J~~. , ~:l1HI~*:fttl¥J~. .n~.~'~.·~~.W~*l¥JM mo~~2~A~W~~A~*.li~. ~~q&51*t9If[2tfHW~j:l¥JmtS)3. U~~U~:&'fBl¥J~~i&mM~*~H. 0. l¥J*5~. , ttttJ072t}HAW~~l¥J71:~. =~*~1&. '. 0. ~~ft21HIl¥Jj:t!:!1:sL~. =**~M'~~ft~~M~~~~~. ~£~~r[§~J~~~~l¥J~~ o ;lt. J1:.:t~. &'WzWtl~~M. ~~ft2~~i&m~~~~~m.oo~. ~*$ffi2~~~fB'~~~~®T~. mo~~~=*~~wm,~~~jJ~. tUft j'ffi.R.Rft 1898. !q::W[§fi)f3f~W. A~*'~.Rm7~Jt.~~j:I(~.l¥J~. ~~l¥J~jJ~1$~. ~Wm~;lt.*,m~ffl&'l¥Je~mM. , ::;t;tt*W21fH. 0. tJoi¥nttwl¥J.:t;fffB '. 0. . B * . ~lIffD~~. o;lt~ ,. ~~mm.'~.R~~~~m-@j'ffi.R. MlT.~. ~~-l¥J2~M~~o&'fB~~m7~. 1iO!q::~~~l¥J.~.$ft~~W~~. fliU~7fH~~l¥J!T{J'. .~.:tl¥J~~c~~'X~;lt2~l¥Ji&. , w~~~~r~poo. 1Dl:i&~o. m§~"~*m2~~. =**~Wlrs~. ~:jJ:j:~~21HI. 0. , ~~fiPfl~j:t!:!~~;lt. ft*~*2i*fB~~~Lp~. , J.-:Urp~U~w!j:I(. • •*'~.R~~W~*~m2~~l¥J ~~~~bZ:H'~SH*. 0.

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(7) 52:~tl~*w~~rl3'm~~fiiJJ!Z9*Z~~ 219 {~;fJ]Wl. Cummings. (1984). ~1¥J5:2~A~$~A'~~~B*A'. 0. ~P:t~tfj. : -00. I¥J *~ ~ 1£ ~ ~ *~ ~fJ." I¥J 1[~ fj · tttt ~ g~ ~ ~ tfj I¥J f¥i' ~ ~ tt f9U fI o. EE~. 4 w* 2 /J}5;O '. ft~tJtI~%W. ~.~tfjD~~~$'WAA'~~~~ ~{E ' 2?d~JT1JDth£fJ~~~tfjDjfl~~!tf. 1JJJ '. ~f¥i'~~Alf(-fu~R~~t1D. 0. ffi)tl3fJ. ~'~~~~~~fJ~~~tfjD~~~ t!9~*~Y ~. 0. ,. ~{~~{fu~%~;z~.&~. o:¥ 1950 ~J..C '. $~AfJ.m~~1¥J~3A~8fI~+~. A '. YffiB*t!1~-=-+}\~A. 0. 19651f- '. El3~~~fJ.~&w1t1~ (Immigration and. Naturalization Law). l¥J~n. ' ~1~5:2?1H. fJ.~AI)(8m~~~'mT~~fJ.m~ ~I¥JAI)(. (Fawcett e. tal '. 1984). 0. tlo. f¥i'~~~AlQ:ili~R~~. * 5 *~ , $~fDWmfJ.J5~~I¥JAI)( tl3~~ ii fI:f~HI*~~:tfW1JDl¥Jm~ ., ffi)~. (1985) ]!!t) 1978. ~.'~m'.~'~JJfm¥~ilifI~. Cummings ~ So. tE*$ 1975 -1979 . ~~~~%~~~~tfjD.~g~~~. ~:ttWjJDI¥JJ~~. IJ~ f¥i' ~~~A lQ:~i'Jfj{7~HI3 ~:B-tfT. ~I¥JI)(~$IJ}~~'~JB*~'~~. *5:!fHm~. '. : 5:2tfH~%tE~~~D~JJf{~. ~%~ttM- WlfJ. ~AI)(~~~. ~~.~*,~~s:B-tt~5:2t}H~~f¥i'~~ Alt;zFs~I¥J~1;*~.771. ; Yffi5:211H~%tfj. O~~~~~g~~~~~.g~:B-tt. 0. 0. 5:2?fHfJ. ~l¥JmtibaJ t)if~~ 5:2 tJtI~ ~ ~~f¥i'~~~I¥J1Lib~~o=*ti~1¥J. , Wm '. ;fJ]Wl ' -EJ~. E[JJJf&.~*:!!:~. {*. ~~~~~'~~~iifI.*f¥i'~~~. ~3~o~~'~¥.~JJf~*'5:2~. .~~~~~m§I¥J°~~~%I¥J~~. ~%~~~~tfjD~~~I¥J~.~5:2~. ~ft~~B~~fJ.~~hl~'~~~*. ~~~tt~~f¥i'~~AI)(~.fIWW~. 1¥Jf¥i'~~]!!ijg~¥U{~~. 1*'ffft°. *~~:tfW1JD. ~ 5:2 tfH ~ ~. (. f¥i' ~ ~ A I)( ;Z Fs~ I¥J ~. ) S2)~'I'I~~f~E£~U~~A~~ j~t~1JO. 0. ft}\01f-{~. , ,. ~lI:tf¥i'~AI)(. El3~fJ.~~~. f'*{tfl¥J1&Jl ' {JE~f¥i'~~~~ijg.J~f¥i' ~1& ' gt.D~~~I¥JWJ[~ (Cummings & So, 1985) 0. ~~I¥J$:9i-~{*.~ L~ r m~~. ~Yffi. '. ~~PfTImWI¥J5:2tfH¥-i)E~%. 5:2 J 'ft~~~-s~;zM'W5:2~~ %BPi.§:Y1Lib ' ~.'lw1Jt,@[¥U+fLt!t*c. ;Z.~ili~~~5:2~AfJ.~~~Wf¥i'~. $_~~.om-.fJ.~~~~~~m. %1¥J~m~~Mtt$~f¥i'~'f¥i'~~~. ~1fHA. .R{~. ' @[¥U+fLt!t*c*_ '. . fIfJ.~~~!tfjJDl¥Jm~. 0. 5:2t}HA~. ffi).§:t.ttfJ.~~. ~~l¥Jm~fZ9*. 0. f9Utlo ' 19641f-*'=JfI 79. 12%YffiB ~~~~il&JfffJ~m~ {~1¥J1~A ' 1970 1f:~mf¥i'~~~Wf¥i'$ 0.

