影響基層官僚組織服務品質的因素：政府服務品質獎的資料分析

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(1)ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය Ȥࣴ‫ز‬ፕЎȥ ҇103ԃ9Д ।35-72 ୯ҥࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢϦӅՉࡹᏢ‫س‬. ᇆᜩૄᆸ‫ء‬ဈ௡ᖐ‫ڇ‬ચ‫ݡ‬ኳ۞Я৵Ĉ *. ߆‫ڇع‬ચ‫ݡ‬ኳረ۞ྤफ̶़‫ژ‬ **. അ݄஧ăᅀ३ኰ Ƞᄔाȡ. ೭ࢂ΋ጇ߃௖‫ޑزࣴ܄‬ፕЎǴԑӧ௖‫ࣁز‬Ֆࢌ٤୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ཮К‫ځ‬ дಔᙃ‫୍ܺޑ‬ᕮਏ‫ڑࣁ׳‬ຫǻཥϦӅᆅ౛Ь஭ϦӅಔᙃᔈ၀ࡌҥᕮਏᏤӛ ‫ޑ‬ЎϯǴ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ׯ‬๓ၱԋࣁϦ೽ߐ‫ׯ‬ॠၮ୏‫ޑ‬ख़ा΋ᕉǶࡽԖЎ᝘ჹ‫ܭ‬ ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ෳໆᆶᆅ౛฼ౣςԖόϿ૸ፕǴࠅਸϿᆫขӧ‫๎سࡋڋ‬ᆶಔᙃ ឦ‫܄‬ჹ‫ࠔ୍ܺܭ‬፦‫ׯ‬๓೷ԋϐወӧቹៜǶ୷ԜǴҁࣴ‫ز‬Ь஭ಔᙃሦᏤᆶᆅ ౛೭ᜪ೬‫܄‬ʑࡕϺӢન‫ڰ‬ฅख़ाǴՠ‫ࡋڋ‬ᆶ่ᄬ฻ฯ‫܄‬ʑӃϺӢનΨό‫ە‬ ᇸ۹ǶБ‫ݤ‬ፕ΢Ǵҁࣴ‫ز‬аᐕۛȐ2009-2013 ԃȑȨࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛȩբ ࣁၗ਑ٰྍǴଞჹමୖዛ‫ک‬ᕇዛ‫ޑ‬Ȩಃ΋ጕ୍ܺᐒᜢȩԾՉࡌҥࣴ‫ز‬ၗ਑ ৤Ƕࣴ‫่݀ز‬ว౜ୖྣჹຝǵՉࡹ୔ୱǴаϷ঩πᕴኧ฻ӃϺӢનǴዴჴ ჹ୷ቫಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ׯޑ‬๓ᄬԋᡉ๱ቹៜǶჹ‫ܭ‬΢ॊว౜ϐཀ఼ᆶज़‫ڋ‬Ǵ ҁࣴ‫ز‬Ψගр΋٤૸ፕǶ. ‫׫‬ዺВයǺ103 ԃ 8 Д 11 Вǹௗ‫ڙ‬тฦВයǺ103 ԃ 11 Д 4 ВǶ * ҁࣴ‫ز‬೽ϩԋ݀‫܍‬ᆾ 100 ԃࡋ୯ࣽ཮Ȑ౜ࣁࣽ‫מ‬೽ȑ஑ᚒࣴ‫ز‬ीฝȨ௥ಥȬ៓‫آޑ‬ ᠈ȭǻǺှញᐒᜢ঩π‫ޑ‬ബཥՉࣁᆶࡷᏯȩȐጓဦǺNSC 100-2410-H-032-048ȑϐံ շǴᙣԜठᖴǶҁࣴ‫ز‬ନΑҗ૱གᖴ‫ٿ‬Տ୓ӜቩࢗΓ‫ޑ‬ᝊ຦ཀ‫ـ‬ѦǴҭѸ໪གᖴ఩Ԣε Ꮲᑵ‫܃‬Ⴀ௲௤ǵ୯ҥࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢࡼૈണ௲௤ǵШཥεᏢಷЎ۸௲௤ǵ୯ҥύѧ᝾ჸεᏢ‫׵‬ ‫ے‬Ꮜ௲௤ǵ୯ҥᆵчεᏢचᓪប௲௤ම๏ϒ‫ࡰޑ‬௲Ƕ ** ම߷ౚࣁ఩ԢεᏢϦӅՉࡹᏢ‫س‬ୋ௲௤Ǵe-mail: 131830@mail.tku.edu.twǶ ᇳਜ፣ࣁ఩ԢεᏢϦӅࡹ฼ࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγǴe-mail: 600640014@s00.tku.edu.twǶ Ʉ35Ʉ.

