˪㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹⬠↲˫ 2010 ⸜ 12 㚰炻䫔⋩㛇炻枩 85-110
ਮߝሴᏲ࣏ᇄᏰਮಢᙑஈΨϞࣺᜰܒंـġ
点昛⺢⽿ˣ
点点䌳⤵⢡ġ
ᄢ ौ
㛔䞼䨞䚖䘬⛐㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬斄Ὢἄ䓐炻᷎⮯慵⽫ 㓦⛐㼃⛐嬲枭攻䘬⚈㝄斄Ὢ埵䓇䘬㧉✳忚埴㩊徘ˤ㛔㫉䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⮵尉䁢⋿㈽䷋ ⚳㮹⮷⬠ᷣảˣ䳬攟冯㔁ⷓ炻⛐屯㕁↮㜸ᶲ炻忳䓐 SPSS ẍ⍲ LISREL 䫱慷⊾䴙妰䘬 㕡⺷忚埴ˤ㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䳸婾䁢烉ᶨˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟㔜橼柀⮶埴䁢⏰䎦ᷕ檀䦳⹎烊Ḵˣ ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔜橼⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⏰䎦ᷕỶ䦳⹎烊ᶱˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬 ䷼➟埴≃℟㚱⭮↯斄Ὢ烊⚃ˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⮵㕤⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㚱栗叿䘬 㬋⎹⼙枧 烊Ḽˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⮵㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧ˤ 斄挝娆烉䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷ˣ㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ˣ䳬䷼➟埴≃ ____________________ 点 昛⺢⽿烉⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣⌂⢓䎕䞼䨞䓇 点点 䌳⤵⢡烉⚳䩳㙐⋿⚳晃⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯埴㓧⬠䲣䡑⢓ 暣⫸悝ẞ烉96152508@nccu.edu.twˣchangeveryday@yahoo.com.tw 㓞ẞ㖍㛇烉2010.06.09烊ᾖ㓡㖍㛇烉2010.08.19烊㍍⍿㖍㛇烉2010.12.10 姣烉㬌䭯㔯䪈㓡⮓冒䌳⤵⢡⬠ỵ婾㔯Journal of Educational Administration and Evaluation December, 2010, Vol. 10, pp. 85-110
A Study on the Relationship Effect between
Principals’ Leadership Behavior and School
Organization Execution
点
Chien-Chih Chen
点点Yen-Yi Wang
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between leadership behavior in principals and school organization execution for elementary schools. The purpose of this study is on the causal relation between the latent variables, and discusses the developed models. Data was collected from school directors, chiefs, and teachers. Data analysis used SPSS and LISREL. The conclusions are as following: 炷1炸The degree of the principals’ whole leadership behavior is at upper middle level. 炷2炸The degree of the whole school organization execution was at middle-low level. 炷3炸The principals’ leadership behavior is related to school organization execution. 炷4炸The principals’ leadership behavior positively affected school organization execution. And 炷5炸School organization execution positively affected principals’ leadership behavior.
Keywords: Structure Equation Modeling, principals’ leadership behavior, organization execution
____________________
ġ ġ 点Chien-Chih Chen: Doctoral Student/Department of Education, National Chengchi University 点点
Yen-Yi Wang: Master/Department of Educational Policy & Administration, National Chi Nan University
E-mail: 96152508@nccu.edu.tw; changeveryday@yahoo.com.tw
൦ȃᆱ፣ġ
Lawrence炷2006炸㚦㊯↢柀⮶侭䘬柀⮶㕡⺷㚫⼙枧䳬䷼朊冐㊹㇘㗪䘬⍵ㅱˤ⬴ 㔜䘬➟埴㬍樇冯㰢䫾↮㜸炻⼨⼨傥䓴⭂↢列⤥䘬柀⮶㕡⺷⮵柀⮶侭➟埴䫾䔍㚱䚜㍍ ㆾ攻㍍䘬⼙枧ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳炻⛐柀⮶冯➟埴ᷳ攻℟㚱䚠䔞⭮↯䘬斄Ὢ炻ᶨ㕡朊⎗ẍ啱 䓙➟埴䓴⭂↢柀⮶埴䁢炻⎎ᶨ㕡朊⎗啱䓙柀⮶埴䁢Ὣἧ➟埴≃䘬㍸⋯ˤẩ㤕䓴⤪㬌炻 ⛐⬠㟉╖ỵṎ㗗⤪㬌炻幓䁢⬠㟉柀⮶Ṣ䘬㟉攟炻娚⤪ỽ⽆℞柀⮶埴䁢⡆≈⬠㟉䳬䷼ ➟埴≃炻ẍ⍲⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⤪ỽ⍵㗈冯⚆棳㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢炻㬌䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬㟠⽫ ⛐ˤ ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁做㗗ㆹ⚳➢㛔㔁做昶㭝炻ẍ⚳㮹⮷⬠忁ᾳ昶㭝䚠䔞慵天ᶼ⍿⇘慵 夾炻幓䁢⚳㮹⮷⬠䘬䴻䆇柀⮶侭⛐朊⮵⣂⃫䑘⠫ⷞἮ䘬堅㑲ˤἳ⤪烉㟉攟怜怠⇞ ⹎䘬⮎㕥炻㟉攟忋ả䘬⡻≃烊ḅ⸜ᶨ屓婚䦳㓡朑㍐≽炻⬠㟉㛔ỵ婚䦳ˣ婚䦳䵙天䘬 ㍐埴烊⭞攟㚫ˣ㔁ⷓ㚫䫱⛀橼⍫冯㟉⊁烊⮹⫸⊾⮵㕤㔁做ⶪ⟜⊾䘬⼙枧䫱炻ἧ㟉攟 朊冐䚠䔞⣂䘬㊹㇘炷叱忋䤢炻2008炸ˤ ⛐㬌䑘⠫ᶳ炻㟉攟䘬柀⮶埴䁢ḇ⯙グ栗慵天炻⤪ỽ傥㈲㎉⽆㕘㍍ả⬠㟉䘬ㇳ⾁ 儛Ḫᶲ㇘⟜炻⇘䴻䆇⬠㟉ᶨ㭝㗪攻⼴䘬㊱悐⯙䎕⽫ᶵヴ炻℞⼴傥妠栆㕩忂⣂嬲⊾炻 ⮯⬠㟉䘤⯽↢⣂㧋⊾䘬䈡⿏炻㚨⼴䘬楽庽⯙䅇㛔卩厗炻㶔䃱↢⬠㟉䌐℟䘬䈡刚炻᷎ ≈ẍ㍐⺋炻䓙ᶲṎ⎗⼿䞍㟉攟柀⮶奺刚䘬慵天⿏炷昛㛐慹炻2006炸ˤ ⚈㬌炻䁢Ḯ⚈ㅱ䑘⠫䘬嬲怟冯妋㰢朊冐䘬㊹㇘炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ḇㅱ娚㚱廱 嬲炻䫎ㅱ㗪ẋᷳ暨㯪炷湫ᷫ䄺炻2004炸ˤṲ㖍䘬柀⮶⻟婧㪲≃䘬↮ṓ炻柀⮶䘬慵溆⛐ 㕤⬠㟉㚱㔁借⒉䘬⋼婧⎰ἄ炻ẍ䳬䷼ℙ⎴⇵忚䘬㕡⺷ㆸ攟炷Mayrowetz, 2008炸炻柀 ⮶侭劍゛㍸⋯⬠㟉䷦㓰炻⯙⽭枰冯㔁借⒉㹅忂⬠㟉䘬䚖㧁栀㘗炻⏲姜㔁借⒉娚⬴ ㆸ䘬ḳ枭ẍ⍲⮯㪲≃冯㔁借⒉↮ṓ炻⎴㗪ḇ天堐⼘⬠㟉㔁借⒉䘬⃒䥨埴䁢炷Robinso, Lloyd, & Rowe, 2008炸炻ᶲ徘婒㱽悥栗䣢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䘬慵天⿏炻㓭㍊䨞㟉攟柀⮶埴 䁢ᷫ㛔䞼䨞䚖䘬ᷳᶨˤ 䓙 Bossidy 冯 Charan ⎰叿䘬˪➟埴≃˫ᶨ㚠炻⛐⎘䀋ᶲⶪẍἮ炻枿⍿ẩ㤕䓴ˣ 䭉䎮⬠䓴炻䓂军㔁做╖ỵ慵夾炷⻝ㄞ⊛炻2004炸ˤ㓧䫾➟埴䳬䷼䁢㓧䫾傥⏎㚱㓰➟ 埴䘬ᷣ天⚈䳈ᷳᶨ炻䓙㕤Ṍ㖻ㆸ㛔䎮婾冰崟炻䳬䷼䘬⬀⛐塓ẍ䴻㾇䘬奨溆慵㕘㩊㷔炻 ⤪ỽẍ㚨⮹䘬ㆸ㛔䌚农㚨⣏䘬₡ῤ炻ὧㆸ䁢䳬䷼姕妰➢㛔䘬⿅侫怷廗炷恙㖶䤍炻 1999炸ˤ⚈㬌炻⏛㶭Ⱉ㜿⣑䣸炷2003炸⮯㔁做➟埴≃炷education execution炸㬠䲵䁢 㔁做╖ỵ傥⣈㬋䡢ᶼ⽡⸽䘬㈲㔁做ả⊁ㆾ䫾䔍⬴ㆸᷳ傥≃炻劍傥㚱㓰忼ㆸả⊁侴䃉 ⺞婌炻⇯℟㚱㔁做➟埴≃烊⍵ᷳ炻⇯ᶵ℟➟埴≃ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠幓䁢㔁做埴㓧䳬䷼䘬ᶨᾳⰌ䳂炻暨天䳬䷼䘬➟埴≃炻Ὣ忚㔁做埴㓧ḳ ⊁䘬㍐埴冯㔁⬠㳣≽䘬⮎㕥ˤ䃞侴炻⬠㟉䳬䷼⎹Ἦ塓夾䁢℟㚱ˬ檮㔋䳸⎰˭冯ˬ暁 慵䲣䴙˭䘬䈡⿏炷䦎⣊佌炻2006炸炻⛐⤪㗗䘬䳬䷼㝞㥳䔞ᷕ炻㚱℞⽭天Ḯ妋䳬䷼➟埴 ≃䘬䉨㱩炻⬠㟉柀⮶侭ˣ埴㓧䭉䎮Ṣ⒉冯㔁ⷓ㟡㒂⬠㟉㛔幓⃒≋⊊ẍ⍲ℏ⢾悐䑘⠫炻 姕⭂⬠㟉䘬䆇忳䭉䎮䫾䔍炻⛐䲣䴙⊾䘬㳩䦳ᶳ⽡⸽➟埴炻䧵㤝ᷣ≽⛘奨⮇⭞攟ˣ⬠ 䓇⍲䣦⋨䘬⍵ㅱ炻⮎䎦⬠㟉䳬䷼夷∫䘬䚖㧁炻⺢㥳䳬䷼㚱㓰䘬➟埴㔯⊾炻忚侴ἧ 㚱ㆸ⒉农≃㕤⬠㟉ḳ⊁炻妠≽㔁做埴㓧ḳ⊁ẍ⍲㔁⬠㳣≽⑩岒䘬㍸⋯炻↮㜸㔁做 䳬䷼ᷕ䘬➟埴≃䁢䞼䨞䚖䘬Ḵˤ ⛐⬠㟉ᷕ炻㟉攟ᶵ傥ẍ㌰㪲䘬⎵佑⮯㚱㪲≃ᶳ㓦䴎埴㓧Ṣ⒉㔁ⷓ炻侴ᶵ 䚋䜋䳘䭨⍫冯䘬ⶍἄ炻ˬ㚱┬⥳炻㚱┬䳪˭炻ㇵ䬿㗗➟埴≃䘬堐䌯炻嬻⬠㟉䳬䷼䷦ 㓰⼘栗ˤ侴䚖⇵㔁做➟埴≃䘬䞼䨞ᷕ炻⮵㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ℑ侭斄 Ὢ䘬䞼䨞ᶲ庫栗ᶵ嵛炷䌳⤵⢡炻2008烊叱㵹⨟炻2006烊娡⭄呩炻2009炸炻⚈㬌㍊䨞㟉 攟䘬柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬斄倗炻ḇ叿⮎㗗⇣ᶵ⭡䶑䘬嬘柴炻ḇ䁢㛔䞼䨞ᷳ 䞼䨞䚖䘬ᶱˤ