(8) 220 ~W~{"J:lIl.li}f~. \5ilJ. *. t£~Ill¥J~D ~f6~~%. 1963 if.. tf. 17.8. 8.9. ** ill:. na na. 6.8. DO. ~. 6.5. 4.0. mi r:p. ~~%. 1978 if.. """" E§. e %i. += W3. 51W'H~*1£ 19631f-W 19781f-W~~~tfjOfl~ttfJU. ~4. Ill¥J. ~=. -8.9. tfjD¥ti~~. ~f6~~%. 1963 if.. 1978 if.. 16.2. na na. 19.3. 3.5 3.7. ~~% -12.7. 15.2. -2.5. 0.1. na. na. na. 11.9. 30.3. 10.6. 1.3 -0.3. 20.2 17.7. 12.0. 10.1 -5.7. 12.5. -20.6. 15.8. 25.4. 9.6. 16.9. 20.8. 3.9. 6.9. 12.5. 5.6. Yl :stU 27.5. 10.1. -0.8. 0.8. 0.05. -0.75. 19.2. -8.3. 13.2. 17.5. 4.3. ::$: E!.. 30.8. 18.7. -12.1. 27.9. 25.8. -2.1. 1.8. 7.3. -6.5. 0.01. 2.2. ~. 50.7. 20.3. -30.4. 28.0. 32.0. -4.0. ~. 20.5. 13.1. -7.4. 1.9. 0.7. -1.2. ~. 26.4. 4.8. -21.6. 0.0. na. ~. 8.8. 8.1. -0.8. 5.6. -2.3. 3.5 ,W.,*55:2: = ~ -S na Fe. ¥B m na. 13.9. 10.4. 0.8. 3.3 18.6. na. na. na. 14.0. 1.4. 10.4. 6.3. na. 15.7. fP fP. # na #! 10.6 fJr 10.3 Fe. 33.1. {jt. fl}j. ~. fJt. ill:. i~. ~. 8. *~ 1¥J f4 mli: ~ ~. e. 10.9. \5ilJ ~ B£Wf:l:B $ ~ j{ f ~ y:J>,~ill:fs. ~. DO t&: tlJ. ~. ~. ~. 17.8 9.0. 43.8. 15.0. -28.8. 10.6. 6.6. -4.0. 44.7. 21.3. -23.4. 45.5. 33.8. -11.7. na. 10.0. na. 8.6. 20.5. 21.2. 6.2. 15.8. 9.6. 0.7. 12.7. 6.3. 9.4. 16.0. 6.6. 3.8. 8.5. 4.7. 8.6. 7.5. -1.1. 5:2: 6.9. 4.1. -2.8. 2.0. 0.6. -1.4. ~. 17.6. 13.6. -4.0. 7.3. 11.0. 3.7. na. 14.5. na. 11.4. na. na na. na na. ~i1J ill: fs ~~~ ~. *0~. 0.3. 6.4. WfmlVif ~. na. 0.4. 1¥J 37.6 F'J na. 1.1. tl : 1. ~*-4c!x:*,m § Cummings & So (1985 ) 2.na ~~~*-4~~. ; --~~~$H~. 0.

(9) 5]m1~~w~~ra'W~~RIIJ~*zmi* 221. e.~~§jL[A~. ,. 0. ~1&1I.i'if%mm'ill1ft. 7\Jtt~r¥JJ(£~tiP~~%~. ,. ~f1{. ( 1978) NP1~ttUlO**~:s:2~}HA~1!,~~ AEl~~~lI&m~~~'ffiJ%~ti:s:2~. m ~~~ B:;lI&1fi::(:E l$MtJ:. illlH§ ~ ~ El ~. 0. ~ffiJlI&m~j)ji~ra~ffiJc.)(:~. 0. 1980 if. 1& ' %~titn~F$~B:;1*I&~fliUm11tii ' I:n~~*~. Jlt1li- '. 22%ffiJ8. ~Jlt%m~~B:;lI&1fi~~~ffi~~B. 0. ~.mJ1li-Wl~Hij~~~m~. ~~~~~~~lI&1fi~¥-ftt. ~5. 0. Glaser. f~. , ~~lI&miil~.¥U~®:s:2~}Hm~~ ~Wl%~~jj{ (Cummings & So, 1985) 0. :s:2~}H~~~~%m~A~nlG~m~. 1965-69 if 1960-64 if 222242 96624 :s:2~}H 12.4 5.4 ft!l~~ 2564 603 ~r¥J 57563 15753 ~~jl[ 2564 603 r¥J~ 18469 9521 cpm Epgr 65712 20578 18327 3164 ~m na fjt~jj na 5935 2960 B£Wf:tB 2704 BJjs: 813 20649 23327 ~r¥J 2748 703 *~ 19088 3103 W~ na na na na ~1iD 2541 13261 EPFt: na na ,~ 3/(ft§:s:2 na na f)ijJ~Y:f na na ~1JotL na na WT.mJ~+ na na ~1Jo:tBl na na ::fH 9424 ;!tfiQ:s:21fH~~ 2838 jtFl-*~ : c.~ El Cummings & So (1985). 1970-74 if 512791 16.7 14661 152706 14661 81202 67283 166 12901 1128 26802 18740 20446 166 3080 2910 1307 398 301 1320 635 595 9 2322. m~. *±m*. 0. 1975-79 if 828253 34.3 12987 196397 155505 107762 96982 8430 24666 17282 21993 23026 27059 5459 5558 3426 2741 929 3021 2090 1459 1358 36 na.