(2) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. [ᜢᗖຒ]Ǻ ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃǵ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ׯ‬๓ǵϦӅ୍ܺᕮਏǵࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ ዛǵཥϦӅᆅ౛. ൧ȃҴ፤ஆᙄ 忁㗗ᶨ䭯⇅㍊⿏䞼䨞䘬婾㔯炻⮓ἄ⬿㖐⛐㕤㍊䨞䁢ỽ㝸ṃ➢Ⰼ⭀₂䳬䷼㚫㭼℞ Ṿ䳬䷼㚵⊁䷦㓰㚜䁢⋻崲烎Ṩ湤⚈䳈⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ㆸ㓰烎➢㛔ᶲ炻℔ℙ䳬 ䷼⍿⇘䘬㓧㱣旸⇞怈㭼䥩Ṣ䳬䷼䁢⣂炻㧉䱲ˣ䨢㲃冯⣂⃫䘬䳬䷼䚖㧁⎗傥⸚㒦℞㚵 ⊁䷦㓰炷Boyne, 2003a: 215; Chun & Rainey, 2005炸ˤ➢Ⰼ⭀₂䳬䷼䘬㚵⊁⮵尉⣂䁢 ˬ朆冒栀⿏䔞ḳṢ˭炷Lipsky, 1980炸炻≈ẍ℞埴䁢㶙⍿ˬ㪲⦩˭冯ˬ␥Ẍ˭㨇⇞ ⼙枧炻㫈仢䥩悐攨䘬ˬ䙰嘏˭炷bottom line; Andrews, Boyne, & Walker 2006a炸ἄ䁢槭≽㚵⊁㓡┬䘬㨇⇞ˤ㬌⢾炻➢Ⰼ⭀₂䳬䷼䘬屯㸸㚜㗗䚠⮵⋙᷷炻㚵⊁岒慷暋ẍ徥崽㮹䛦怆⡆䘬暨㯪炷Lipsky, 1980炸ˤ⛐⽆ḳ䁢㮹㚵⊁ⶍἄᶲ炻℔ℙ䳬䷼㘖念朊冐 ⇘ᶲ徘䭉䎮⚘⠫炻Ữᶵ⎗⏎娵侭炻㝸ṃ➢Ⰼ⭀₂䳬䷼ṵ㚱庫䁢䨩↢䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰炻ỽ ẍ⤪㬌烎㓡┬㓧⹄㨇斄䘬䷦㓰⥳䳪㗗℔ℙ埴㓧䘬慵天婚柴炻冒 1980 ⸜ẋẍἮ℔ℙ䭉䎮㓡朑桐㼖ⷕ㌚ℐ䎫炻㕘℔ℙ䭉䎮⯌℞ᷣ⻝℔悐攨ㅱ⺢䩳䷦㓰⮶⎹䘬䳬䷼㔯⊾炻㚵⊁ ⑩岒㓡┬忪ㆸ䁢℔悐攨㓡朑忳≽ᷳᶨ䑘炻ℐ䎫㓧⹄䃉ᶵ䧵㤝⮳㈦℔ℙ㚵⊁㓡┬ᷳ忻炷Boyne, 2003b: 367炸ˤ冱ἳἮ婒炻㚱斄㚵⊁⑩岒㝞㥳冯㷔慷⍲℞㓡┬䫾䔍炻㈹ㆾ ℔悐攨⤪ỽ⮶ℍ䥩悐攨䭉䎮㈨埻Ἦ⻟⊾℞䳬䷼㓰䌯冯㓰傥炷Boyne, 2003a, 2003b; Mwita, 2000; McAdam, Reid, & Saulters, 