ຯȃМᝦଆġ
ẍᶳ㔀徘㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯䳬䷼➟埴≃䚠斄㤪⾝ẍ⍲㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯䳬䷼➟埴≃ ṌḺ斄Ὢ炻啱䓙㔯䌣䘬⮵娙炻ἧ㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䚠斄䎮婾㤪⾝ẍ⍲ṌḺ斄Ὢ⼿ẍ㶭㤂⏰䎦ˤΙȃਮߝሴᏲ࣏ᇄಢᙑஈΨࣺᜰ྅܈ġ
炷ᶨ炸柀⮶䚠斄㤪⾝ 大媢ḹ烉ˬ㚱⾶㧋䘬㟉攟炻⯙㚱⾶㧋䘬⬠㟉˭炻Spillane炷2006炸㚜䚜妨烉ˬ⬠㟉䘬 㔁做柀⮶侭㚫⼙枧⬠㟉ㆸ⒉ℙ⎴徥㯪㔁做₡ῤ˭ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢㶙↯⛘⼙枧 Ḯ⬠㟉䘤⯽炻㟉攟㚱⣂⃫䘬柀⮶㕡⺷炻Ữ䁢Ḯ惵⎰⬠㟉忙怕䘬䑘⠫炻ᶼ栏⍲⬠㟉ㆸ ⒉炷㔁借⒉ⶍˣ⭞攟冯⬠䓇炸䘬暨㯪炻⚈㬌⽭枰䘤⯽↢怑⎰⬠㟉䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻啱ẍ 忼ㆸ⬠㟉䘬䳬䷼䚖㧁ˤ 㣲㋗㖯炷2005炸娵䁢柀⮶ᷫ㗗䳬䷼ᷕ炻柀⮶侭忳䓐㛔幓䘬柀⮶≃炻⛐ℤ栏䳬䷼ 䘤⯽䚖㧁冯ㆸ⒉ᾳṢ暨㯪䘬⍇⇯ᶳ炻㚱㓰㽨䘤ㆸ⒉㼃傥冯ㆸ⒉ᾳṢ暨㯪炻忼ㆸ䳬䷼ ℙ⎴䚖㧁ˤHoy 冯 Miskel炷2001炸娵䁢柀⮶㗗ᶨ䧖䣦㚫㬟䦳炻⛀橼ㆾ䳬䷼ᷕ䘬ㆸ⒉炻德忶㬌㬟䦳炻Ἦ⼙枧⮵ℏ⢾ḳẞ䘬㪲⊊ẍ⍲㪲⇑䘬斄Ὢ䫱ˤRobbins炷2000炸娵䁢柀 ⮶㗗⼙枧⛀橼忼ㆸ䚖㧁䘬傥≃炻柀⮶侭啱䓙⮵栀㘗䘬⊦≺Ἦ⺢䩳㕡⎹炻䃞⼴ℵ冯悐 Ⱄ㹅忂炻㽨⊝℞㚵晄䣁⼴炻䌚⼿悐Ⱄ䘬娵⎴冯⋼≑ˤ 䵄⎰ᶲ徘⬠侭䘬奨溆炻柀⮶⎗婒㗗䣦㚫忳ἄ㪲≃䘬ᶨ䧖㬟䦳炻Ṏḇ⎗婒㗗柀⮶ 侭忳䓐㈨ⶏ冯⛀橼ㆸ⒉ṌḺἄ䓐䘬埴䁢堐䎦ˤ⚈㬌炻㛔䞼䨞⮯柀⮶䘬シ佑䓴⭂䁢烉 ⛐䳬䷼ᷕ炻柀⮶侭䘤㎖℞⼙枧≃╂崟ㆸ⒉≽㨇⍲冯℞Ṿㆸ⒉䘬Ḻ≽炻≽⒉⎬䧖屯㸸 Ὣ忚䳬䷼䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸ炻ẍ⍲㺧嵛ㆸ⒉暨㯪䘬ᶨ䧖䣦㚫㬟䦳ˤ 炷Ḵ炸㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢シ㵝冯朊⎹ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷1992炸㊯↢炻㚱⾶㧋䘬㟉攟⯙㚫㚱⾶㧋䘬⬠㟉炻㟉攟䁢⬠㟉䘬曰櫪Ṣ 䈑ˤ⬠㟉㔁做䘬⤥⢆炻㟉攟㈖㺼Ḯ㤝慵天䘬奺刚炻ḇ⼙枧Ḯ㔁借⒉ⶍẍ⍲⬠䓇䘬埴 䁢堐䎦炷Jonathan, Philip, & Henry, 2010炸ˤFiedler 娵䁢炻柀⮶埴䁢炷leadership behavior炸冯柀⮶✳⺷炷leadership style炸㗗㚱⋨⇍䘬ˤ柀⮶埴䁢㗗堐䣢柀⮶侭⛐㊯ ㎖㍏⇞⛀橼ㆸ⒉䘬ⶍἄ㗪炻堐䎦↢䘬䈡㬲埴䁢炷昛ㄞ䐆炻1995炸炻ἳ⤪嗽䎮⭞攟 ⍫冯㔁做ḳ⊁ˣ⍫冯䣦⋨㳣≽㳣䴉⬠㟉冯䣦⋨斄Ὢ䫱ἄ䁢炷Epstein, 1987炸ˤ 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢Ὢ㊯㟉攟⛐㊯㎖⬠㟉㍏⇞⬠㟉ㆸ⒉ⶍἄ㗪炻堐䎦䘬䈡㬲埴䁢 炷⏛≩䓓炻2006炸ˤ㟡㒂 Robinso 䫱Ṣ炷2008炸➟埴䘬㟉攟柀⮶⼊⺷⼴姕↮㜸䞼䨞炻 㬠䲵↢䞼䨞ᷕ柀⮶埴䁢㘖念↢䎦䘬Ḽ䧖枭䚖炻↮⇍䁢⺢䩳䚖㧁冯㛇㛃ˣ䫾䔍⿏⛘忳 䓐屯㸸ˣ妰䔓⋼婧⍲姽揹婚䦳冯㔁⬠ˣὫ忚᷎⍫冯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺冯䘤⯽ẍ⍲䡢ᾅ㚱 䦑⸷⍲㓗㊩⿏䘬䑘⠫ˤ⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞䓴⭂㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䘬シ㵝䁢烉㟉攟⛐⬠㟉ね⠫ᷕ炻 䁢忼ㆸ⬠㟉䚖㧁炻忳䓐柀⮶㈨埻炻䘤㎖⋼婧傥≃炻Ὣ忚⬠㟉⎴ṩ⼤㬌⎰ἄ炻堐䎦 ↢Ἦ⛐㔁⬠冯埴㓧ᶲ⎗℟橼㍷徘䘬䈡㬲埴䁢ˤ Yukl炷1998炸Ṏ㊯↢埴䁢Ⰼ朊冯㐀天婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉1. ả⊁⮶⎹埴䁢烉⊭㊔慸㶭奺 刚ˣ夷∫冯⬱㌺⮎ἄ⍲䚋䜋䳬䷼≇傥䘬埴䁢ˤ2. 斄Ὢ⮶⎹埴䁢烉⊭㊔㓗㊩ˣ䘤⯽ˣ 娵⎗ˣ媖娊⍲䭉䎮堅䨩ˤ3. 嬲朑⮶⎹埴䁢烉⊭㊔娛㞍冯娖慳䳬䷼䘬⢾悐ḳẞˣ㖶䡢 䘬昛徘ᶨᾳ℟⏠⺽≃䘬栀㘗ˣ㍸↢㓡朑䘬㕡㟰ˣ⮳㯪嬲朑ẍ⍲∝忈ᶨᾳ倗䚇⛀橼ẍ 㓗㊩冯➟埴嬲朑ˤ
ả⊁⮶⎹⇯㗗⻟婧Έ⮶Ⰼ朊ᷕ䚋䜋䘬悐↮炻ἳ⤪烉Michigan State University 柀⮶ 䎮婾䘬ˬㆸ㝄⍾⎹˭䈡⇍⻟婧ⶍἄ妰䔓䘬䞼⭂冯➟埴䘬䦳⸷炻⛐忁㕡朊≈ẍ䚋䜋炷䦎 ⣊佌炻2006炸ˤ⛐忁Ⰼ朊柀⮶埴䁢Ⰼ朊䓴⭂䁢Έ⮶䚋䜋䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻シ㊯㟉攟⋨↮ 㛔幓冯ㆸ⒉攻䘬㪲屔斄Ὢ炻姕䩳䳬䷼✳ンˣ⺢䩳㹅忂䭉忻ˣ妪⭂彎ḳ䦳⸷冯㕡㱽炻 ㊯䣢㖶䡢䘬埴≽䫾䔍᷎䚋䜋㳩䦳䘬忚埴炻ẍ忼ㆸ⬠㟉䳬䷼䚖㧁ˤ
㊩⮶⎹䘬柀⮶埴䁢塓㍸⍲炷䦎⣊佌炻2006炸ˤ⛐忁㕡朊ᶵ㗗⎒㚱斄㆟炻怬天㑩㚱㓗㊩ ㆸ⒉䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻㓭⮯℞䓴⭂䁢斄㆟㓗㊩䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻㬌斄㆟㓗㊩䘬柀⮶埴䁢シ㊯ 㟉攟⛐⬠㟉䘬ね⠫ᷕ炻堐䎦↢⍳婤ˣᾉảˣ⮲慵ˣ奒↯ˣ斄⽫ˣ㹓㘾䫱埴䁢炻⛐ㆸ ⒉暨天⋼≑㗪䴎Ḱ㓗㊩⋼≑炻Ὣ忚ㆸ⒉ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻㚱⇑㕤⛀昲⎰ἄ⺢䩳⬠㟉 䳬䷼ℙ嬀ˤ 㬌⢾炻㪲嬲䎮婾䘬⬠侭Ᾱḇ㊯↢㟉攟ㅱὅ㒂ね⠫侴⮵婧㔜柀⮶埴䁢炻ẍ䚖⇵䑘 ⠫嬲⊾⾓忇䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ḇ天怑ㅱ䑘⠫侴㚱㓡嬲炻ℵ≈ᶲ㔁做䚠斄㓧 䫾䘬㓡嬲ˣ㟉攟怜怠⇞⹎䘬堅㑲ˣ⭞攟㚫冯㔁ⷓ㚫⍫冯㟉⊁炻⬠㟉㔜橼䑘⠫䴻㚱 㓡嬲炻㟉攟ḇ娚㑩㚱怑ㅱ嬲朑䘬埴䁢堐䎦炻⤪ỽ⎴⊾冯婧怑炻忚侴怑ㅱ㬌䉨㱩炻 嬻㟉⊁䘤⯽枮⇑忚埴炻忚侴⯽䎦↢㟉攟䘬柀⮶傥≃炻Ṏ䁢䚠䔞斄挝䘬⚈䳈炷Owens, 1981炸ˤ 㟡㒂 Yukl炷1998炸㍸↢䘬柀⮶埴䁢朊⎹ẍ⍲䚠斄䞼䨞侭㍸↢䘬䚳㱽炻䓴⭂㛔䞼 䨞䘬㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䘬朊⎹䁢烉 1. 斄㆟㓗㊩䘬朊⎹烉㟉攟⛐⬠㟉䘬ね⠫ᷕ炻堐䎦↢⍳婤ˣᾉảˣ⮲慵ˣ奒↯ˣ斄⽫ˣ 㹓㘾䫱埴䁢炻⛐ㆸ⒉暨天⋼≑㗪䴎Ḱ㓗㊩⋼≑炻Ὣ忚ㆸ⒉ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻㚱⇑㕤 ⛀昲⎰ἄ⺢䩳⬠㟉䳬䷼ℙ嬀ˤ 2. Έ⮶䚋䜋䘬朊⎹烉㟉攟⋨↮㛔幓冯ㆸ⒉攻䘬㪲屔斄Ὢ炻姕䩳䳬䷼✳ン炻⺢䩳㹅忂 䭉忻炻妪⭂彎ḳ䦳⸷冯㕡㱽炻㊯䣢㖶䡢䘬埴≽䫾䔍᷎䚋䜋㳩䦳䘬忚埴炻ẍ忼ㆸ⬠ 㟉䳬䷼䚖㧁ˤ 3. 怑ㅱ嬲朑䘬朊⎹烉㟉攟⽭枰ẍ攳㓦䘬⽫ン炻㳆⮇冯娖慳䳬䷼䘬⢾悐ḳẞˣ㖶䡢䘬 昛徘ᶨᾳ℟⏠⺽≃䘬栀㘗ˣ㍸↢㓡朑䘬㕡㟰ˣ⮳㯪嬲朑ẍ⍲冯⇑⭛⛀橼䚠Ḻ⎰ἄ ẍ㓗㊩冯➟埴嬲朑䘬埴䁢炻⮵ℏ冯㔁借⒉ⶍ⃭↮㹅忂⺢䩳Ḻ≑⎰ἄ斄Ὢ炻⮵⢾冯 ⭞攟ˣ䣦⋨℔䛦ˣ⨺橼ˣᷣ䭉埴㓧㨇斄⺢䩳暁⎹㹅忂䭉忂炻⟙⏲㟉ℏ忳ἄ䉨㱩 ㆸ㓰炻ẍ⡆≈暁㕡Ḻ≽炻⡆忚⼤㬌⚆棳䫱埴䁢䘬忳ἄ炻⡆≈℔䛦⮵⬠㟉䘬䝕妋 堐䎦↢䘬柀⮶埴䁢ˤ ⛐⮵㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢忚埴㤪⾝⊾㗪炻㍉䓐 Yukl炷1998炸㍸↢䘬柀⮶埴䁢朊⎹ẍ⍲ 䚠斄䞼䨞侭㍸↢䘬䚳㱽ˤ℞䚳㱽㎕䣢㟉攟暨天叿慵⛐斄㆟㓗㊩ˣΈ⮶䚋䜋ẍ⍲怑ㅱ 嬲朑䫱朊⎹炻⽆䈡岒婾ˣ埴䁢婾ˣね⠫婾⇘䎦⛐䘬廱✳柀⮶䫱㕘⺷䘬柀⮶䎮婾炻柀 ⮶䘬䚠斄䎮婾ḇ⚈䁢㗪ẋ䘬嵐⊊炻侴㚱ⶖ䔘嬲⊾ˤ䃞侴炻䃉婾㗗⛐䈡岒婾ᷕ䘬 ⻟婧柀⮶侭䘬ᾳṢ桐㟤炻埴䁢婾ᷕᷣ⻝柀⮶侭䘬埴䁢㧉⺷炻ね⠫婾ᷕ䘬柀⮶枰夾ね ⠫婧㔜ẍ⍲廱✳柀⮶䘬溻准ㆸ⒉≽㨇炻ἧ℞冒ㆹ⮎䎦炻侴崭崲⍇⃰䘬枸㛇堐䎦炷䦎 ⣊佌炻2006炸ˤ℞ℏ⭡⛯⎗塓斄㆟㓗㊩ˣΈ⮶䚋䜋ẍ⍲怑ㅱ嬲朑㵝㊔炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞
㍉䓐㬌奨溆≈ẍ↮㜸ˤ 炷ᶱ炸⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃シ㵝冯朊⎹ ⏛慹楁炷2000炸娵䁢⬠㟉䳬䷼ᷫ㗗ᶨ佌Ṣ䁢傥忼ㆸ㔁做䚖㧁炻啱䓙ㆸ⒉⼤㬌㪲 屔䘬↮惵冯Ⰼ䳂䘬䳸㥳炻㥳ㆸ䘬㚱㨇橼烊⯌㚱忚侭炻娚㚱㨇橼㚫晐叿㗪ẋ⍲䑘⠫ 㓡嬲侴忚埴婧怑炻㬋䡢ᶼ㚱㓰䌯䘬忼ㆸ℞ả⊁炷⏛㶭Ⱉˣ㜿⣑䣸炻2003炸ˤ 䫾䔍䘬⿅侫᷎ᶵ⚘暋炻Ữ䫾䔍㒔⭂⼴炻㚜⣏䘬⚘暋⹎㗗⛐㕤傥⏎➟埴ˤ⚆忶柕 Ἦ゛炻䫾䔍⿅侫⼰⭡㖻炻傥⏎➟埴≃ㇵ㗗⚘暋䘬炻⤪ỽ㈲奨⾝廱㎃ㆸ⮎橼忳ἄ䘬㨇 ⇞炻ㇵ㗗ㆸ≇䘬斄挝⛐炷⣑ᶳ暄娴䶐廗悐炻2006炸ˤ䃉婾㗗⣂湤⬴伶䘬㰢䫾炻劍㗗 㰺㚱侫ㄖ⇘➟埴暨䘬屯㸸冯➟埴侭䘬傥≃炻悥⮯句⼿㴖㱁⺢⟼炻暋ẍㆸḳ炷叱⋉ 㗪炻2006炸ˤ㸗⟗炷2005炸⯙㊯↢炻䳬䷼暨天∝忈≃冯➟埴≃㕡傥㍸檀䪞䇕≃炻侴⤪ ỽ䴻䆇⬠㟉炻ἧ⬠㟉℟㚱䪞䇕≃⇯ẘ岜柀⮶侭䘬㘢ㄏˤ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃Ὢ㊯⛐⬠㟉 䘬ね⠫ᷕ炻⬠㟉柀⮶侭ˣ埴㓧Ṣ⒉冯㔁ⷓ⚈ㅱ⬠㟉ℏ⢾悐䑘⠫炻夷∫怑⎰⬠㟉䳬䷼ 䈡⿏冯傥≃䘬⎗➟埴䫾䔍炻⛐⬠䓇䘬惵⎰ˣ⭞攟䣦⋨䘬㓗㊩ẍ⍲ᷣ奨㔁做㨇㥳䘬 ⋼≑ᶳ炻啱䓙ᶨ忋ᷚ䘬䫾䔍➟埴炻庼ẍ⼴临徥希炻忚侴ℙ⎴忼⇘⬠㟉䳬䷼攟䦳ˣᷕ 䦳ˣ䞕䦳䚖㧁䘬堐䎦忶䦳ˤ 斄㕤➟埴≃炻㔜⎰⻝ㄞ⊛炷2004炸㸗⟗炷2005炸䘬゛㱽Ὢ㊯娵䁢㗗㊯德忶㚱 䲨⼳䘬䳬䷼⛀昲⮯㓧䫾Ẁ媠⮎㕥炻㚱䲣䴙䘬⬴ㆸả⊁ㆾ⽡⸽句⮎䳬䷼䚖㧁䘬ᶨ⣿埴 ≽炻ᶼ⛐埴≽ᷕ䫎⎰屔ảˣ㥖嬥ˣ嫁嘃ˣ斄ッ冯⛀橼䲨⼳䘬䎮⾝ˤ䵄⎰ẍᶲ婾徘炻 㛔䞼䨞䓴⭂➟埴≃䁢⬠㟉柀⮶侭ˣ埴㓧Ṣ⒉冯㔁ⷓ⚈ㅱ⬠㟉ℏ⢾悐䑘⠫炻夷∫怑⎰ ⬠㟉䳬䷼䈡⿏冯傥≃䘬⎗➟埴䫾䔍炻⛐⬠䓇䘬惵⎰ˣ⭞攟䣦⋨䘬㓗㊩ẍ⍲ᷣ奨㔁 做㨇㥳䘬⋼≑ᶳ炻啱䓙ᶨ⣿⎰怷廗䘬䲨⼳䲣䴙炻ἧ䳬䷼娵㶭䎦⮎䉨㱩炻⋼≑䫾䔍⽡ ⸽➟埴炻ẍ⬴ㆸ䳬䷼䞕䦳ˣᷕ䦳ˣ攟䦳ả⊁䘬㕡⺷ˤ 斄㕤➟埴≃䘬㟠⽫シ㵝炻ᷣ天㟡㒂 Bossidy 䫱Ṣ⛐˪➟埴≃˫ᶨ㚠ᷕ㍸⍲➟埴≃ 䘬ᶱ枭㟠⽫㳩䦳≈ẍ↮栆炻℞↮⇍䁢Ṣ⒉㳩䦳ˣ䫾䔍㳩䦳ẍ⍲䆇忳㳩䦳ˤ䃞侴炻冯 ➟埴≃㚱䚠䔞斄倗䘬柀⮶Ⰼ朊ˣ栏⭊Ⰼ朊ḇⷠ䓐Ἦ 䁢堉慷➟埴≃䘬㥳朊ᷳᶨ炷䌳 ⤵⢡炻2008炸ˤ䞼䨞侭䵄⎰㬠䲵ẍᶳ炷ὗ㖶岊炻2004烊㞗䡏嗕炻2005烊昛⯂ả炻2004烊 昛䘮㖯炻2005烊昛㠭䍵炻2005烊∱倘岊炻2004烊哉䌱卩炻2007烊哉ㄏ䘣炻2004烊Bossidy & Charan, 2002; Lawrence, 1999; Zagotta & Robinson, 2002炸䫱䞼䨞炻墥ㆸ➟埴≃䚠斄 堉慷Ⰼ朊䴙妰堐炻⤪堐 1ˤ
堐 1 ➟埴≃䚠斄堉慷Ⰼ朊䴙妰 䞼䨞㊯㧁 䞼䨞⬠侭 Ṣ⒉ 㳩䦳 䫾䔍 㳩䦳 䆇忳 㳩䦳 柀⮶ Ⰼ朊 栏⭊ 㳩䦳 䳬䷼ 㔯⊾ 屯㸸 䭉䎮 屉⊁ 㳩䦳 ⬠佺 ㆸ攟 哉䌱卩炷2007炸 ˖ ˖ 㞗䡏嗕炷2005炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ 昛㠭䍵炷2005炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ 昛䘮㖯炷2005炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ 哉ㄏ䘣炷2004炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ὗ㖶岊炷2004炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ 昛⯂ả炷2004炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ∱倘岊炷2004炸 ˖ ˖ ˖
Bossidy & Charan炷2002炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ Lawrence炷1999炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ Zagotta & Robinson
炷2002炸 ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ˖ ἧ䓐㫉㔠 9 8 7 4 5 3 2 3 2 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮 䓙㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢㗗㛔䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞嬲枭ᷳᶨ炻ẍ⛐⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬Ⰼ朊 ⯙ᶵ 慵䔲ˤ⚈㬌炻⛐㛔䞼䨞⮵⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬Ⰼ朊⋨↮䁢⚃ᾳˤ 1. Ṣ⒉㳩䦳烉⬠㟉䳬䷼Ṣ⒉䘬倀䓐ˣ⋯怟ˣ䋶岆ˣṢ⒉㳩≽䘬ね㱩炻ẍ⍲⬠㟉㔁借 ⒉ⶍ⮰㤕ㆸ攟炻⛐借忚ᾖˣ⬠㟉㔁借⒉ⶍ䘬姽揹䫱ˤ 2. 䫾䔍㳩䦳烉⬠㟉䳬䷼ᷕ䫾䔍䘬⇞⭂ˣ姽Ộˣ㰢䫾ˣ⒉ⶍ䘬⍫冯䦳⹎ˣᷣ䭉䘬⍫冯 ⹎ˣẍ⍲䫾䔍䘬➟埴䦳⹎ˤ 3. 䆇忳㳩䦳烉屯㸸↮惵䉨㱩ˣ枸䬿䶐㌺ˣ⬠㟉䘬攟䦳ˣᷕ䦳ˣ䞕䦳妰䔓⇞⭂ˣ➟埴 ⼴临徥希䘬ね㱩炻⛀昲䘬㹅忂⋼婧䉨㱩ˣ⮵⬠㟉䆇忳䉨㱩䘬䝕妋ˤ 4. 栏⭊㳩䦳烉⬠䓇ˣ⭞攟ˣᶲ䳂ᷣ䭉㔁做㨇斄ˣ䣦⋨ㆸ⒉䫱炻ㆾ㗗℞Ṿ⇑⭛斄ὪṢ炻 悥 䁢⬠㟉䘬栏⭊炻栏⭊⮵㕤⬠㟉堐䎦䴎Ḱ䘬姽₡炻㗗⬠㟉栏⭊㳩䦳䴻䆇䘬慵溆ˤ ⛐㔜䎮⬴ᶲ徘㔯䌣⍲㬠䲵⣂ỵ䞼䨞侭䘬婾溆⼴炻㛔䞼䨞䓴⭂⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬 シ㵝䁢烉⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㗗⛐⬠㟉䘬ね⠫ᷕ炻⬠㟉柀⮶侭ˣ埴㓧Ṣ⒉ˣ㔁ⷓ⚈ㅱ⬠ 㟉ℏ⢾悐䑘⠫炻夷∫怑⎰⬠㟉䳬䷼䈡⿏冯傥≃䘬⎗➟埴䫾䔍炻⛐⬠䓇䘬惵⎰ẍ⍲⛐
⭞攟䣦⋨䘬㓗㊩ᶳ炻啱䓙ᶨ忋ᷚ䘬䲨⼳䲣䴙⽡⸽➟埴炻庼ẍ⼴临徥希炻忚侴ℙ⎴ 忼⇘⬠㟉䳬䷼攟䦳ˣᷕ䦳ˣ䞕䦳䚖㧁䘬⮎岒堐䎦ˤ
ΠȃਮߝሴᏲ࣏ᇄಢᙑஈΨҺϣᜰ߽ġ
炷ᶨ炸㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⼙枧䳬䷼➟埴≃ 㟉攟䘬柀⮶埴䁢⮵⬠㟉䳬䷼ℏ悐㚱ᶨ⭂䦳⹎䘬⼙枧炻℞ᷕ䘬嬲枭⊭⏓Ḯ冯䳬䷼ 㚱斄䘬嬲枭炻ἳ⤪烉䳬䷼㔯⊾ˣ䳬䷼㈧媦ˣ柀⮶㓰傥ㆾ⬠㟉㟉傥ˣ䳬䷼㯋㯃烊冯㔁 ⷓ㚱斄䘬嬲枭炻ἳ⤪烉㔁ⷓⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ˣ㔁ⷓ岎㪲⡆傥ˣ堅䨩䭉䎮ˣⶍἄ㈽ℍ冯䓇 㵗䘤⯽䫱炷叱忋䤢炻2008炸ˤ㬌⢾炻㟡㒂㜿⚻⿉炷2004炸ẍ⍲哉⬇₺炷2004炸䘬䞼䨞 䘤䎦炻㟉攟䘬柀⮶埴䁢傥㚱㓰枸㷔⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬➟埴≃炻᷎㊯↢ℑ侭攻㚱㬋䚠斄ˤ Έ⮶ˣ斄㆟ᷳ暁Ⰼ朊䘬柀⮶䎮婾㗗䞼䨞柀⮶埴䁢ⷠ䓐䘬䎮婾ὅ㒂炻ḇ㚱姙⣂㕘 冰䎮婾㗗ẍ㬌暁Ⰼ朊䎮婾䁢➢䢶䘤⯽↢Ἦ炷嫅㔯ℐ炻2007炸ˤᶵ忶グἮグ⣂⃫䘬䣦㚫炻 柀⮶埴䁢䘬䎮婾ḇグ嵐䘤⯽炻⚈㬌斄㕤柀⮶埴䁢䘬朊⎹ḇグ嵐嬲⊾ˤ⛐⮎嫱䘬䞼䨞 ᷕ⎗ẍ䚳⇘炻晾䃞㚱⣂㔠䞼䨞ṵẍΈ⮶斄㆟䁢ᷣ㳩炻Ữ㗗ḇ⎗ẍ䚳⇘㚜⣂ᶵ⎴䘬Ⰼ 朊↮栆炷䦎⣊佌炻2006炸ˤ ⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞炻圵⎰ḮΈ⮶斄㆟ℑᾳ⚈⫸炻ℵ≈ℍ嬲朑柀⮶埴䁢炻ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬 㥳朊↮栆炻ẍ⚳⮷㔁借Ṣ⒉䁢⮵尉炻德忶⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䘬柀⮶埴䁢⍲⬠㟉 䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬⮎晃䉨㱩炻ẍ䝕妋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䈡岒炻᷎↮㜸㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢 ⮵⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬⼙枧ˤ⚈㬌炻㟡㒂ᶲ徘䞼䨞↮㜸炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢`姕ᶨ烉 H1烉㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⮵䳬䷼➟埴≃㚱㬋⎹斄Ὢ䘬⼙枧ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䳬䷼➟埴≃⼙枧㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢叱㵹⨟炷2006炸ẍ⍲哉⬇₺炷2004炸䘮㊯↢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉埴㓧➟埴≃㚱 栗叿䚠斄ˤ侴叱㵹⨟炷2006炸䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢栆✳⛐⬠㟉埴㓧➟埴≃⎬ 㥳朊攻㚱栗叿ⶖ䔘ᶼ㚱䚠斄ˤᶼṎ㚱↢䎦⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㚫⼙枧㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ᷳ䞼 䨞炷昛⺢㜙炻2004烊Timmerman, 2010炸炻℞䘤䎦䳬䷼⮎㕥䘬䫾䔍ẍ⍲➟埴妰䔓䘬㕡 ⺷⮯㚫⼙枧柀⮶侭䘬柀⮶㧉⺷ˤ㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉➟埴≃攻㚱䚠斄⬀⛐炻ᶼ㚱 䞼䨞侭娵䁢䳬䷼➟埴≃傥⼙枧㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢炻Ữṵ䃞暨天㚜⣂䞼䨞≈ẍỸ嫱炻᷎⮵ ℞⚈㝄斄Ὢ≈ẍ䡢娵ˤ⚈㬌炻㟡㒂ᶲ徘䞼䨞↮㜸炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢`姕Ḵ烉 H2烉䳬䷼➟埴≃⮵㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢㚱㬋⎹斄Ὢ䘬⼙枧ˤ
㟡㒂⚳ℏ⢾⮎嫱䞼䨞㔯䌣炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯䳬䷼➟埴≃斄Ὢἄ䓐ᷳ 䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷炻䵄⎰⚳ℏ⢾㔯䌣㍊妶炻㍸↢ℑ䧖⎗傥䘬䳬⎰㧉⺷炻⤪⚾ 1 冯⚾ 2ˤ 㟉攟柀⮶ 埴䁢 ⬠㟉䳬䷼ ➟埴≃ 斄㆟㓗㊩ Έ⮶䚋䜋 怑ㅱ嬲朑 Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 䫾䔍㳩䦳 䆇忳㳩䦳 栏⭊㳩䦳 ȪIJ Ȫij ȪĴ Ȫĵ ȪĶ Ȫķ Ȫĸ ȣIJ ȣij ġġġġġȤIJ ġġȤĴ ġȤĵ ġġġȢ ȣĴ ġġȤij ⚾ 1 㧉✳ᶨ`姕Ộ妰⚾ ⬠㟉䳬䷼ ➟埴≃ 㟉攟柀⮶ 埴䁢 Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 䫾䔍㳩䦳 䆇忳㳩䦳 栏⭊㳩䦳 斄㆟㓗㊩ Έ⮶䚋䜋 怑ㅱ嬲朑 ȣIJ ȣij ȣĴ ġġȤIJ ġġȤij ġġȤĴ Ȣ ȪIJ Ȫij ȪĴ Ȫĵ ȪĶ Ȫķ Ȫĸ ȣĵ ⚾ 2 㧉✳Ḵ`姕Ộ妰⚾