(10) 222 t!nfft&!{.-l:!IiliffJt ~ = + = M. (~)~~B~W~~~fi.~.. I. '. *5 ' ~~tilit~gt1NIl~5rM~§:. ~ 0. .~tt~~ ~ ImtJ W!:i2 iJ+1. w~~~~. ' ~.wm~~.~.. :e ~ 1:£ ~ ~ ~ ~ **:fC. f¥:t£~Mlf8-:Ji'EHJ;1:r1:. J;J1;tT5U~~6~BA1%~D. 0. ~@JJl~PJ. ~~~~~IZSJ*CP'~~~~~~*~ ~~~~~~~*.M~~~~~~~ Z -o ~~&-~~~~~~lliW~=* ~~~~~~.~~~'{B~;¥t:~~.. : ' El;$: , cP ~. ~~~~~-*,~~~~.~~~~. *~,~.,~~. · .ImtJW~m~_. +~Z[9;El;$:~E~Z - ;#~~~. B-:J~~~1ff;{tM.8''J*:gI){5J-~t3t~lGlfflH~. 'iW. +~z - ;ffi~~~~~~~~~~t. 1:£~~Wi'~. ~~~~~+~Z-~~ffff8o~~~. -§j 5t. '. 1:£21HI8''J~ ImtJ. 'ffffJiAl£fEl&- (UNESCO, 1Imfr*(j~5r. ~~~~M~~AI£~~*P3~~$1JD~. ffl~~~~~t~~5~§C~~~~. MDR' ~~1JJ~llt--~:.fD~m{i\' (Cummings & So ' 1985). 1980). 0. 1:£{-tf1.1F5@]~Z1&. '. *:fCCP (Altbach' 1989; Cummings & So ' 1985). 1980 if-i& '. 0. ~~~~~~j]~. 0. =**~i&. ' pfT~t~M~tilit~. *A'iW~*.~~~M~~¥~!:i2~~. 1:£~~~~~~~.~74%~7%o. ~ft1f~~;m~,~~cp~*~~.. ~~1:Em~~.~w~~~,m~~M. fj*EH.~* § ~~ , xtzD,~*~!:i281i1z. ~~A f5[{r!l ;¥t:~~ft1f*,!AI£~ tt 'WIJf§. .~~~~'~Jig~lli - .~~.. &-/J\ '. fj , ffff llt~fj~~~X 31* §. ~;¥t:~~ft~~~~.~W~~.~*. ;¥t:~. ,. ~~. 0. =.~ *f¥X1&~~~g~~~iIj(JM1:£. *ii. 1ZSJ1lt1:£ttf1JDM~~AI£~. J7.W1J®~'f-. ~?&1:E. 0. ,. gt*~. 1963 if-W 1978 if. 21)+1 ~:lL ~ r~ ft1f ~ (Institute of International Education) ,t~m~J-'2. FI3Ej , M~~~*fJ:I!:tt£70Ri;t. 1J+ltili~~~~fj(~F",'~. ~.1:E1~8if-~~~m~M.~AI£. tili~:frtili§5t::lL. TOEFL. ;. ~Ji m1:£21Hr. ~f!U~cpJc.\. WJ~m{:}t21;lt[~1:.$~~j'~~~fR. ~~fj(~*IJ~S-:J:frf.i~m. , J;JM" '. ~?grlft. trsJj};~ M®[9JJl~~~~21HIM~~~IoJ~ J. (threshold) IZSJ*. I.BP~. '. 2.3. {.§.~~ 0.6%~M~~~. 80000 AZ31 '. rmlf:t-l£fJj~. ~~~~~~:frt~~~m~~~~~. AI9: 1Z91f:t ' ~~pfT§rgm~M~~~*fJ 1i~*/J\ ' ~~~M~21J+1~~W~~ 0. 0. (Ii.) ~~~~~~.~tM®~~~~JJ. ~~~~ r F'~. %~~ttf1JD. 1.7%$U. 0. M~ft~m*B-:J~-J~m~lZSJ*. 0. ( 7\) ~~~~~~.66~W~~trsJ i~tJO.

(11) 51!;;t/~*~~rB~W~~RllJI2§*zm1* 223. ~~~~;g 1¥J*~1±ttilifElff~J~~. l¥J~~. , 129J1:tilig&5152~fH~~. M1±m:.I¥JI29*;~~'~~I¥J~~%. ~~~~I¥J~~'~AI¥J~~~~'~. ~~~o.~~~~~~W~~*~. mi fiI ~ ~m:~ ~ ~ ~o;g * ~ I¥J 'I~. ,{E3~1=E 1963 iF~~~~5z~§7fiI~. ~~lOM~~$'m:~8M~~~~. :tJi to ~ ~ I¥J ~ Vij ~ ~ ~ tzD Ashby (1971) pJTj§ , ~~I¥J~~~~~}fJ~ 0. r fm A ' mfi~m J (Any Person ' Any. Study) 1¥J'~fllt:tJi. 0. J1:t~~~~~*. ~~~l¥J*~ ° ~~I¥J~j~!HN*~tOJjfujt. MCI¥J~.JEt)m~g&5152~fHfiI'~l¥Jf~. ftI~I~~m:7t5JU~~~~~fiI~~~. {tj::Z-. 3.6 % W 12.3 % (Cummings So ' 1985) ° AI{(I¥]. ®::s~fFif6"~1f~±~1¥Jg&51129*. &. ( t ) s:25~'li~~W~~~~~~*. ~~~~~1~~a~g:fml"H~. '. ~l!rfX1r~~~ffl~~JJ:9;g~I¥J~~Yil~. ' ~® 1963 iFi&I¥J+1iiFpq , ~. ~Alfl:fH~.t~;lJo m~;g~1=E. 0. {E3~$.J::. 0. 5211+I~*m*fiI'~Wl¥J ±~129. * '. ~a 7~~521ffl~*I¥J.I~{t~. ~o521ffl~*I¥J~}fJ,~:jt:~~$.I~. @~~fiI~~AIfl:~~~~.~'~fiI. ~~*'1=E1iOiF~*~M~~~~~. .~;g~Wtt-WUili1~1§~~ttf;IJO. I~1tl¥J~~. ; K~. fif= PJT;g~~~fiI~~A~~o/ ° Open Doors (1979) MC§t~*4~7G3:~~~. , ~~~*itD71a)7H9:~ l¥J.ffi l29J1:t ' ~JJ:9~*I¥J.I~$r~~ 0. ~M5il¥Jm~o. ~fiI~~~§7l¥J~~$'~~1iffi~~. ~JJ:9~*$~m~l¥JiF~A'~~. ~1¥J;g~'ffi&I¥J~-M~~~~~;g. ~~.*wa~.I~~~~I¥J~~~~. *,,1¥J~~~P~~*.l¥JfiI~~. ~JJ:9~. ~fi~I¥J~~,~~~a~I¥J~~~. ~;g.I¥J~~1±tta.~m~~~~. ~o~ml¥J~,~~~*§7Ifl:521ffl~*. ~,w*.m~~~*l¥J'~'ilil29~. ~~~ftJE~~~I¥J'~~mW~~o. fElA*~~. 0. r,g; J O pJTt) , ~~~~. l29J1:t '. fJEf~52~J+liF'~Ai.t$)7'1-fiI~AIfl:. ~Wg&51~M§7l¥JfiI~~W:jt:~~~~. I¥Jttf~o~~,~JJ:9fiI~~l¥JfiI~.ffl'. ~W6"lJjfg&5IfiI~~. *§7{)J83*~pJTi~~f~. , ~tzD~~~~~. ,1985). (Cummings &. ~~W~n~FJj~1tpJT3& ° J1:tlmo/lfl:fiI~. So. ~m:.~;g.*~l¥Jm~'1=E1~8iF. .~83~*~~fiI~'*$ffi~~I¥J±. i&~.~iFili~tzDJI:t °. ~~.*~~I¥J~m.I~~~W~~fi. ~~, i~~-:1J1ID*~' ~~~~ ~WI¥J§7 :1J1ID6"~jf. , ~g&515211+lfiI~~. ~~:1J1ID. 0. '. 521ffl~*fiI~~~rum-~E3. ~¥A~f:J(tt::El=l¥Jttg{3l:. 1iOiF{~*~. 0. , *52Wm52fiI~~.