2002; Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry, 1988; Wisniewski, 1996炸炻⥳䳪㗗⬠䓴冯⮎⊁䓴ℙ⎴斄↯ᷳ嬘柴ˤ ⃀䭉➢Ⰼ⭀₂䳬䷼ᶵ㕟塓天㯪㊩临㓡┬㨇斄㍸ὃ䘬㚵⊁炻Ữ℔ℙ㚵⊁䷦㓰䘬㔯䌣彬Ṳὅ冲⋩↮⋙᷷炷Cabral & Lazzarini, 2014; Walker, Boyne, & Brewer, 2010炸炻 ⎴㗪炻劍⸚檀⹎䚠斄㔯䌣䘬婾溆Ṏ枿℟⎴岒⿏ˤἳ⤪炻DietzˣPugh 冯 Wiley 炷2004: 81炸ᷣ⻝炻䔞㚵⊁⋻崲㗗䳬䷼䘬慵天ᷣ柴炻㬋⎹䘬㚵⊁㯋῁⽭䃞⬀⛐ˤ Somerville 冯 Elliott炷2011: 12炸憅⮵≈㊧⣏倗恎㓧⹄䣢䭬㨇斄㇨ἄ䘬䞼䨞㊯↢炻䃉婾䳬䷼夷㧉ˣ䳸㥳⍲℞㚵⊁栆✳䁢ỽ炻栏⭊㚵⊁䘬㔯⊾冯䫾䔍㘖念㈖㺼叿慵天䘬奺刚炻℞ℏ㵝⊭㊔䳬䷼柀⮶ˣ㹅忂冯Ṣ≃屯㸸⮎⊁䫱ˤKline炷2001: 46-47炸䞼䨞劙ˣ. Ʉ36Ʉ.

(3) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 伶ˣ㽛䫱⚳⑩岒䋶ᷕ炻倗恎ˣⶆ冯⛘㕡Ⰼ䳂䌚䋶㨇斄䘬栏⭊㚵⊁⮎⊁炻䘤䎦忁ṃ䌚䋶㨇斄㘖念娵⎗栏⭊㚵⊁䘬慵天ˤKline炷2002炸堐䣢炻恋ṃ䌚䋶㨇斄悥㚫倂䃎⛐ ℞Ṣ≃屯㸸䭉䎮炻ẍὧὫ忚␴⻟⊾ℐ朊⑩岒䭉䎮䘬㍉䲵炻忁ᾳ䳸㝄忚ᶨ㬍⮵䳬䷼䷦ 㓰ⷞἮ㬋朊⼙枧ˤSimon炷1998炸⇯䘤䎦炻䷦㓰庫䁢䨩↢䘬㨇斄⛐㝸ṃⰌ朊ᶲ䡢⮎ 㚫㚱庫檀䘬䞍奢⑩岒炷⤪柀⮶ˣṢ≃屯㸸䘤⯽冯䭉䎮炸冯䞍奢柣䌯炷⤪塓㚵⊁侭ˣ ⒉ⶍ冯㚵⊁㍸ὃ侭⍫冯⑩岒⿏䴙䘬䘤⯽冯㓡┬炸ˤUeno炷2010: 78炸ḇ␤ㅱ炻㊃⊇ 冯怜怠ˣ妻䶜ˣ⛀昲ˣ㌰傥ˣ䷦㓰侫姽冯⟙愔ˣ㹅忂炻ẍ⍲䳬䷼㔯⊾䫱⚈䳈炻⮵㕤㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㍸⋯䓂䁢慵天ˤ 昌Ḯ⮹㔠ἳ⢾炷e.g. Boyne, 2003a, 2003b炸炻忶⍣㚵⊁䷦㓰䘬䚠斄䞼䨞炻ᶨ⤪ Lee 冯 Whitford炷2013: 706炸㇨妨炻ῷ慵⛐䭉䎮奺刚ㆾ䭉䎮侭冯⒉ⶍ傥≃⍲埴䁢ᷳ ㍊妶烊歖㚱㔯䌣倂䃎⛐⇞⹎ˣ䳸㥳冯㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬斄Ὢ慸㶭ˤҦܼܳࡼȶ‫ܛ‬ԥᐡ ᜱࣲѠ᏶ᙥ‫ڐ‬ᆔ౪๋౲ԥਞ‫׾‬๢݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵ȷ‫ޠ‬Ⴒ೪ȂՍด௷ଷΠಣᙒӵ౪՞ဋȃᝰ ‫ލ‬ᔇΩ‫ܗ‬๗ᄻ੬ኊ๊ѵђ‫ܗ‬ϲҢӱષ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ΩȄ‫ٲ‬ᄃαȂȶስᏳᇅᆔ౪ȷϟ೻‫ܓ‬ቺ ८ӱષ‫ڿ‬ด२्Ȃկȶ‫࡚ښ‬ᇅ๗ᄻȷϟ฾‫ܓ‬ቺ८ӱષηϛۤሇ‫܈‬ȄJung炷2013: 664炸⯙㊯↢炻䁢忼ㆸ㓧䫾ἧ␥␴㓡┬℔ℙ䳬䷼㓰傥炻㓡朑侭䴻ⷠ⽆㨇斄⒉ⶍṢ㔠 ㆾ枸䬿夷㧉叿ㇳ炻栗夳䳬䷼䳸㥳⮵㕤䳬䷼㓰傥㗗㚱ᶨ⭂⼙枧≃䘬ˤ 䔞ẋ℔ℙ埴㓧㓡朑䘬㟠⽫ả⊁ᷳᶨ炻⌛农≃㕤㍸⋯℔ℙ㚵⊁䘬⑩岒冯䷦㓰炷Holzer, Charbonneau, & Kim, 2009: 404炸ˤ㚱揺㕤㓧⹄悐攨⑩岒䋶妰䔓䘬䳪㤝䚖㧁⛐㕤㓡┬℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒炷Hartley & Downe, 2007; Holzer et al., 2009; Löffler, 2001炸炻೼᜹ຠዪࣁ୞Ӷ‫ۻ࢈୾ש‬ഌߟϑ՘ϟԥԒȞᄒᝌ৏ȃ֗໰໴Ȃ2010Ȉ 22ȟȂկࠣ፵ዪ٠ϭծ࣐Κմ࡚౪፤Ͼᇅմ࡚ः‫ف‬ϟឋᚡȞHartley & Downe, 2007: 349ȟȂ੬ր࢑Ӷ๽ᇮНᝧР८ȇBoyneȞ2003a: 225ȟη࡛ឋᏱࣩȂᔗ၏ࡼ ϟпࡰӵϸ‫ݚ‬ϵӔ݉ଡ଼‫׾‬๢‫ޠ‬Ґ፵ᇅ‫ۢ؛‬ӱષȄ➢㬌炻䁢㍊䨞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬䞍嬀媶⛀炷intellectual puzzles炸炻㛔䞼䨞ᷫ⮯℔悐攨➢Ⰼ㨇斄夾䁢ᶨˬ䳬䷼柀➇˭ 炷organizational fields炸炻▿娎䳸⎰℔悐攨ˬ姽䋶˭⍲ˬ㚵⊁䷦㓰˭ℑ⣏栆㔯䌣炻娎⚾㍊䨞䁢ỽ㝸ṃ㨇斄⎗ẍ㍸ὃ庫䁢⋻崲䘬℔ℙ㚵⊁烎. ະȃНᝧӲ៬ Κȃഇႇ࢈‫ۻ‬ഌߟຠዪॏฬ‫׾‬๢ᐡᜱ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵ġ 㚱斄㚵⊁㓰傥ˣ⑩岒ˣ䷦㓰⍲㓡┬⚃ᾳ㤪⾝枿䁢暟⎴ˤ椾⃰炻ˬ㓰傥˭ᶨ娆⁦ Ʉ37Ʉ.