ȃंـПݲġ
Ιȃंـᄇຫġ
㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天ẍ⋿㈽䷋ 149 ℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠䘬ᷳℤ埴㓧借䘬㔁ⷓ炷⏓ᷣảˣ䳬攟炸ˣ 㛒ℤ埴㓧借䘬㔁ⷓ炷䳂ảˣ䥹ả炸炻䁢䞼䨞⮵尉ˤὅ㔁做悐䴙妰嗽⼁䶐ᷳˬḅ⋩ℕ⬠ ⸜⹎⎬䳂⬠㟉㔠↮ⶫ㤪㱩˭炷㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炻2007炸炻⋿㈽䷋℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠炷⋿㈽ⶪ 16 ˣ❼慴捖 14 ˣ勱Ⱇ捖 14 ˣ䪡Ⱉ捖 13 ˣ普普捖 5 ˣ⎵攻悱 8 ˣ渧察 悱 9 ˣᷕ悱 10 ˣ欂㰈悱 9 ˣ⚳⥻悱 10 ˣ㯜慴悱 9 ˣᾉ佑悱 17 ˣṩ ッ悱 15 炸ℙ妰䁢 149 ˤ 䁢傥⣈䡢⮎⍵㗈㭵佌橼↮惵ᷳ䳸㥳炻㛔䞼䨞⮯⬠㟉夷㧉⋨↮ 25 䎕ẍᶲˣ7~24 䎕ˣ6 䎕ẍᶳᶱᾳ栆✳炻ὅ䄏ˬ⋿㈽䷋⎬悱捖ᶵ⎴夷㧉⬠㟉㔠慷Ỽ⋿㈽䷋⬠㟉䷥㔠ᷳ 䘦↮㭼˭炻ἄ䁢㭼ἳ↮Ⰼ㉥㧋䘬ὅ⽒ˤὅẍᶲ⍇⇯炻ℙ䘤↢⓷⌟ 876 ấˤ㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟ ⚆㓞 630 ấ炻㚱㓰㧋㛔 619 ấ炻⎗䓐䌯䁢 70.66%ˤΠȃᡐޟᒋ໔ȹȹȶਮߝሴᏲ࣏ᇄᏰਮಢᙑஈΨ፡ࢥ୰ڢȷġ
ˬ㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢˭㬌㥳⾝䘬䞼䨞ⶍ℟Ὢ䓙䞼䨞侭⍫侫䚠斄㔯䌣炷⏛㶭Ⱉ炻1992烊 昛ㄞ䐆炻1995烊Epstein, 1987炸䶐墥侴ㆸ炻婧㞍⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⮵㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䘬䎦㱩 䞍奢ね⼊ˤ侴ˬ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃˭㬌㥳⾝䘬䞼䨞ⶍ℟Ṏ䓙䞼䨞侭⍫侫䚠斄㔯䌣炷ὗ 㖶岊炻2004烊㞗䡏嗕炻2005烊昛⯂ả炻2004烊昛䘮㖯炻2005烊昛㠭䍵炻2005烊∱倘 岊炻2004烊哉䌱卩炻2007烊哉ㄏ䘣炻2004烊Bossidy & Charan, 2002; Lawrence, 1999; Zagotta & Robinson, 2002炸䶐墥侴ㆸ炻婧㞍⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⮵⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬䎦㱩䞍 奢ね⼊炻ẍᶲ⛯ὅ⎴シ䦳⹎㍉ Likert ⚃溆慷堐妰↮㕡⺷ˤ 㬌悐↮䘬䞼䨞ⶍ℟⇅䧧怨婳 12 ỵ⮰⭞⬠侭忚埴ℏ⭡㓰⹎ᷳ㩊⭂⼴ᾖ㬋炻ℵ䴻㬋 ⺷⓷⌟⚆㓞⼴炻忚埴⚈䳈↮㜸ˤ⚈⎬䞼䨞ⶍ℟⛯℟䌐䈡⿏炻㓭憅⮵⎬嬲枭㍉⍾ᷣㆸ ↮↮㜸㱽ˣ䈡⽝ῤ⣏㕤 1炻ẍ⍲㬋Ṍ廱庠䫱㕡㱽忚埴䴙妰↮㜸炻℞⚈䳈↮㜸冯ℏ悐ᶨ 农⿏↮㜸炷α Ὢ㔠炸⤪堐 2 䣢炻⎗夳㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟℟㚱列⤥ᷳᾉ㓰⹎炻傥㚱㓰㷔慷↢ 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ˤ堐 2 ⶍ℟ᷳᾉ㓰⹎↮㜸 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢婧㞍⓷⌟ 柴㔠 䈡⽝ῤ ⚈䳈屈匟慷 妋慳嬲䔘慷 α Ὢ㔠 斄㆟㓗㊩ 14 13.33 .41~.75 40.39% .94 Έ⮶䚋䜋 6 2.93 .36~.72 8.88% 怑ㅱ嬲朑 13 1.56 .36~.67 8.90% ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃婧㞍⓷⌟ Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 10 14.72 .65~.84 40.28% .95 䫾䔍㳩䦳 11 1.91 .63~.73 5.46% 䆇忳㳩䦳 4 1.54 .35~.81 4.40% 栏⭊㳩䦳 10 1.29 .36~.76 3.69%
έȃၥਟϷݙПݲġ
㛔䞼䨞㟡㒂䞼䨞䚖䘬ˣ䞼䨞`姕冯屯㕁✳ン炻᷎ẍ SPSS ẍ⍲ LISREL 䴙妰⣿墅 庇橼 䁢↮㜸ⶍ℟炻忚埴↮㜸嗽䎮烉 炷ᶨ炸䚠斄↮㜸 㬌䞼䨞忳䓐 Pearson 䧵ⶖ䚠斄Ἦ忚埴炻槿嫱⠓䫼侭⮵㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ẍ⍲⬠㟉䳬 ䷼➟埴≃攻㗗⏎℟㚱栗叿䘬䚠斄ˤ炷Ḵ炸䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷炷structural equation modeling, SEM炸
㛔䞼䨞㍉ SEM炷LISREL 8.8 䇰⣿墅庇橼炸忚埴侫槿冒嬲枭冯ὅ嬲枭䘬㔜橼斄Ὢ炻 啱ẍ 䁢㩊槿䞼䨞`姕㧉✳㗗⏎ㆸ䩳ˤSEM 䳸㥳㧉⺷ᷳ怑惵⹎姽揹㊯㧁Ὢ㍉怑惵⹎ ㊯㔠炷goodness-of-fit, GFI炸ˣ婧㔜⼴怑⎰⹎㊯㔠炷adjusted goodness-of-fit, AGFI炸ˣ㭼 庫怑惵⹎㊯㔠炷comparative fit index, CFI炸ˣ㧁㸾⊾㭀ⶖ⛯㕡㟡炷standardized root mean square residual, SRMR炸ˣ朆夷䭬⿏怑惵㊯㧁(non-normed fit index, NNFI)ˣ㻠忚婌ⶖ⛯ 㕡㟡炷root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA炸ẍ⍲夷䭬⌉㕡炷normed chi-square炸ˤ
⬠侭忂ⷠ⺢嬘 GFIˣAGFIˣCFI 冯 NNFI 天⣏㕤.90ˣRMSEA ẍ⍲ SRMR ῤ䫱 㕤ㆾ⮷㕤.08ˣnormed chi-square ῤㅱṳ㕤 1.0 军 3.0 ᷳ攻䁢列⤥ㆾ㗗⎗㍍⍿䘬怑惵炻
㔜橼㧉⺷⎗塓㍍⍿炷恙䘻㓧炻2003烊湫剛所炻2004烊Bentler, 1982; McDonald & Marsh, 1990炸ˤ
ѲȃওႺġ
䔞⍫㔠Ộ妰㊯㧁䳸㝄ᶵ⤪䎮゛炻ḇ⯙㗗䎮婾㧉✳冯吸普䘬屯㕁㛒傥⬴㔜怑惵 㗪炻⛐ᶵ⼙枧䎮婾⃰槿⿏䘬⍇⇯炻ẍ⍲㚱〘䔞䘬婒㖶ᷳᶳ炻㛔䞼䨞⮯忚埴㧉✳ᾖ梦 炷model retrimming炸炻忳䓐 LISREL ㍸ὃ䘬ᾖ㬋㊯㧁炷modification index, MI炸炻ἄ 䁢⍫㔠⡆⇒ᷳ⍫侫⍇⇯ˤ
ဓȃंـ๖ݎϷݙЅଆ፣ġ
ὅ㒂㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䚖䘬冯䞼䨞姕妰炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㗗ẍᾳṢ䘬奨 溆䁢ᷣ炻䓙㔁ⷓ⛀橼䘬⠓䫼姽Ộ㟉攟䘬柀⮶傥≃ẍ⍲⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ˤ㛔䞼䨞ᷳ⓷ ⌟婧㞍↮ㆸℑᾳ悐↮忚埴炻椾⃰↮㜸㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䎦㱩炻ᷳ⼴㩊 槿㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䚠斄ね⼊炻㚨⼴⮵䎮婾㧉⺷忚埴怑惵⹎侫槿炻᷎ 㭼⮵䴙妰↮㜸䘬䳸㝄炻勚⮯䳸㝄↮㜸⍲䚠斄妶婾㔀徘⤪ᶳˤΙȃਮߝሴᏲ࣏ᇄᏰਮಢᙑஈΨ౪ݷϷݙġ
ὅ㛔䞼䨞ẍ㛶䈡炷Likert Type炸䷥姽⭂ᷳ⚃溆慷堐炻德忶㫉㔠↮惵炻↮⇍䓴 ⭂↢㛔⓷⌟婧㞍䳸㝄ᷳ⼿↮⋨↮䁢⚃䳬烉⸛⛯㔠 2.82 ẍᶳ䁢Ỷ䦳⹎炻2.82~3.00 䁢ᷕ Ỷ䦳⹎炻3.00~3.33 䁢ᷕ檀䦳⹎炻3.33 ẍᶲ侭䁢檀䦳⹎ˤ 䓙㬌⎗䘤䎦ˬ斄㆟㓗㊩˭⍲ˬΈ⮶䚋䜋˭ℑᾳⰌ朊䘬㭷柴⸛⛯ῤ悥ṳ㕤 3.00~3.33 ↮ᷳ攻炻栗䣢⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⮵㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䘬䞍奢⛐㬌ᶱⰌ朊䁢ᷕ檀䦳⹎烊侴ˬ怑 ㅱ嬲朑˭Ⰼ朊⇯ṳ㕤㭷柴⸛⛯⼿↮䁢 2.82炻栗䣢䁢ᷕỶ䦳⹎烊⎎⢾炻⯙㔜橼㟉攟柀 ⮶埴䁢Ⰼ朊侴妨炻㭷柴⸛⛯⼿↮䁢 3.03 ↮炻⛐⚃溆慷堐ᷕⰔ㕤ᷕ檀䦳⹎ˤ ⛐⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㕡朊炻⎗䘤䎦ˬ䫾䔍㳩䦳˭ˣˬ栏⭊㳩䦳˭ḴᾳⰌ朊䘬㭷柴⸛ ⛯ῤṳ㕤 2.94~3.09 㗗䁢ᷕ檀䦳⹎烊⎎⢾炻⛐ˬṢ⒉㳩䦳˭ˣˬ䆇忳㳩䦳˭ḴᾳⰌ朊䘬 㭷柴⸛⛯ῤṳ㕤 2.71~2.94炻㗗䁢ᷕỶ䦳⹎ˤ 䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗傥㗗⬠㟉⛐㕤Ṣㇵ䘬怠㑯➡做ṵẍ㔁做䔞⯨䁢ᷣ天Ἦ㸸炻侴ᶵ 㗗⬠㟉冒埴怠㑯烊ẍ⍲⬠㟉ᷳ枸䬿䶐↿ᶲ䁢Ⱄ㕤⬠㟉冒ᷣ䭬⚵炻⼴临ᷳ姽Ộ徥希䘬䆇忳䉨㱩炻⯂ᶵ⣈⬴┬炻ẍ⛐ˬ䆇忳㳩䦳˭㕡朊栗䣢庫⻙ˤ侴⯙㔜橼⬠㟉䳬䷼➟ 埴≃Ⰼ朊侴妨炻㭷柴⸛⛯⼿↮䁢 2.93 ↮炻ṎⰔ㕤ᷕỶ䦳⹎ˤ 堐 3 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䎦㱩ᷳ⸛⛯㔠冯㧁㸾ⶖ㐀天 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢婧㞍⓷⌟ 柴㔠 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ 斄㆟㓗㊩ 14 3.02 .47 Έ⮶䚋䜋 6 3.13 .50 怑ㅱ嬲朑 13 2.82 .43 㔜橼柀⮶埴䁢 33 3.03 .40 ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃婧㞍⓷⌟ 柴㔠 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 10 2.77 .51 䫾䔍㳩䦳 11 3.02 .41 䆇忳㳩䦳 4 2.86 .37 栏⭊㳩䦳 10 3.02 .36 㔜橼⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ 35 2.93 .39