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(16) 228. flff~H}J!I!.liff~. m= += M. WW~~t1f.mvB"Jl2Sl*t§M'~:n:.§.fl~. Cummings. 0. (1984) ~fJ2¥HI 34 ~. ~~.;$:'.~~W~~~*~lliM.. ( =) iI:&H18~m~. ~~~*o~m~~fflB"JI2Sl*~:lliD. , ~::gfr~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ 15( ~ * fJi IT 1m ( cross section) 5fD-~J'£.1m ( time-series ). .~.ffi~~~~t¥J~&~~~ •. ~. B"J~~'~~~.W~~~mvB"J~*'. DI5(·~~~~mm.~B"J~*(k~. ~f)jID&iW~tJT~:t:n~. Coummity ) &~i3~~~!J.JlJL~~.. ~~~W~~¥frEmvJnlEm~. 0. ~~I£tm~~f3)j. ~~Wft~~'~A~&ffi~'~*~ ~t±:I®W~AI5('~~~Wft~~'A. m~~~~~R~$~~W~~~~~. tzO"T : 1. ~ iItT dO ~ Jt n-- lJt :4t. ~m~~.~~mm.~m.~=*U. Lee W Tan (1984) fJ~~Im~cp~ * cp ( less developed countries ' M m LDC ) ~t*;$: , .~f~t±:I~ LDC ~. ~12Sl*. 0. rnll:tOJJ! '. ~-~*~~.tJD. ~I£t~t~tEt¥JJJ&m*J3..-ili~~II~~~ t±:IW~~B"Jm~l2Sl*z-o. W~~B"JI2Sl*o~£;$:®~~:~~W. Fry (1984). fJ 1960 ~f~CP~I* 84. ~~ZffiU~~~LDC~*;$:%~~. oo~~m.;$:,~m.~WWJJ&m·~. ~W.B"J~~o~~Z'~LDC~~. ~~~g~o~m~~*~~,-~~. (developed countries ' 1m mDC ) B"Jm~I2Sl*~ LDC B"J~~~51. ~~~~.B"J*~~~~~~~~~~. iUE.Im~~*. Wo Wobbekind W Graves. ~*~~~W ,{fl~~*;$:~BP~t.tm mRWB"J~~m~~~~WB"J • •. lI:t ' ~~B"J~~~P1.±~}~gt~. Lee W Tan. ol2Sl. 0. ( 1989 ). fJilTlIDB"J~Jj{~fJT 1961 ~ 1965 ~. 1973 ~rl3~. fJ. W 1970. , §J-OO~Jj{~.~~j§. LDC B"J~~. t±:IW~~t¥JI2Sl*om~::g~~~~cp~. ~~·~·~~*E.Im~~*B"J.~12Sl. *~.M~~.tlm*,~~~~~cp. *~ !1~~~WB"J~*~' grp~ttfjU .. ~.·ft.tl~*~u~~,~m=M. ~~~W~~WADB"J~~·~~U~. B"JW~~~~o~~=M~~CP~AB"J. ~~~~~*~~~M&~OOAB"J~R. ~*~:~~~~w~*~·m~~~. ffi~o~~~.B"J~:M&~~~~~. ~Wt¥J •• ~;$:·=~B"J~M·m~~. B"J~~cp~-m~K~I2Sl*'{Bftt.t~. ~·~~U~~~~~~*~~·~~. §'lU~&rOJl2Sl*. ~m~~. mt±:l~.. :. 0. ~NZ. '. 'tWW~~~. •• ·~A• • ~&ffi~·~. B"J12Sl* ' illJJ!~[f-M&ruIf*&~~ffl~. W*~Jf5Z:t±:If6. ffi-I+l~. ~~. ilt:1-lL:.I~. 0. GNP Ef ~tt. : (1)ft~.tE. 0. 26 .~*cp. m~~*. , ~~ffl.

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(24) £,)0. ~~fHM'L'fJl!lilf~. .R; 82). m=+=Wl j;j '§.)YU '. 0. 2. r C:P~.R;~-EJ1f!'lttg~MEHm:~ J (ffi&~:±:H~. , .R; 68). ,~*~2 ' ffirsm ' B£WftB ' r~~~. ,. flj£[2 , *~. ,. ±:E};!tl-1& -EJ1Il~ 22 -@j. ~*o~®~*i¥J~@~.m~.~_. 0. 4.World Bank Report (United Nation' 1978-1979). if-JE!. ' l¥J~ , f~~~ ,. r~ ,~tilijliiJill:{s ' *Jf1Jot&: ' WfJitiiJ-t- ' ~. 0. 3.~9~i5"~~Wf~~:5Z:{t*Jl~MEH. (UNESCO ' 1978-1984). *'. 8. mfti¥JrmnJ '~~®~*i¥J~~~ m~~~;W~~fu~~@ru.m• •. 0. Sources Statistical Abstract of the. m - mfti¥Jrill:nJ '~2~22@~ r *i¥JW~1:.ill:rPJ~~ °1i:tW mJW r tL. United States (U.S. Department. 1iIbMW(~S*m~~~i¥Jm\¥.~. 5.National Data Book and Guide to. of Conmerence Bureau of the Census' 1978-1979) 6.0pen. Doors.. ~. 0. ... ~1'fT/J;*. 0. ( Institute. j;j21tH 22 @j~* rmi¥Jn:!i J. of. International Education ' 1975. l1H.{j~:rJi. 1976 W 1979-1980). ~. 0. *m~pffY!V&i¥J~~~'§'13~JfStt§&'. (exogenous variable) ;. j;j~. r ill:i¥Jnil J S~f.{j~:rJi ( endogenous. wri~~). '~fi.tl~.g~.~*. ~'W~13@i¥J~JfStft~~~~~~,. iffT (linear sturctural relationship). pff¥§g1~~U. f1RJE*m~pffm:i¥Jm~~j~~. 1978 1:f:~~~i¥J£[21tli:lr~. &. 'mz. 0. W~~i¥J~~.JfSto~1~81:f:S~M. lZSl*m~.R~ 22 @tl* ' i!&ft~. i¥J S~ rs~ \¥.~ , ~ T ~ ~JfSt f!'l ~...t i¥J ~R f1jU. ~{iiH ...tj;j~i5" IJ\tl*i¥J*1Jofflmt/J\Zfi. 11i- '. 19781:f:]!~J~:2;+H:lr~ , &~~~:lr. ~W~1:.A~;E;jUlJlt1fi¥J1:f:{-t. 13m. (un-weighted least squares '. M~. ULS) {'Fs*m~~1'Y~~{iiHi¥J13. 0. EI3~*tifF~pff~~i¥Jf~~~j;jJJ.WB. m. ° Wft~JE*.~i¥J~ft.~~re~. S~lH~ , f'I}1JO...t:±:IJli¥J*UiIT ' ~~~~. ...t ' ~j;..rf)yUf~~{$S~~i¥Jf.N~. ~'!JUl~~{-t~tti¥Jf~~ , {.§.ft'§'13*ftH ~JfStc:p~~f~~If)Z1~~~. @2~m~*)YUA*m~~M. _ ... .oJf~~;J. , i!&.R~ 22. *. YT ' ~1lU ' Wm '. l.Chi-Square (X2). 0. ;!t{@:ftj;j...t '. JJ.;fg!i¥J'I~ID~ftMEHf1RJE1&~~. 0. *m~pffmi¥J2~HI~*~JE. (Joreskog & Sorbom ' 1989) :. M~o. 2.Goodness-Of-Fit Index (GFI). :. jliiJ~. EP~ , EPffi ' {jI"ill:Sl '. JJ.;fg!i¥J~{@:~.90. Yftj;j...t. 0. 0. 3.Adjusted Goodness-Of-Fit index.