ΠȃਮߝሴᏲ࣏ᇄᏰਮಢᙑஈΨϞࣺᜰלġ
㛔䞼䨞ᷕὅ㛙䴻㖶炷2001炸ᷳ奨溆⮯䚠斄䦳⹎∫↮䁢烉r = 㛒㺧 .20 䁢朆ⷠỶ䚠 斄炻r = .20~ .40 䁢Ỷ⹎䚠斄炻r = .40~㛒㺧 .60 䁢ᷕ⹎䚠斄炻r = .60~㛒㺧 .80 䁢檀⹎ 䚠斄炻r = .80 ẍᶲ䁢朆ⷠ檀䚠斄ˤ䓙ẍᶲ↮㔠⎗䞍炻昌Ḯ䆇忳㳩䦳冯㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢 䘬⎬↮Ⰼ朊冯㔜橼Ⰼ朊ˣṢ⒉㳩䦳冯Έ⮶䚋䜋⏰䎦ᷕ⹎䚠斄ẍ⢾炻℞检⛯⏰䎦檀⹎ 䚠斄ˤ 堐 4 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⎬Ⰼ朊⍲㔜橼ᷳ䚠斄ね⼊ 嬲枭 Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 䫾䔍㳩䦳 䆇忳㳩䦳 栏⭊㳩䦳 㔜橼⬠㟉➟埴≃ 斄㆟㓗㊩ .71点点 .76点点 .42点点 .71点点 .76点点 Έ⮶䚋䜋 .53点点 .63点点 .36点点 .60点点 .62点点 怑ㅱ嬲朑 .60点点 .68点点 .35点点 .63点点 .66点点 㔜橼㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢 .72点点 .79点点 .45点点 .74点点 .79点点 姣烉N=619 点点 p<.01έȃ౩፣Ԓޟᎌ࡙Ճᡛġ
侫槿㧉⺷㊯㧁ᷳ姽揹枭䚖㚱ᶨ⭂ᷳ夷⇯炻⤪ Bollen炷1989炸㊯↢姽揹Ḻ≽㧉⺷ ㊯㧁䘬䚖䘬炻ᷫⶴ㛃⽆⎬㕡朊Ἦ姽揹䎮婾㧉⺷㗗⏎傥妋慳⮎晃奨⮇⼿屯㕁炻⚈㬌 ⭄⍫䄏⣂枭㊯㧁忚埴⎰䎮䘬⇌㕟ˤ㚱斄姽揹Ḻ≽㧉⺷㊯㧁䘬㧁㸾炻Bagozzi 冯 Yi 炷1988炸㊯↢烉ㅱ娚⽆ˬ➢㛔怑惵⹎˭ˣˬ㔜橼㧉⺷怑惵㧁㸾˭ẍ⍲ˬ㧉⺷ℏ⛐䳸㥳 怑惵㧁㸾˭ᶱ㕡朊Ἦ姽揹Ḻ≽㧉⺷ˤ 炷ᶨ炸➢㛔怑惵⹎姽揹!῀劍⛐廠↢䴙妰䘬䳸㝄ᷕ䘤䎦忽䉗Ộ妰䘬䎦尉炻䌚农ᷳ䴙妰Ộ妰⍫㔠㚫䓊䓇 ⓷柴ˤẍᶳᶱ䧖㧁㸾⎗䓐ẍ㩊槿㧉⺷㗗⏎㚱忽䉗Ộ妰䘬ね⼊烉1. 屈䘬婌ⶖ㧁㸾婌烊 2. 㧁㸾⊾Ὢ㔠崭忶ㆾ⣒㍍役 1炷ẍ.96 䁢攨㩣炸烊3. 㚱⣒⣏䘬㧁㸾婌炷湫剛所炻2004炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞㕤㔯䌣㍊妶⼴㍐⮶↢ℑ䧖⎗傥ᷳ㧉✳炻ẍᶳ⏰䎦℞嶗⼹Ὢ㔠⍲℞冯奨⮇嬲枭 䘬 λ ῤˤ 炷Ḵ炸㧉✳ᾖ梦 䴻䓙㧉✳⣹⎰⹎姽揹ᷳ⼴炻䘤䎦`姕㧉✳冯奨⮇屯㕁⣹⎰⹎ᶵ嵛炻⚈㬌⛐㍸ὃ 䚠斄婒㖶䎮䓙ᷳ⼴炻忚埴㧉✳ᾖ梦䘬≽ἄˤ 1. ᾖ㬋㧉⺷ᶨ 䴻䓙 LISREL ㍸ὃᷳ㧉⺷ᾖ梦㊯㔠嶗⼹⚾炻栗䣢⣂㡅嶗⼹ㅱ塓㬠䲵忚㧉✳ᷕˤ ℞ᷕ㷔慷嬲枭ˬΈ⮶䚋䜋˭冯ˬ怑ㅱ嬲朑˭ᷳ攻炻⚈䳈屈匟⍫㔠炷MI = 27.75炸㚨檀炻 䓙怷廗䘬⎰䎮⿏Ἦ婒炻㟉攟⛐➟埴柀⮶埴䁢㗪㚫䚋䜋⬠㟉ㆸ⒉傥⏎℟㚱怑ㅱ⢾⛐䑘 ⠫嬲怟炻侴㓡┬㔁⬠㳣≽䘬゛㱽ㅱ⎗塓㍍⍿炻Ữ㗗῀劍㟉攟シ⚾䓐䚋㍏䘬㕡⺷嬻㔁 ⷓ⼿ẍ䱦忚炻⿸⾽㚫嬻㔁ⷓ㚱屈朊䘬奨デ炻㓭⏰䎦屈䚠斄㚱℞⎰䎮⿏⬀⛐炻⚈㬌䲵 ℍ㬌嶗⼹≈ẍ↮㜸ˤ ⛐↮㜸⼴≈ℍ㬌嶗⼹炻㕘⡆䘬⚈䳈屈匟慷⍫㔠Ộ妰㔠䁢-.13 忼栗叿㯜㸾炷t = -5.63, p<.001炸炻㔜橼㧉⺷⣹⎰⹎ḇ㚱㓡┬炻 = 56.99炻p< .001炻RMSEA= .078炻 ⌉㕡ῤ㓡嬲慷炷df = 1炻p< .001炸炻堐䣢娚⍫㔠䘬⡆≈㚱䴙妰ᶲ䘬シ佑炻㧉⺷⣹⎰⹎ ㊯㧁⤪堐 5ˤ 2 ) 619 (
c
堐 5 㧉⺷ᶨ㔜橼㧉⺷怑惵㧁㸾
䳸㥳㧉⺷ norm chi-square GFI AGFI CFI NNFI RMSEA SRMR 㧉⺷ᾖ㬋⇵ 6.77 .96 .92 .99 .98 .097 .035 㧉⺷ᾖ㬋⼴ 4.75 .97 .94 .99 .99 .078 .025 列⤥/⎗㍍⍿ῤ 1.0~5.0 >.90 >.90 >.90 >.90 <.08 <.08
2. ᾖ㬋㧉⺷Ḵ
䴻䓙 LISREL ㍸ὃᷳ㧉⺷ᾖ梦㊯㔠嶗⼹⚾炻栗䣢⣂㡅嶗⼹ㅱ塓㬠䲵忚㧉✳ᷕˤ ℞ᷕ㷔慷嬲枭ˬΈ⮶䚋䜋˭冯ˬ怑ㅱ嬲朑˭ᷳ攻炻⚈䳈屈匟⍫㔠炷MI = 27.75炸㚨檀炻 䓙怷廗䘬⎰䎮⿏Ἦ婒炻㟉攟⛐➟埴柀⮶埴䁢㗪㚫䚋䜋⬠㟉ㆸ⒉傥⏎℟㚱怑ㅱ⢾⛐䑘 ⠫嬲怟炻侴㓡┬㔁⬠㳣≽䘬゛㱽ㅱ⎗塓㍍⍿炻Ữ㗗῀劍㟉攟シ⚾䓐䚋㍏䘬㕡⺷嬻㔁 ⷓ⼿ẍ䱦忚炻⿸⾽㚫嬻㔁ⷓ㚱屈朊䘬奨デ炻㓭⏰䎦屈䚠斄㚱℞⎰䎮⿏⬀⛐ˤ 堐 6 㧉⺷Ḵ㔜橼㧉⺷怑惵㧁㸾䳸㥳㧉⺷ norm chi-square GFI AGFI CFI NNFI RMSEA SRMR 㧉⺷ᾖ㬋⇵ 6.77 .96 .92 .99 .98 .097 .035 㧉⺷ᾖ㬋⼴ 4.75 .97 .94 .99 .99 .078 .025 列⤥/⎗㍍⍿ῤ 1.0~5.0 >.90 >.90 >.90 >.90 <.08 <.08 Ὢ㓭≈ℍ㬌嶗⼹炻㕘⡆䘬⚈䳈屈匟慷⍫㔠Ộ妰㔠䁢-.13 忼栗叿㯜㸾炷t = -5.63, p< .001炸炻㔜橼㧉⺷⣹⎰⹎ḇ㚱㓡┬炻 = 56.99炻p< .001炻RMSEA= .078炻⌉㕡 ῤ㓡嬲慷炷df = 1炻p< .001炸炻堐䣢娚⍫㔠䘬⡆≈㚱䴙妰ᶲ䘬シ佑炻㧉⺷⣹⎰⹎㊯㧁 ⤪堐 6ˤ 炷ᶱ炸㧉⺷ℏ⛐䳸㥳怑惵㧁㸾姽揹 㟡㒂 Bagozzi 冯 Yi炷1988炸ᷳ⺢嬘炻䳸㥳㧉⺷怑惵⹎㩊槿ᷳ㧁㸾⊭㊔⍫㔠㕡⎹ˣ ⣏⮷⍲ R2 ˤ㛔䞼䨞㚱䳸㥳⍫㔠⛯忼.05 栗叿㯜㸾炷t = 17.90~20.52炸炻ᶼ㕡⎹冯䎮婾 㝞㥳ᶨ农ˤ ⛐ᾖ㬋⼴䘬㧉⺷ᶨᷕ㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬 R2 䁢.66炻侴⛐ᾖ㬋⼴䘬 㧉⺷Ḵᷕ㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬 R2 Ṏ䁢.66炻⛯⣏㕤.50 䘬㧁㸾炻栗䣢㛔 㧉⺷ℏ⛐⑩岒⃒列ˤ⛐㼃⛐嬲枭ᾉ⹎㩊⭂ᶲ炻㩊⭂ῤ㍉䓐㥳⾝ᾉ⹎炷construct 2 ) 619 (
c
reliability炸㩊⭂炻℞ῤ暨⣏㕤.60炻⺢㥳ᾉ⹎㊯㧁ᷳ妰䬿℔⺷⤪ᶳ烉
(
)
(
)
( )
[
å
å
+
å
]
=
q
l
l
r
2 2 c ⣿ℍ妰䬿℔⺷ᷳ⼴炻ᾖ㬋⼴䘬㧉⺷ᶨ炻℞ ρcῤ䁢 .95炻侴ᾖ㬋⼴䘬㧉⺷Ḵ炻℞ ρc ῤṎ䁢 .95炻ℑ侭⛯檀㕤 .60 䘬㧁㸾㔠ῤ炻⎗䞍㛔㧉⺷℟㚱䚠䔞列⤥ᷳ㥳⾝ᾉ⹎ˤ⛐ 㓰⹎悐↮炻⇯㗗㍉䓐倂⎰㓰⹎ẍ⍲⋨⇍㓰⹎姽揹ˤ⛐倂⎰㓰⹎悐↮炻㟡㒂 HairˣBlackˣ BabinˣAnderson 冯 Tatham炷2006炸䘬䚳㱽炻⺢嬘⚈䳈屈匟慷炷λ ῤ炸㚨⤥⣏㕤.50炻 ᶼ℟栗叿㯜㸾ˤ侴⋨⇍㓰⹎䘬㩊槿⇯㗗天㩊槿㥳⾝攻䘬䚠斄㗗⏎⮷㕤.85炻῀劍㥳⾝ 攻䘬䚠斄⮷㕤.85 侭炻⇯⎗嫱⮎㛔䞼䨞ᷳ⚈䳈⎗⋨⇍ˤ℞㩊⭂㕡⺷䁢ᾉ岜⋨攻㩊⭂ 㱽炻⮯䚠斄Ὢ㔠≈㷃 1.96 ᾳ㧁㸾ⶖ炻⤪㝄ᾉ岜⋨攻㛒⊭⏓ 1.00 䘬ῤ炻堐䣢㼃⛐嬲枭 攻℟㚱⋨⇍㓰⹎炻ẍᶳ⮯ᾖ㬋⼴ᷳ㧉⺷ᾉ㓰⹎䴙㔜㕤ᶳ堐 7 䣢ˤ 堐 7 㧉⺷Ḵ㔜橼㧉⺷怑惵㧁㸾 䳸㥳㧉⺷ 㥳⾝ᾉ⹎ 倂⎰㓰⹎ ⋨⇍㓰⹎ ᾖ㬋⼴㧉⺷ᶨ .95 .81炷t = 20.52炸 [.73, .89] ᾖ㬋⼴㧉⺷Ḵ .95 .81炷t = 17.90炸 [.71, .91] ⎗㍍⍿䭬⚵ ⣏㕤.60 ⚈䳈屈匟慷⣏㕤.50炻ᶼ栗叿 ᾉ岜⋨攻ᶵ⊭⏓ 1.00 ⛐䴻忶➢㛔怑惵⹎姽揹ˣ㧉✳ᾖ梦ẍ⍲ᾉ㓰⹎䘬㩊槿ᷳ⼴炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢㚨䳪㧉 ⺷㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠Ộ妰⚾炻㕤⚾ 3 冯⚾ 4 ᷕ⏰䎦ˤ 㟉攟柀⮶ 埴䁢 ⬠㟉䳬䷼ ➟埴≃ 斄㆟㓗㊩ Έ⮶䚋䜋 怑ㅱ嬲朑 Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 䫾䔍㳩䦳 䆇忳㳩䦳 栏⭊㳩䦳 įĹı įĹĹ įĸĹ įĹĹ įĺķ įĸĶ įĺı įĴķ įijij įĴĺ ġįijij ġġġġġġġġġġįıĺ ġġġįĵĵ ġġįIJĺ ġġġįĹIJ ĮįIJĴ ⚾ 3 㚨䳪㧉⺷㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠Ộ妰⚾炷ᾖ㬋⼴㧉⺷ᶨ炸⬠㟉䳬䷼ ➟埴≃ 㟉攟柀⮶ 埴䁢 Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 䫾䔍㳩䦳 䆇忳㳩䦳 栏⭊㳩䦳 斄㆟㓗㊩ Έ⮶䚋䜋 怑ㅱ嬲朑 įijij įıĺ įĵĵ ġġįĴķ ġġįijij ġġįĴĺ įĹIJ įĹĹ įĺķ įĸĶ įĺı įĹı įĹĹ įĸĹ įIJĺ ġġĮįIJĴ ⚾ 4 㚨䳪㧉⺷㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠Ộ妰⚾炷ᾖ㬋⼴㧉⺷Ḵ炸
ӂȃ๖፣ᇄ࡚ដġ
㟡㒂ᶲ徘䘬䞼䨞䳸㝄炻㬠䲵㛔䞼䨞䘬慵天䳸婾⤪ᶳ炻᷎㒂㬌㍸↢䚠斄⺢嬘炻㍸ ὃ䴎⬠埻䞼䨞ẍ⍲⋿㈽䷋⚳⮷㟉攟⛐⮎⊁ㅱ䓐㕡朊䘬⍫侫ˤΙȃ๖፣ġ
炷ᶨ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䘬柀⮶㔜橼埴䁢⏰䎦ᷕ檀䦳⹎ 㟡㒂㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⎬Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻ẍˬΈ⮶䚋䜋˭ Ⰼ朊䁢㚨Ἓ炻ˬ怑ㅱ嬲朑˭Ⰼ朊䁢㚨ⶖˤ⯙㔜橼㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢侴妨炻忼⇘ᷕ檀䦳⹎ˤ 䓙㬌䳸㝄⎗䞍炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⎬Ⰼ朊⍲㔜橼ね⼊⯂䧙列⤥炻栗䣢㟉攟 ⛐柀⮶⬠㟉⎴ṩ炻嗽䎮㟉⊁䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⯽䎦↢ᶵ⎴䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻䫎⎰䛦Ṣ㛇⼭炻⺽ 柀⬠㟉㛅⎹ℙ⎴䘬栀㘗怩忚ˤ 炷Ḵ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㔜橼⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⏰䎦ᷕỶ䦳⹎㟡㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⎬Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻ẍὅ⸷㌺↿ˬ䫾䔍㳩 䦳˭ˣˬ栏⭊㳩䦳˭ˣˬ䆇忳㳩䦳˭ˣˬṢ⒉㳩䦳˭ˤ℞ᷕˬ䫾䔍㳩䦳˭ˣˬ栏⭊㳩䦳˭Ḵᾳ Ⰼ朊ᷕ檀䦳⹎烊⎎⢾炻⛐ˬṢ⒉㳩䦳˭ˣˬ䆇忳㳩䦳˭ḴᾳⰌ朊㗗䁢ᷕỶ䦳⹎ˤ⛐㔜 橼䘬⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㕡朊炻忼⇘ᷕỶ䦳⹎ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳⚳㮹⮷⬠⛐䳬䷼➟埴≃ᶲ⯂㚱 ≒≃䘬䨢攻ˤ
德忶⬠㟉䘬䳬䷼➟埴≃炻⛐㟉攟䘬柀⮶炻庼ẍᷣảˣ䳬攟䘬ⶍἄ↮惵ᶳ炻㔁ⷓ ⎴ṩ德忶䚠Ḻ惵⎰炻㕡傥⣈䌚⼿⬠䓇ˣ⭞攟冯䣦⋨㮹䛦䫱⇑⭛斄ὪṢ䘬偗⭂㓗㊩ˤ 侴⛐Ṣ⒉㳩䦳Ⰼ朊䔍栗庫Ỷ炻⎗傥㗗䓙㕤⬠㟉䘬Ṣḳ冯⽝ㇵ⯂㛒⬴ℐⰔ㕤⬠㟉䘬㪲 旸炻⚈㬌忁㗗ῤ⼿㲐シᷳ嗽ˤ侴䆇忳㳩䦳悐↮炻⎗傥㗗⚈䁢⬠㟉䘬枸䬿䶐↿⍲⼴临 徥希䘬䆇忳妰䔓⯂栗ᶵ嵛炻ḇㅱ娚㚱嬎ぽˤ 炷ᶱ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃℟㚱⭮↯斄Ὢ
㟡㒂㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦烉 1. 㔜橼㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃攻℟㚱檀⹎㬋䚠斄炻⚈㬌炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䞍 奢䦳⹎庫Ἓᷳ㔁ⷓ炻℞⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃庫Ἓ炻⍵ᷳṎ䃞ˤ 2. 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⎬Ⰼ朊⍲㔜橼冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬ˬ䆇忳㳩䦳˭Ⰼ朊℟㚱ᷕ⹎ㆾ㗗 Ỷ⹎㬋䚠斄ˤ栗䣢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䞍奢䦳⹎庫Ἓᷳ㔁ⷓ炻℞⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ˬ䆇忳 㳩䦳˭Ⰼ朊庫Ἓ烊⍵ᷳṎ䃞炻ᶵ忶℞䚠斄䦳⹎Ⱄ㕤ᷕ⹎ㆾ㗗Ỷ⹎ˤ 䓙㬌⎗䞍炻⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ᷳ攻℟㚱⭮↯斄Ὢˤ⚈㬌炻 㟉攟劍傥忳䓐怑䔞䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻怑㗪斄㆟⬠㟉⎴ṩ炻冯⭞攟ˣ䣦佌ᾅ㊩列⤥斄Ὢ炻 攳㉻⬠㟉列⤥℔ℙ斄Ὢ炻怑ㅱℏ⢾悐䘬嬲朑暨㯪炻⮯⮵⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬㍸⋯㚱 ≑䙲ˤ 炷⚃炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⮵㕤⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧 㛔䞼䨞婧㞍䘬䳸㝄栗䣢炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⮵䳬䷼➟埴≃㚱℞㬋⎹⼙枧⬀⛐ˤ㟉 攟 䁢㥄㧋冯⏎㚫⼙枧⬠㟉➟埴≃䘬檀Ỷ炻⚈䁢㟉攟㚱埴㓧塩慷㪲炻⚈㬌῀劍忳䓐 ⼿⭄㚫⮵⬠㟉➟埴≃䓊䓇㬋朊䘬⼙枧≃ˤ㬌奨溆冯哉⬇₺炷2004炸⼿⇘䘬䳸婾䚠Ụ炻 ῀劍㟉攟㚱㬋朊䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻ᶼ䆇忈↢Ḻ≑⎰ἄ䘬䳬䷼㯋㯃炻⬠㟉➟埴≃冒䃞侴䃞 ὧ㚫䚠⮵庫檀ˤ ⍵ᷳ`劍㟉攟堐䎦䘬ン⹎䚠䔞㴰㤝炻⮵㕤䳬䷼栀㘗ẍ⍲䚖㧁䚠䔞ᶵ㖶䡢炻嬻⬠ 㟉⎴ṩ奢⼿㟉攟⮵㕤㟉⊁䘤⯽䛤䞕㶢ᶼᶵ℟㛒Ἦ⿏炻䓂军ᶵ偗⮯㪲≃冯㔁ⷓ↮ṓ 䘬娙炻㔁借⒉ὧ㚫⮵㟉攟䓊䓇ᶵᾉảデ炻ḇ⚈㬌⛐㟉攟㫚㍐≽䘬妰䔓ᶲ炻⚈䁢ᶵ䝕 妋䚖㧁ẍ⍲➟埴忶䦳炻冒䃞ᶵ㶭㤂娚⤪ỽ妰∫ᶳᶨ㬍䘬䫾䔍埴≽炻⼙枧䳬䷼䘬➟ 埴≃ˤ䓙ᶲ徘屯㕁⎗⼿䞍炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䡢⮎㚫⮵⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䓊䓇⼙枧炻℞慵 天⿏ᶵ⎗妨╣ˤ
炷Ḽ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃⮵㕤㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧 ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃Ṏ㚫⮵㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䓊䓇㬋朊䘬⼙枧炻㚱悐↮䘬⬠㟉ᷳ⬠㟉➟ 埴≃䘬⯽䎦䪗夾⬠㟉䘬Ⱄ⿏炻`劍⬠㟉㔁借⒉㛔幓≽⒉傥≃䚠䔞⻟炻⮵㔁做䘤⯽ḇ 㚱䚠䔞㶭㤂䘬娵䞍炻ᶨ⭂㚫⏰䎦檀⹎䘬䳬䷼➟埴≃ˤ侴㑼ả㑩㚱えᷭ䘬⁛䴙㔯⊾⬠ 㟉䘬㟉攟炻天⛐ℤ栏⁛䴙㔯⊾ẍ⍲冒幓彎⬠䎮⾝ᶲ忼⇘⸛堉炻暋㚱㗪㚫⚈㬌忽側 㛔幓㔁做䎮⾝炻⍰ㆾ侭㗗⚈䁢⁛䴙⊭塙忶⣏炻⚈侴⮵䎦⮎⥍⋼ˤὪ㓭炻䁢Ḯ天侫慷 ⣂⃫䘬ね⠫炻㟉攟⯙㚫㚱暋ẍ㰢䫾嶇➟埴䘬⛘㕡炻⼙枧㛔幓䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻⤪㗗Ṏ傥 䝕妋⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㚫⮵㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢䓊䓇ἄ䓐≃ˤ
Πȃ࡚ដġ
炷ᶨ炸⮵ᷣ䭉㔁做埴㓧㨇斄䘬⺢嬘 1. 㶙⊾㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⮰㤕䞍傥 㟡㒂㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⛐㔜橼Ⰼ朊忼⇘ᷕ檀䦳⹎ˤ⚈㬌⎗䞍 㔁借⒉⮵㟉攟柀⮶⏰䎦檀⹎娵⎴炻劍㟉攟傥┬䓐㛔幓ᾳṢ䈡岒炻䝕妋柀⮶埴䁢ᷳℏ 㵝᷎忳䓐⼿䔞炻㟡㒂ね⠫ㅱ䓐㚨㕘䘬柀⮶㧉⺷炻⤪䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ↮Ự⺷柀⮶ˣ廱✳柀 ⮶ˣ㔁⬠柀⮶ˣ忻⽟柀⮶ˣ圵⎰柀⮶ẍ⍲䫔Ḽ䳂柀⮶䫱⛐⬠㟉ᷕ炻゛⽭㚫嬻㟉ℏㆸ ⒉⮵⬠㟉㚜㚱⎹⽫≃炻啱䓙䷦㓰䘬㍸⋯⯽䎦⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬➟埴≃ˤ 借㗗ᷳ㓭炻䁢ἧ㟉攟℟㚱寸䘬柀⮶埴䁢䎮婾䳈梲炻㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ㅱ⭂㛇冱彎 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⮰㤕䞍傥䞼佺㳣≽ˤ℞ᷕ炻⛐㕘ả㟉攟䘬⃚妻忶䦳ᷕ炻ㅱ⻟⊾㟉攟嬲 朑瀂⮶冯➟灖濘䘬瀲濱冯婚䦳炻➡梲傥枮⊊嬲朑ᶼ℟➟灖濘⮰㤕䳈梲炻ㆸ≇⺽柀⬠ 㟉⼨⮵䘬㕡⎹⇵忚ˤ 2. 忚ᶨ㬍㍐≽⬠㟉㛔ỵ䭉䎮炻ẍ⡆忚⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ˤ 㟡㒂䞼䨞↮㜸炻⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃䘬䎦㱩⛐㔜橼Ⰼ朊忼⇘ᷕỶ䦳⹎ˤ⛐ ˬṢ⒉㳩䦳˭ˣˬ䆇忳㳩䦳˭䘬↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ堐䎦庫ⶖˤ㚱⎗傥⚈䁢䚖⇵⚳㮹⮷⬠䘬㔁ⷓ 䒬怠⍲Ṣ⒉廒婧㗗Ⱄ㕤㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ḳ⊁䭬⚵炻侴ᶼ⬠㟉ḇᶵ℟㚱冒幓䘬Ṣ≃➡妻 ⇞⹎炻⚈㬌㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ㅱ忚ᶨ㬍㍐≽⬠㟉㛔ỵ䭉䎮炻ἧ㟉攟䘬埴㓧㪲ˣ㔁ⷓ䘬⮰ 㤕㪲ẍ⍲⭞攟䘬⍫冯㪲⼿ẍ䘤㎖炻⡆忚⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ˤ炷Ḵ炸⮵⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䘬⺢嬘 1. 㟉攟ㅱ娚侫慷㔁ⷓᷳᾳṢ䈡岒⍲⬠㟉䑘⠫Ⱄ⿏炻⻟⊾冒幓柀⮶傥≃ˤ 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃㚱⭮↯䚠斄炻⚈㬌炻㟉攟⽭枰㟡㒂㔁ⷓᷳᾳṢ 䈡岒⍲⬠㟉䑘⠫Ⱄ⿏炻惵⎰⢾悐䑘⠫ᷳ嬲怟炻忚侴⛐冒幓䘬柀⮶埴䁢ᶲ婧㔜冯⚈ㅱ炻 ⻟⊾冒幓柀⮶≃炻䘤⯽怑䔞ᶼ⎰⭄䘬柀⮶埴䁢炻ἧ㔁ⷓ⮵㟉攟ᷳ埴䁢娵⎴冯偗⭂炻 㦪シ⛐㟉攟䘬柀⮶ᶳ炻忳ἄ⬠㟉ḳ⊁炻㍸⋯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ˤ 2. ┬䓐㗪攻䭉䎮䫾䔍炻㽨⊝ℐ橼㔁借⒉冯⭞攟㚱⑩岒䘬忳䓐㗪攻ˤ 㟉攟枰彶⎰㔁㓡㼖㳩炻᷎㩊夾ᾳṢ䴻䆇⬠㟉䎮⾝炻冯⬠㟉ℐ橼ㆸ⒉⎴⽫⋼≃䘬 䁢⬠㟉䳬䷼≒≃炻劍⬠㟉㔜橼ㆸ⒉⛯傥⥍┬忳䓐㗪攻炻ᶼ㟉攟⛐㚱旸䘬㗪攻ℏ⇞⭂ 㚱シ佑䘬妰䔓炻ẍ㚵⊁柀⮶⬠㟉ㆸ⒉炻㽨䘤℞㼃傥炻᷎⭂㛇≈ẍ徥希㩊妶炻⇯⬠㟉 䳬䷼➟埴≃ᶨ⭂傥㚱栗叿㍸⋯ˤ 3. 䘤⯽怑ㅱ嬲朑傥≃炻⮵ℏ冯⮵⢾⮳㯪⋼≑冯屯㸸ˤ 㟡㒂㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⎬↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻ẍˬ怑ㅱ嬲朑˭ Ⰼ朊䁢㚨ⶖ炻栗䣢↢㚱ᶵ⮹㟉攟⛐䔞ᶳ㔁做㓡朑䘬㼖㳩ᷕ炻㛒傥⍲㗪枮ㅱ嬲朑炻⮎ 㕥嬲朑柀⮶ˤ㟉攟ㅱ⛐㟉ℏ冯㔁借⒉ℙ⎴⿅侫⬠㟉䨩䟜⚘⠫䘬䫾䔍冯㕡⺷炻䆇忈↢ ⛀䳸⎰ἄ䘬㟉⚺㔯⊾烊⛐㟉⢾䳸⎰䣦⋨ˣ惘役⬠㟉ẍ⍲䚠斄㨇㥳炻ℙ⎴妶婾⬠㟉䘬 䘤⯽䨢攻炻嬻⬠㟉䫎⎰䣦㚫䘬㛇㛃ˤ 4. ⇞⭂䫾䔍➟埴㨇⇞炻徥希⼴临➟埴䘬ね㱩炻ℐ朊䝕妋⬠㟉䘬䆇忳䉨㱩ˤ 㟉攟ㅱ娚ᷣ㊩⇞⭂⬠㟉䫾䔍➟埴䘬䲣䴙忳ἄ㨇⇞炻ᾦἧ⬠㟉ㆸ⒉忪埴➟埴㗪傥 㙊忂ᶼ㚱䲨⼳烊Ḯ妋⬠㟉屯㸸↮惵䉨㱩炻忚埴怑䔞⛘枸䬿䶐㌺烊冯⬠㟉ㆸ⒉ℙ⎴夷 ∫⬠㟉䘬攟䦳ˣᷕ䦳ˣ䞕䦳妰䔓⇞⭂烉ẍ幓ἄ⇯炻➟埴⼴临徥希䘬ね㱩炻⮵⬠㟉䆇 忳䉨㱩天㚱ℐ朊Ḯ妋炻ㇵ傥ἧ⬠㟉䘬忳ἄ枮㙊炻➟埴≃⡆ˤġ 5. ㅱ⃭↮㌰㪲炻嬻㔁ⷓ⮰㤕冒ᷣ炻ẍ⇑㍸⋯㔁ⷓℏ⛐≽㨇ᷳ⽫䎮Ⰼ㫉ˤ 悐ấ㔁ⷓ⚈䁢ⶍἄシ栀ン⹎ㆾ㗗䋶⊝㨇⇞䘬⇞⺷⊾侴栀シ届䌣⎰䎮䭬⚵䘬 ⽫≃㕤⬠㟉ⶍἄᶲ炻ἧ⼿⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃忼㕤ˬ ⬴˭侴朆ˬ ⤥˭ˤ⚈㬌炻㟉攟 ⛐柀⮶⬠㟉㗪炻ㅱ怑㗪㌰㪲炻嬻㔁ⷓ䘬⮰㤕冒ᷣ⯽䎦炻㍸⋯㔁ⷓ䘬ℏ⛐≽㨇Ⰼ㫉炻 啱䓙↮ṓ㪲≃䘬㕡⺷炻ἧ㔁ⷓ䌚⼿㺧嵛デ⍲屔ảデ炻忚侴⮵㕤忼ㆸả⊁㚱⻟䁰䘬ἧ ␥デ炻ㇵ傥嬻⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃忼⇘ˬ ⤥˭䘬Ⰼ䳂ˤ