(25) §?fflm~JM~mFa'fj~~g:!liJJ~~Z~* 237. (AGFI) :tE~)J:.. 0. @1'&l.i¥J~{OO:.90 ~:P. 0. 4.Root Mean Squared Residual (RMR) ~.05. '. 0. filmf£~.025. ~"i-. ~. ~" ~~*6~. ~1'&l.i¥J~{OO:d6,~J;[{~. *m~:{£~gj"IZ9*~SWf~~. , ~r):#. ~~~~f~A:5t;fJT*m1gj"IZ9' *'UH* ' J--J,.. 0. 5.Q-plot i¥J7.t~:5tfflJ~ ff!:{£ 45. Wo. 0. ;tt:5tfflJ*&. Joreskog & Sorbom (1989) LESREL 7. 0. ' tflBlf~Ai¥J£*~~~~. pff§§t:~ti¥J. ~~~m~·ff:5t;fJT. 0. -@1:#. ~~*6~f~A 'E!. '2;mU:;l,:f~AW*6~:1Jfj. ; f~ApqJP[]jf. m~=$ffio~cp':{£~~:1J~~mA. (~ : ~~~7.t~i¥J~W~~=6~~~. $ffii¥JlZ9*lBl~mA~~~m~~fi. (tiD :. ~~~~=61N*). l~)~.~m~(~~'~=6~~~. IZ9 ' ~)pqffl~Jffi:fi* ' ~1'T{t5H. 0. 3.84) ~~~f~~ , :(£*m~cp-{ff. ~ 11. *m~i¥J;f§1Bl1*~9€~f~*~=22. X2. Yl. ~lJ[. Xl. Xl X2. 1.0000 .2610. 1.0000. X3. .2837. .4529. 1.0000. ~. .4291. .4647. .3411. 1.0000. Yl Y2 Y3 Y4. .6815** .2602. .2662. .6043*. 1.0000. .4481. .7127** .4063. .5984*. .3836. .5002. .5074. .4232. .9751 ** .6319*. .0209. -.2800. -.2430. -.0190. X3. ~. -.0612. Y2. Y3. Y4. 1.0000 .6645** 1.0000 -.7563. -.1073. 1.0000. il : **p<.OOl ; *p<.Ol pff. lBl{*J Z®~:{££*~it~, ~mf~~. ~ o m.~-ffig~~9€~'H~*m. ~it~~~,m~pq:{£~~~it~~~. ~pffmtfji¥J r. i¥J:5t;fJT*6*_~JJ!~ 12 ' M:~lttf~~i¥J~. *m~i¥J;f§1Bl{*~9€~tlO~ 11. 1978. 452~}H. 22. @~~W. ~~~~~R~, ~tfD~i¥J*~IZ9*. ~~~tlOT. :.

(26) 238 f.{(W ~H.'!!I! liff ~. ~. =+=~ ~. 12. *m~~~Z~~1J5H~*. -. IQ: uls ~~1t ~IQ: uls ~~1t ~~ uls ~~1tIIR2 fOO: fi5§tfoo: fi!i§tfOO: 1i!iHfOO: R2 (XI) =.316 TeD (X) A. XI .562** "(I 1.162** 01 .827** R2 (X2) =.349 TeD (Y) =.856, A X 2 .591** 02 .806** ifJI -.35 R 2 (X3) =.218 X2=24.12 A X3 .467 03 .884**. ~. =.759. A X4. .807**. R2 (X4 ) =.652 P=.192. .590**. 04. DF=19 GFI=.963 AY I AY 2. .634**. CI. .773**. .741**. C2. .671**. AY3. .895**. C3. .446*. AY4. -.167. C4. .985**. tl : **p<.Ol. ; *P<.05. '" .¥* mt ~ .oc ~.~ft:1.1 lID. -. t:£~. 12 cpPJJ;J~l±l ' 8111 A. 100:CP~. 6 1II~~U.01 ~. R2 (Y I ) =.402 AGFI=.929 R2 (Y 2) =.550 RMR=.096 R2 (Y3) =.800 X 2/df=1.02 R2 (Y 4) =.028 , mi::klEm1t9~~ =1.831. ,. :::f~. J.m~*~. 0. ~:9i- 2111*~~. A. X (3,1) Z T100:~. ~~:l§~. 1.63 i:f2. 8 1~t~U:,I;J!§fJ~~ ~100:tili~IEf@:El tili:l¥~U~~*~ , ~:9i r 100:i:f2:l¥~~ 0. f~:2tCP. 0. '". ~~]l1'~~mt~J!t~·~:1.rIID. ~. 12. cP~. x. 2. 100:~. 24.12 ' P 100: ~.192 ' Ii!P1i;~*~~U~~*$ , ~~ *mJ'G~m9-'E-Wl§~~7J;J~~ , ~§. z '. 2~JtI. 22. @~~w~mr~~:(£1¥i~li. ~L~~mm~*m~~~~ff:(£o~. ; WijJ~i& ~~15-JjtH~~ (AGFI) ~.929 ; =If ¥-g:(£.90 J;JLllMmt:::k100: 1 :::f~ , ~~. mH~15-jj1tH~~. (GFI) ~.963. *m~~f~J:tW~m16L~f~~::k3&f§{q. ; fffl ~ 100:W El E8~ZttfOO:2Jj\/J\fj~' 3 i'&~ , mt:::kIE:kJHt ~~~1* 1.831 ~:9i- ' *f~~~ Q-plot iUZ~~5ttffi*,~~4~::k~ 45 Jjt , $lOIiil 2. 15- '. f~:2tPJ1~~i'&~~~. 0. M~oM~,*m~M~~~mJ:t,~. E8 LISREL 7. cp~. *~1*~~ff:(£~. 0. ULS 5tfJTi& ' A~.