ՃМᝦġ
⣑ᶳ暄娴䶐廗悐炷2006炸ˤ㜄㚠ẵȹȹẩ㤕怩⎹ㆸ攟䘬斄挝怠㑯ˤ⣑ᶳ暄娴炻354炻 172-177ˤ 䌳⤵⢡炷2008炸ˤ⋿㈽䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳 㙐⋿⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯埴㓧⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⋿㈽ˤ 㛙䴻㖶炷2001炸ˤ㔁做䴙妰⬠ˤ⎘⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ ⏛慹楁炷2000炸ˤ⬠㟉䳬䷼埴䁢冯䭉䎮ˤ⎘⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ ⏛≩䓓炷2006炸ˤ䪞ῤ㝞㥳ㅱ䓐⛐⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼 䨞ˤ㔁做㓧䫾婾⡯炻9炻2炻155-185ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷1992炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䭉䎮傥≃慷堐ᷳ䶐墥ˤ⇅䫱㔁做炻1炻29-42ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ㜿⣑䣸炷2003炸ˤ㔁做➟埴≃ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻110炻160ˤ 㜿⚻⿉炷2004炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟廱✳柀⮶冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳ⷓ䭬⬠昊⚳㮹㔁做䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⎘⊿ˤ 恙㖶䤍炷1999炸ˤ㓧䫾➟埴䳬䷼冯➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ㍊妶ȹȹẍ㔁做埴㓧䁢ἳˤ䞼侫暁㚰 ↲炻23炻4炻34-44ˤ 恙䘻㓧炷2003炸ˤ䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷烉LISREL 䘬䎮婾㈨埻冯ㅱ䓐ˤ⎘⊿烉暁叱ˤ ὗ㖶岊炷2004炸ˤ⎘䀋ᷕ⮷ẩ㤕䳬䷼➟埴≃堉慷㊯㧁ᷳ⺢㥳ȹȹẍ墥忈㤕䁢ἳˤ⚳䩳 ⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ⶍ㤕㔁做⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⼘⊾ˤ 㞗䡏嗕炷2005炸ˤ㍸⋯ẩ㤕➟埴≃斄挝⚈䳈ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳檀晬䫔ᶨ䥹㈨⣏⬠灖扟冯瀘 忂䭉瀲䲣䡑⢓澏㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ˤ 䦎⣊佌炷2006炸ˤ㔁做埴㓧ȹȹ䎮婾悐↮炷䫔Ḽ䇰炸ˤ⎘⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ ⻝ㄞ⊛炷2004炸ˤ䫾䔍冯➟埴≃-⬠㟉䳬䷼㔯⊾䘬㟠⽫ˤ⬠㟉埴㓧暁㚰↲炻29炻3-16ˤ 㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炷2007炸ˤḅ⋩ℕ⬠⸜⹎⎬䳂⬠㟉㔠↮ⶫ㤪㱩㞍娊䲣䴙ˤ2008 ⸜ 2 㚰 24 㖍炻⍾冒 http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/STATISTICS/EDU7220001/ service/sts4-1a.htm 昛㛐慹炷2006炸ˤ⽆䎕䳂䴻䆇䫾䔍⮵㔁⬠㓰傥⼙枧䚳ⷓ屯➡做䘬⮎⊁⍾⎹ˤ㔁做䞼 䨞冯䘤⯽㛇↲炻2炻1炻33-62ˤ 昛⯂ả炷2004炸ˤẩ㤕➟埴≃岒⊾䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳⎘䀋䥹㈨⣏⬠ẩ㤕䭉䎮䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒 ↢䇰炻⎘⊿ˤ 昛䘮㖯炷2005炸ˤẩ㤕➟灖濘ᷳℏ㵝冯⮎䎦⚈䳈ᷳ㍊妶ˤ⚳灅ᷕ㬋⣏⬠ẩ㤕䭉瀲䞼䨞 䡑⢓澏㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻▱佑ˤ昛㠭䍵炷2005炸ˤẩ㤕栀㘗ˣ䴻䆇䫾䔍ˣ➟埴≃冯䴻䆇䷦㓰ᷳ䞼䨞-ẍ⚳幵 N ⶍ⺈䁢 ἳˤ㧡⽟䥹㈨⣏⬠䴻䆇䭉䎮䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ˤ 昛⺢㜙炷2004炸ˤ䔞⇵ẩ㤕柀⮶䎮⾝⮵⬠㟉䴻䆇䘬┇䣢ˤ⬠㟉埴㓧暁㚰↲炻29炻 123-136ˤ 昛ㄞ䐆炷1995炸ˤ㪲嬲柀⮶埴䁢䞼䨞ˤ⎘⊿烉ⷓ⣏㚠剹ˤ 湫ᷫ䄺炷2004炸ˤ⼴䎦ẋ⬠㟉埴㓧ΐ䎮⍲℞ℑ暋⚘⠫ᷳ妋㰢ˤ㔁做䞼䨞普↲炻50炻3炻 1-29ˤ 湫剛所炷2004炸ˤ䣦㚫䥹⬠䴙妰㕡㱽⬠-䳸㥳㕡䦳⺷㧉✳ˤ⎘澱烉Ḽ⋿ˤ 㸗⟗炷2005炸ˤ∝忈≃ˣ➟埴≃冯䪞䇕≃䘬⒚⬠婾徘冯䧵㤝ἄ䁢ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻133炻 31-41ˤ 叱⋉㗪炷2006炸ˤ⽆㔁㓡䴻槿婯㰢䫾冯➟埴ˤ⣑ᶳ暄娴炻338炻140ˤ 叱㵹⨟炷2006炸ˤ▱佑䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉埴㓧➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳 ▱佑⣏⬠⚳㮹㔁做䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻▱佑ˤ 叱忋䤢炷2008炸ˤᶵ⎴栆⇍姽慷侭⮵⚳⮷㟉攟柀⮶傥≃䞍奢姽慷ᷳ㭼庫ˤ㔁做䥹⬠䞼 䨞㛇↲炻53炻3炻1-28ˤ 㣲㋗㖯炷2005炸ˤ㔁做䳬䷼嬲朑冯⬠㟉䘤⯽䞼䨞ˤ⎘⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ 娡⭄呩炷2009炸ˤ⼘⊾䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟栀㘗瀂⮶冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳 㙐⋿⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯埴㓧⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⋿㈽ˤ ∱倘岊炷2004炸ˤ䫾䔍➟埴≃堉慷㧉⺷ᷳ⺢㥳冯槿嫱-侫慷ẩ㤕䑘⠫嬲≽䭉䎮傥≃冯 栏⭊斄Ὢ䭉䎮䫾䔍䷦㓰ᷳ槿嫱㧉⺷ˤ⋿⎘䥹㈨⣏⬠埴扟冯㳩忂䭉䎮䞼䨞䡑⢓ 婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⎘⋿ˤ 哉䌱卩炷2007炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䳬䷼㯋㯃冯➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳⎘ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠㔁 做䲣䡑⢓⬠ỵ婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⎘ᷕˤ 哉⬇₺炷2004炸ˤ檀借㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉埴㓧➟埴≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿䥹㈨⣏ ⬠㈨埻冯借㤕㔁做䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⎘⊿ˤ 哉ㄏ䘣炷2004炸ˤ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃堉慷㊯㧁ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ⶍ㤕㔁做冯㈨ 埻⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⼘⊾ˤ 嫅㔯ℐ炷2007炸ˤ㔁做埴㓧⬠炷䫔ᶱ䇰炸ˤ⎘⊿烉檀䫱㔁做ˤ
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. 炷1988炸. On the evaluation of structural equation models.
Academic of Marketing Science, 16, 76-94.
Bentler, P. M. (1982). Confirmatory factor analysis via non-iterative estimation: A fast inexpensive method. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 417-424.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiely & Sons.
Bossidy, L., & Charan, R. (2002). Execution: The discipline of getting things done. New York: Crown Publishers.
Epstein, J. L. (1987). What principals should know about parent involvement. Principal,
66(3), 6-9.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006).
Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2001). Educational administration: Theory, research and
performance. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.
Jonathan, S., Philip, S., & Henry, M. (2010). How principals and peers influence teaching and learning. Educational Administration Quarterly, 46(1), 31-56.
Lawrence, T. B. (1999). Institutional Strategy. Journal of Management, 25(2), 161-188. Lawrence, G. H. (2006). Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change.
New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing.
Mayrowetz, D. (2008). Making sense of distributed leadership: Exploring the multiple usages of the concept in the field. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(3), 424-423.
McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. M. 炷1990炸. Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness-of-fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 247-255.
Owens, R. G.. (1981). Organizational behavior in education 炷2nd ed.炸. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Robbins, S. P. 炷2000炸. Organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Robinson, V. M. J., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2008). The impact of leadership on
student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types.
Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 635-674.
Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Timmerman, J. (2010). Dispelling the myths of organizational leadership. Journal for
Quality & Participation, 32 (4), 39-40.
Yukl, G.. A.炷1998炸. Leadership in organizations炷4th ed.炸. Upper Sdaale River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zagotta, R., & Robinson, D. (2002). Key to successful strategy execution. Journal of
ߣᓃġ
⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃婧㞍⓷⌟柴枭烉ġ 㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢 ⬠㟉䳬䷼➟埴≃ 斄㆟㓗㊩ Ṣ⒉㳩䦳 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫㉥䨢冯㔁ⷓ シ夳㹅忂ˤġ ġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫㉥䨢倥⍾㔁借⒉ⶍ䘬シ夳ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟傥橼婺⬠㟉⎴ṩ炻㍍䲵ㆹᾹ䘬デ⍿ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟傥ᷣ≽修倥ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟℟㚱㓷扛奨⮇䑘⠫嬲怟䘬傥≃ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟ἧ㭷ỵ㔁ⷓ㦪㕤ㆸ䁢⬠㟉䘬ᶨ⒉ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫ᷣ≽⸓㔁ⷓ䇕⍾ㅱ㚱ᷳ䤷⇑ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫斄⽫㔁ⷓ攻䘬ⶍἄ⋼婧ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫ᷣ≽䘤䎦ㆹᾹ䘬⓷柴䘍䳸炻᷎㍉⍾ 㚱㓰䘬埴≽䜋Ὣˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫㍸ὃᾳ⇍㔁ⷓ暨䘬⋼≑ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟䚠ᾉㆹᾹ傥⬴ㆸ⬠㟉䘬ℙ⎴䚖㧁ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟⛐⮎㕥慵天㍒㕥ẍ⇵炻㚫⃰⽝娊㔁ⷓ シ夳ˤġ 憅⮵䈡⭂䘬ả⊁炻㛔㟉㟉攟㚫ὅ㔁ⷓ⮰攟⍲冰 嵋↮惵ⶍἄˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟䷥㗗橼「㔁ⷓᾹ䘬ⶍἄ彃⊆ˤ 㛔㟉妪㚱ᶨ⣿䫎⎰㟉⊁䘤⯽ᷳṢㇵ䒬怠㳩䦳ˤġ 㛔㟉㑩㚱ℐ䘬Ṣ≃➡妻⇞⹎ˤġ 㛔㟉慵夾ⶍἄ䘬廒婧炻ẍὫ忚ㆸ⒉䘬ㆸ攟ˤġ 㛔㟉㚫㒔妪溻⊝㍒㕥炻ẍ㽨⊝⎴ṩᷳ➟埴ㆸ㓰ˤġ 㛔㟉⮵㕤㔁借⒉ⶍᷳ㚵⊁⑩岒妪㚱㖶䡢䘬姽揹 彎㱽ˤġ 㛔㟉傥憅⮵㟉⊁➡做暨Ṣㇵˤġ 㛔㟉㚱妰䔓⛘㉼㒊℟㚱㼃≃⍲⮰攟䘬㔁ⷓˤġ 㛔㟉傥妪㚱㊩临㩊㟠㨇⇞炻ὃㆸ⒉冒ㆹ䭉䎮ˤġ 㛔㟉㚫㍸ὃㆸ⒉⛐借忚ᾖ䘬㨇㚫ˤġ 㛔㟉⎬嗽⭌冯㔁ⷓ攻傥⃭↮⋼婧冯倗专ˤ Έ⮶䚋䜋 栏⭊㳩䦳 㛔㟉㟉攟⛐婯娙ᷕ㗪ⷠ⻟婧Ṿ䘬借屔冯䩳⟜ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟天㯪㔁ⷓ天思⬰㱽Ẍ夷䪈ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫天㯪㔁ⷓ⛐ⶍἄ堐䎦ᶲᾅ㊩ᶨ⭂ 䘬⑩岒㯜㸾ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟天㯪㔁ⷓ天䪕䚉傥ⶍἄˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟冯㔁ⷓᾅ㊩嶅暊ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫晐㗪晐⛘䔁シㆹᾹ䘬拗婌ㆾ忽夷 埴䁢ˤ ⬠䓇㺧シ冒䘬⬠佺堐䎦ˤġ ⬠䓇㺧シ㔁ⷓ䘬㔁⬠⑩岒ˤġ ⬠㟉傥㍸ὃ⭞攟⬠䓇怑↯䘬⋼≑ˤġ 㛔㟉傥怑㗪ⷞ柀㔁借⒉ⶍ⃭⮎忼ㆸ㔁做䚖㧁ᷳ 傥≃ˤġ 㛔㟉傥䴎Ḱ䷦㓰堐䎦ᶵἛ⒉ⶍ≒≃㓡忚䘬㨇 㚫ˤġ 㛔㟉⮵㔁借⒉ⶍ㚵⊁堐䎦ᷳ侫㟠⇞⹎㖶䡢⎗ 埴ˤġ㛔㟉傥憅⮵䚠斄妰䔓炷㍒㕥炸➟埴䳸㝄忚埴⼴ 临徥希ˤġ ⭞攟㺧シ⬠䓇䘬⬠佺堐䎦ˤġ ⬠䓇䘬シ夳傥䌚⼿⬠㟉⌛㗪⚆棳ˤġ ⭞攟ㆾ䣦⋨Ṣ⢓悥偗⭂⬠㟉ˣ⮲慵⬠㟉᷎ᾅ㊩ Ḻ≽ˤġ 怑ㅱ嬲朑 䫾䔍㳩䦳 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫奒冒ㆾ㳦Ṣ⍫≈䣦⋨㳣≽ˤġ ġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫忳䓐⬠㟉屯㸸ᷣ≽㓗㎜䣦⋨冱彎 㳣≽ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟ᶵ㕟忚ᾖ炻䌚⍾㕘䞍炻㚱ᶲ忚⽫ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟傥冯䣦⋨Ṣ⢓炻⃭↮㹅忂炻䇕⍾䣦⋨ ⋼≑ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫ᷣ≽攳㓦㟉⚺ὃ䣦⋨㮹䛦ἧ䓐ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟ᷣ㊩㟉⊁炻≯㕤㯪㕘㯪嬲ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟⛐㍐≽㕘䘬⬠㟉䫾䔍㗪炻㚱㈧㑼桐晒 䘬≯㯋ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㶭㤂⬠㟉㛒Ἦ䘤⯽㕡⎹炻᷎⮯忁ṃ䎮 ⾝⁛忼䴎ㆹᾹˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚫奒冒ㆾ㳦↢⬠㟉ㆸ⒉崜㟉⢾忚埴 㺼嫃ㆾ⍫姒ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟⮵⢾䶐廗㚱斄㕤⬠㟉䘬↢䇰⑩ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟嬻㔁ⷓᾹḮ妋Ṿ⛐⬠㟉ᷕ䘬借屔冯 奺刚ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟㚱≯㕤∝㕘冯㍍⍿嬲朑䘬ン⹎炻≯㕤 䨩䟜䎦䉨ˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟╄㬉⛐㟉⊁ᷕ㍐⯽Ṿ䘬㕘奨⾝ˤġ 㛔㟉䘤⯽䫾䔍䘬➟埴Ṣ⒉傥⍫冯䫾䔍䘬⇞⭂ˤġ 㛔㟉䘤⯽䫾䔍㗪炻傥嬻ㆸ⒉⃭↮⮵娙ↅ倂ℙ嬀ˤġ 㛔㟉㚫侫慷屯㸸䉨㱩Ἦ⇞⭂埴≽妰䔓℟橼 㱽ˤġ 㛔㟉倀䓐㔁ⷓ⇵㚫侫慷⬠㟉㛔幓暨Ṣㇵˤġ 㛔㟉䥱㊩䳬䷼䎮⾝Ἦ㍸⋯⒉ⶍ䫾䔍➟埴傥≃ˤġ 㛔㟉㚫㟡㒂⎬嗽⭌䘬暨㯪Ἦ⇞⭂⬠㟉䘤⯽䫾 䔍ˤġ 㛔㟉傥㚱㓰㔜⎰⍲⇑䓐Ṣ≃ˣ䈑≃䫱屯㸸ˤġ 㛔㟉䘤⯽䫾䔍傥䓐䯉天侴㖶䡢䘬㔯⫿堐忼↢ Ἦˤġ 㛔㟉㟉攟⮵㍐≽ᷳ㕡㟰忚⹎傥㚱㓰㌴㎉᷎姽Ộ ㆸ㓰ˤġ 㛔㟉⮵㕤堐䎦⃒䥨䘬ㆸ⒉䴎Ḱ䋶⊝ˤġ 㛔㟉妪⭂䘤⯽䫾䔍⇵㚫 ⢾悐䑘⠫↮㜸ˤġ 䆇忳㳩䦳 㛔㟉⎬嗽⭌㚫⚈ⶍἄ∫↮ᶵ㶭侴䚠Ḻ㍐婱ˤġ 㛔㟉傥Ὣ忚⎴㗪㺧嵛ᾳṢ冯䳬䷼ℙ⎴䘤⯽䘬䫾 䔍ˤġ 㛔㟉傥ὅ㒂㟉⊁妰䔓冯⬠㟉暨㯪䧵㤝䇕⍾㔁做 䴻屣ˤġ 㛔㟉⭂㛇㩊妶彎⬠栀㘗ẍ㩊夾➟埴ㆸ㓰ˤġ