(27) 52jffll!lJ~W~l!IJra'Wi*~lI!WJf2SJ*Z~*. 239. QPUrr CE STANDARDIZED RESIDUALS J.j. N. o. i. M.. .. ...... A. L. Q. u A. ". N. T. I. L. E. S. ..6. -).j. L..'- - - - - - - - - - - -_ _. . . . .. -J.j. iii 2. .::. ... ... .. .. .'. STANDARDIZED RESIDUALS. 52~m~~W~I~.W~m~1LmtJl¥Jmru:IZ9~:f~AZ Q-plot. 1=~ ~ Ftl1".£ ~E 1=-' ~ -g.. ~ .~. :1.100. , ~ , Y2 W Y3 ~:tE.50 tJJ:. ' ~~~:tE.50 tJT ' *7R /.$::f~A1JJfof~~f¥:tE ' ~-arfJgS¥:¥U:f*/.$: ~fi~m~tBf§~. ~~~tB~~m.om~~~tB~:~. M~~~~§~W§~=~ZOOtB~~ ~Mm$. 3-'. , ;!tm~~~~~J:.tB~W~E. M*~,W~.~tB~.fof®&~,1Z9. Itt '. ~{gm:.Rfof·028. ffffE.. !iii. 0. ~9i-. '. /.$::f~. AtB~m~~(mtB~t)~m~.m. 75.9% ; ffff~tfl~:rji (ru:tB~.) tBm ~.m 85.6% ' m7G~$*E.'Mt~ o::f ~ /.$: :f~ A ~ <5 (3,2) tB ~ 1£ f~ ~ (modification indices for theta delta). mm 4.006 E.m~ 3.84 ' *-;G:f~7G~fof ~W~& ( miscellaneous errors) f¥:tE ; ~fJgif~Hl:t-~~1.JDtJ{t!ifft ' ~u-arJ.-Ja~~ :f~:cttB~~~. 0.

(28) 240 ~T!fW'L'1l!l.liJf~ ~=+=Wl. I2:EI ". ~i¥J~5fH~A. *1'J! ~ B~ ~illi .i1. [5J~ [5J .591 -. ~. .806. ~. .884. ~. v. .590. ~. ... r. 11H,f®:~f!5~tl¥J*El~. .mIZSl51~:f~AIlil. *Uff~1JJ~:s:21}HW~~ Z rE!~ f:fi ~ Ii.. _.827. '. .4671. ~. ~~~I3JltzDT. 1]. tzD~ 3 PfT~. , ~~1t. : v. I~. .773. ... 7. I~. .671. ~Y' 1<-. .446. 1<-. .985. 1.162 --L)-\. '. ./. ~I. /. ,. ". :s:2rffl~~W~~rE!~f:fi~Ii.~i¥J~5IH~AIIl. 11i13. III 3 i¥Jr--g:~Jft~~tzDIlil1 PfT~ i::£1ii1 3 cpPJt)~c±l Xl ¥U ~ !2:9@l~ • •~*BPJU~.¥~~I¥JM~~~ f '~Pfftl¥J:1J. '8fr~ZrE!~I¥J~i1iPJt) 7t5JU~I3JltzDT : 1978 if::s:21}H~~Wi'~~ ~ttf9U~~ , cp~~~~*~~ , ~A. , :s:2r+H~~§fimW~~§fimrE!~1¥J Jf§]UilI ' ~1J:s:21}Hf:fi~~* rill J ¥Ij~~. ~&M~~~'U&:s:2~~~c±lD~~. i¥J:1J.fu~~,~cpM~~I¥J~::s:2~. ~1¥Jj;f~~~~. Wi'~~¥U~. ~~ffi~~~~~~~W~~*ztt~. ~1¥J:1J.fu~~~o~cp':s:2~~~1¥J. ~rillJl¥JmAcp~@.~I¥J.~~.. ~A~&M~~~~ACPB~~~~'. ~JJi. fS fi:5gf-I¥J;f,E*illW*Uff~l¥Jlmf*-®~~ f§ r-% IZSIIlt ' gt~mjffi§ , *Uff~cp r fft J. ~. , ~PW r ill:1J J ~lE ' ~lmf*:tSj:ffPJ fig , fS~*~~~WEI¥J;f,E*ff.S~:EJ!lEloJ~. I¥Jf~AW~)t;i¥J-®~f§um~. ~1¥J1m~'~~:s:2~~~_~~~~~. 0. , ~rj rfftJ. 0. ¥U. 0. ~~~~.if:.m~f:fi~~A~~~ ~':s:2~~~i::£~~~DI¥JW~~~. ~':s:2~~~ffi~~~~~~~~~~ *~f~. '. ~)t;~1lt~fJJizlmf*-®~ff.S~Ul. gt[}gf-tJ~~I¥J!2:9@l~• •Jji (~P Y l. *ffi~~~~~~~~~~*~'1ZSI. fu*BPJ t)~u.¥um~. 1lt'f:fi~~*illloJ~~o~~'=~§f. Y4. ). jffi §. ,. ~~ TJ ' ~Pilll¥J:1J. PJl--jJ§i~mtzDT. : 1978. 0. '8fr~ZrE!~i¥J~~. if::s:21}H~~Wi'~A. im~I¥J~.~*mAcpB~~~~'~ ~fuW~)t;i¥J~~W~ffi~o.§z,.

(29) 5}jffl~~w~~re'm~~alb~*z~~ 241. _1IJ~HilHA! 52 tHI ~ %: §. W f6~ ~2lU I¥J ~. ~~[Q]W~~~:9i-. '. iff. '. W§t}H~%:W~~1:.~~&[Q]~. McMahon (1992). ~ AI¥J~:fJ!. ~. IzsHlt '. 0. &t~a ffij i=i. ;W.!mtjfGI¥JW~fElt4~. **~J::~. ,. '. m~tJ5[~;fDfm1E 0. B~*iitf Ji: B ~ ~ PJT~ I¥J m Ji:W. *mJi::f1ll¥Jm. ~,m~.~I¥J~JJ[m.m*~Wg_. 0. ~U!t~.521}H~%:W~. :f~~mf§~mM. .~~'~~7rmnJ~~l¥Jn.' M§~~~I¥JW~1:.rm[Q]J~~;ffij. ;s~gi~c.)(::f~~JlIj~tJ&~:f~~~~JJt. ."~.~~g&51521*1~~W~1:.M11. ffi~*mJi:.~~*ttl¥J~*.~';s. om. XI ¥U~) , &t~. ~iUW~I¥JIZ]*~JJ[ (~P Y I. ¥u. Y4). '. iB~*mJi:. 0 (3, 2) iti~fOO:I¥J-®IEf~.~ 4.006 ' * ~ 3.84 ' ~7K:f~~pg1'f~~~~ffl£ '. _1IJB"J1Z]*~JJi. fElr4 '. ~g~-*:flH~{~IEm~{~c.)(::f~~. ,. 0. ~T. ,. ~~affij~'~.~~Tr:f1lnJ~~. ~gftltJJO*:f~~I¥J~~~Z:9i-. ®n.'"52~~~W~1:.r:f1l[Q]J~. ~~~~B~~~mJi:~l£~*~.~. Eoffi~52~m~W~~z~l¥Jm:f1ln. fElIPJ:f~~~I¥J*t1l. .'~~~~W~~I¥JW~li~~~'. :f~~~-®c.)(:. m~~~m~.~w~~*.~*~~. iOO:mz~. fW~ [qJ~, *titfJi:B"J3,§:rJi~*t1~:fJ!. 1¥J~*tm~ 13. 0. '. ~Ilt. 0. ' *:f~~J!. ' *mJi:~OO. , ?J}\~p~ 0 (3,2). , ¥}~m ULS pIT ~. l¥Jiti~. ~$1tiH. '. PJT1~. 0. ~7~~~~52~~~W~1:.zm~~. ~ 13. ~. -®IE:f~~~~iti~tiOO:. ~ uls.~it ~~ uls~~it ~ iti~t100: ffiHfOO: ~. A. XI .558** A. X 2 .554** A. X3 .426* A. X 4 .798**. A. Y 1 .637** A. Y 2 .738** A. Y 3 .896** ! Y4 --.163. tt : IPJ~ 11. 01 02 0. uls~~it. R2. iOO: I. itiHiOO:. 1.162** ({)I -.35. R2(XI) =.311 R2(X2) =.307. TCD(X) =.732 TCD(Y) = .857 X2=20.16. (2,3) .290 0 3 .602** 0 4 .829**. R 2(X3)=.181. P=.324 DF=18 GFI=.967. .770**. R 2(Y I)=.406 R 2(Y2) = .544 R2(Y3) =.803 R 2(y4) =.027. CI C2 C3 C4. .829** .832**. /1. -. R2(~)=.636. .674**. i I. .443* .984** -. AGFI=.933 RMR=.096. I. i. I. I. I. ~/df=1.12. 1& * IE ~J[ it ~j ~=1.71.

(30) 242 ~~W'L'~1iff~ ~=+=Wl EE~. 13. i:iJ~D. '. ~IEf~J:tf&I¥J~~. w*{~IEmJ:tI¥J~~{i!i8t{@. : (1)1£ A {i!i. H L*¥)tfEl~ , /f~PJTfj~IEf~J:tf&1¥J A {@¥:J/J'\~*~IEmJ:tl¥Jf@ , ~~ A X3 EE'*$t:;/f~~~ffl(;mi~ ; (2)~u:S.:r~~1¥J. 20.16 '. P mfu.~~EE.l92. tJHf·¥U.324 '. ~~{~IEf~J:t1&I¥J~reml¥Jliifu.!tJ1JD. 0. l:E~RmJ:t~~m~~L'~IEm~~. pJTf~l:E~IEf~J:tf&I¥J~U1!~&Ik'~~ fj. I¥J GFI W AGFI f@¥:J EE ~ $t; I¥J .96 &.929 ' m:¥f.¥U.967 W.933 ' I~U~*{@: 1 J! UI ; RMR fu. EE ~ $t; I¥J .102 ~ ¥U.096 ' •.05 f@/f~ ; Xl/df mw~* IE;j;JUt71~ ,fu.EE'*$t:;1¥J 1.27 & 1.131 ' ~¥u 1.12 W1.071 ~1Ji- ' ~IEf~J:t1&1¥J Q-plot ~;z 71~:5tf1!J~~4m{JJ*~ 45 m ' tlO&ll 5. ~~l¥JfElImf¥l'£. ; ~ i§ ~ , =::f$I¥J~g:S.: ~~ff!~~~},[1¥J ; (3) r ml:E{~IEf~J:t. M~oM~'~EE~IEmJ:t~l¥Jlii~m. ~~fj~~;@l'£XI¥J~.m~mm. ~ml¥Ji:iJmm·~~~~$HI¥J~*.. L'~IEmJ:t~ffim~~~~;®YI¥J. ffl(;1ZSI*f~J:t1iil. ~~1:E~IEmJ:t~'~I¥J~*'~7~ 2~mJ:t~ 0' 2 ' r5 3& 0' 4 ~fj?~y~. ~*3'&/f~. 0. ~1Ji- 0'. (3,2). , ;!t. :fj)t~{i!iHf&. 1¥J~*~.290 ' *~Aii~7..k~ , ~~. 1978. ~~~~*$~~Wl:E~$WmA~~. *. 0. J:tpql¥J~ft~~~~y. ~.m~~fj~y~~'~~*3'&/f ~. ; (5)l:Epqt{j~:rJil¥Jm!tL '. {~IEf~J:t. 1&~fjfj~~y, f;£ 75.9%?~y¥U 73.2%. , !tJtJD~.f~J:t~. ' tlOllil5 PJT~. 0. 1f*~tJL~*' ~?}H~*W~~M ~~g~l¥JmllilZSl*mJ:t'l'£*~IEm. ;. J:tw~IEmJ:t~IE~,ml:Emnwml:E. ~lli~:rJim.:S.:*3'&/f~·mm~~1¥J. llinW~~.~:rJiMI¥JIm~~~16M. ~. : ~IEf~J:tf& X2 {@EE 24.2 ~. ~lJi 1»11*Wl~. xt X2 X3. X.. § i'ffl1lm~jlt1J + + + +. 1m{*Wl~ ~1lm1iLJJ. -. IT : **P<.Ol. 7f\ •. 16 ~~g:J!:~JJiWMl:Emn '. + (+,--) +. Yt Y2 Y3 Y4 Y4. ?~y~. ; *P<.05. Ml:Ellin~~1&1¥J~*. **IEmJ:t **IEmJ:t *IEmJ:t §i'fflIlm*m:1J +** +** + +* ... ~1lm1iL:1J. +** +** +**. -. §i'fflIlm*mJJ +** +** +* +**. *IEf~J:t ~1lm1iLJJ. +* +* +*. -.

(31) 2l'Jt1~*w~~rEl'OO~~B.!liJJE5J*z~*. QPLOT OF STANDARDIZED RESIDUALS JJ ~I------------------------------------------~. N. o. R. M A L. ,. Q. ... ... u. e. A M. T I L ·. E S. .JJ 11..:-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----" -JJ. !II 4 .829. ~. ~1EmJ:t1&5B:¥ffl~~W~~rl'l'W~lH!1Jl¥.JmllilZSJ~mJ:tZ Q-plot Iii!. Iv. I .558 -.35. .832. ~. .602. ~. .829. ~. 3J. STANDARDIZED REStbUALS. ~ v. ~. 1/ .798. [jiJ 5. ~+-. .770. [SJ+. .674. .631. '~[!J+-.~I v. I+-. .443 .984. {~1E2 tJtI~~W~I~&IrI3' W~1[1iJ1¥.J1ZSJ~f~J:t1&pfT1~1¥.J~~lIJ. liJ 5 I¥.JH5dt~~jHlOlill. 243.

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(36) 248. fj(TifW'[A!liff~. ~=+=~. Ji' 1 JtfJ, 105-124 ~ 1. ~lli1.:y. ( ~ 77). Migration of foreign students to. 0. ~~~J!H~~Z~*. 0. .L-J-~~nM*~~~mit~~m:t. :k!iJ19. 158 Jtfj' 228-271 J[. ,~{"§B (~ 88). 0. 14 W. Higher Education, 56, 509-522. Agarwal, V. B., & Winkler, D. R. (1989).. 0. Foreign demand for the United. ¥i/fff. States higher education: A study of. 122 Jtfj (J:fHJ) , 1. developing countries in the eastem. 0. hemisphere.. 0. ~W$ (~8~~\. fj1:P9*f. ff£. *~'I1:*6;j$jf~:r.t1£~W. J-::.~f!!m&Pff~~Zr",~Jl!1! !fil4:d~MJi'. 0. the United States. JoumaJ of. (~ 82). tj(ff*fCH. 0. 0. Dff!fil/i)I~M. 0. Ji' 16 Jtfj' 23-82 J[ 1. *E~(~83). pment and Cultural Change, 33,. 0. =1Y'~~~'Ij:IN~7ttJT. Z!.I~lfijWff!m. 623-644. Cummings, W. K (1984). Going overseas for higher education : The Asian. 0. o~~W~~~:t~~. ~~1[t}]f~:r.tZ~*~~~** ~~AI£Zffl~U. Economic DeveJo. &I.ILff£if1:k!lJ DifffMJi'ftlfliH:i-t;;x 0. 0. *~~'~~$(~82) o~~*~~. experience.. Comparative Educ. ation Review, 28, 241-257. Cummings, W. K, & So, W. C.. (1985).. The preference of Asian overseas for the United States:. ~ffm~~~'~*W~miZIN. Examination. 5IH~:r.t 8'9 ~ ~. Higher Education, 14,403-423.. 0. D ff!fil /1) ~ M. Ji' 16 Jtfj' 223-255 J[ 1. ~jE~ (~ 74). 0. AOi!J!$. 0. the. context.. Cummings, W. K (1989) . The preference. 0. -El~t. of. An. : -=. ~o. of Asian overseas for the United States. Fry, G. W. (1984). The. Altbach, P. G. (1989). Twisted roots: The. economic and political impact.. western impact on Asian higher. Comparative Education Review, 28,. education. Higher education, 18,. 203-220.. 9-29. Altbach,. P.. Institute G.. (1991).. Impact. and. of. International. (1978-1982).. Education. Open doors. New. adjustment: Foreign students in. York: Institute of International. comparative perspective. Higher. Education.. education, 189-29. Agarwal, V. B., & Winkler, D. R. (1985).. Joreskog, KG., & Sorbom, D.. (1989).. llSREL 7 user's reference guide..

(37) §~l1~*~~~Fs%¥'i'~:CtlH!i]IZ9*Z~*,. Mooresville,. Scientific. IN. Lee, E. S.. e1966 ) . A theory of migration.. Demography, 3, 45-57. . The. international flow of third level lesser developed country students developed. countries. Determinants and. implications.. Higher Education, 13,687-707. Loehlin, J. C.. e1987). . Latent variable. models : An introduction to factor,. path,. and. e1989). Graves, P. E.. . International student. demand for higher education in. e1984). Lee, K H., & Tan, J. P.. to. Quarterly, 41,107-118. Wobbekind, R. L., &. Software.. 249. the United States. Research in. Higher Education, 30, 273-289. United Nation Education, Scientific & Cultural Organization eUNESCO; 1963-1976,. 1978-1979,. 1982,. 1984) . Statistical Yearbook. Paris: UNESCO. United States Department of Commerce. analysis.. Bureau of the Census (1978-1979).. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum. National Data Book and Guide to. Associates.. Sources Statistical. structual. Higher. Abstract of the United States. US:. education in a world market : An. Department of Commerce Bureau. historical look at the global context. of the Census.. McMahon,. M.. E.. of international. (1992).. study.. Higher. Education,24,465-48l.. e1987). Overseas students in. 87/10/1. Wx:{tf:. the United Kingdom: Some recent. 87/11/5. {~2k. development. Higher Education. 88/1/8 ~'3't. Williams, L..

(38) 250 f;1(fHfiJ{,d1j! lJf ~. ~. =+. =Wl. The Factors of Study-Abroad Interactions. Between Asian Overseas Students and the. United States. Fan-Chung Chang Council for Economic Planning and Development. Min-Ning Yu Department of Education National Chengchi University. ABSTRACT This research surveys the preference of Asian overseas students to study in the United States; it also reviews the research literature and empirical studies of the reasons that influence the mobility of overseas students and introduces the marco factors that cause great impact on the students: political, educational. economical, historical and cultural factors. The study manages to combine the causal model and push--pull theory to explore and explain the interaction relationships between Asian overseas students and the united States. The research shows that the push--pull causal model of study--abroad interaction does exist between Asian overseas students and the United States.. tey Words: study-abroad ' push-pull theory 'causal model. I. I I.

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