(4) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ⎹倂䃎⛐╖ᶨ䳬䷼䘬䚖㧁忼ㆸ䌯ˣㆸ㓿ㆾᶵ⎴䳬䷼䘬䚠⮵ㆸ㝄ˤ冒 1980 ⸜ẋ㖑㛇 ẍἮ炻㓰傥攳⥳塓ˬ⑩岒˭䚠⮵㭼庫䊡晀䘬㤪⾝㇨⍾ẋ炷Boyne, 2003a: 213炸ˤ㊱䄏 Folz 冯 Lyons炷1986: 23炸䘬婒㱽炻㚵⊁⑩岒冯㓰傥䘬㤪⾝㚱斄炻⎒ᶵ忶㗗䈡⇍ 叿慵⛐㚵⊁Ⰼ㫉ˣ⌛㗪⿏ˣὧ⇑⿏ˣ㬋䡢⿏炻ẍ⍲⚆ㅱ⿏ˤParasuraman et al.炷1988炸忚ᶨ㬍⛘⮯㚵⊁⑩岒⋨↮䁢⎗月⿏炷reliability炸ˣ⚆ㅱ⿏炷responsiveness炸ˣᾅ嫱⿏炷assurance炸ˣ⎴䎮⽫炷empathy炸炻ẍ⍲㚱⼊⿏炷tangibles炸䫱Ḽ⣏㥳朊炻㍸ὃ 䴻槿䞼䨞䘬㷔慷➢䢶ˤ㬌⢾炻ˬ㚵⊁䷦㓰˭炷service performance炸⊭⏓Ḯ䓊↢㔠慷ˣ䓊↢⑩岒ˣ㓰䌯ˣ℔⸛ˣ䳸㝄ˣ慹拊₡ῤ炻ẍ⍲栏⭊㺧シ⹎䫱㥳朊炷Boyne, 2003a: 214炸炻℞シ㵝怈㭼㓰傥Ἦ⼿⮔⺋炷Brewer & Selden, 2000: 689炸ˤ㚨⼴炻 ˬ㓡┬˭㲃㊯䛤⇵䘬ね⠫㗗⏎㭼忶⼨䁢Ἓ炷Toynbee & Walker, 2001炸炻侴ˬ㚵⊁ 㓡┬˭炷service improvement炸⎗䓴⭂䁢℔ℙ㚵⊁⮎晃冯シ⚾㧁㸾䞍奢ᷳ攻䵲⭮斄倗䘬䦳⹎炷Boyne, 2003a: 223炸ˤ䓙㕤㚵⊁㓡┬㶙⍿ˬ䳬䷼㓰傥˭ˣˬ䳬䷼ɬ㚵⊁ ䷦㓰˭䘬䞼䨞┇䘤炻㓭⇵徘㚵⊁䷦㓰㥳朊Ṏ⎗ἄ䁢㚵⊁㓡┬ᷳỸ嫱炷Boyne, 2003b: 368炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞慵溆⛐㕤㍊妶㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬炻埴㔯ᷕ劍㴱⍲㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶨ娆炻ḇ⁭叿慵⛐㚵⊁岒慷␴栏⭊㺧シ⹎䫱㚱旸Ⰼ朊ˤ ℔ℙ㚵⊁䷦㓰᷎ᶵ⤥≈ẍ堉慷炻㚦㚱檀忼ℓㆸ䘬伶⚳ⶪ䴻䎮㈧娵堉慷⛘㕡㓧⹄ 䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㗗ᶨẞ劎ⶖḳ炷Poister & Streib, 1999: 331炸ˤ劍䪁⛐ˬ⑩岒㓡┬㗗䁢Ḯ 婘˭䘬奺⹎炻䓙㕤℔㮹㗗℔ℙ屉屐冯㚵⊁䘬䳪䪗ἧ䓐侭炻℔㮹㺧シ⹎冒䃞怑⎰ἄ䁢 ⑩岒䘬㚧ẋ䈑ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻㚱䞼䨞䘤䎦⑩岒㓡┬㛒⽭㗗℔㮹㺧シ⹎䘬ⓗᶨ⼙枧⚈䳈炷Holzer et al., 2009ȑˤ 1 ⯌㚱䓂侭炻䷙ἧ℔ℙ㚵⊁䷦㓰⎗ẍ䘤⯽↢ᶨ⣿堉慷⇌ 㸾炻 Ữ⣂ ⃫ ⇑⭛ 斄Ὢ Ṣ 炷⤪ ⒉ⶍ ˣ 䭉䎮侭ˣ 㮹䛦炸䘬䚳㱽炷 Gowan, Seymour, Ibarreche, & Lackey, 2001炸炻ㆾ⎴シ岎Ḱ䘬㪲慵䴻ⷠ㚱⇍炷Boyne, 2003a: 220; Boyne, 2003b: 368炸ˤḇ⚈㬌炻⍵㗈䈡⭂㓗㊩侭⮵䳬䷼ⶍἄ姽揹䘬╖ᶨ㷔慷炻⮯㚫 Ὗ旸ㆹᾹ⮵㕤䳬䷼ㆸ≇⍲℞㰢⭂⚈䳈䘬䎮妋炷Amirkhanyan, Kim, & Lambright, 2014: 28炸ˤ䃉⿒᷶炻㚱婾侭ᷣ⻝㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰䋞⤪ᶨ䧖ˬ䳬䷼シ尉˭炷Boyne, 2003a: 221炸ㆾˬ䣦㚫⺢㥳˭炷Amirkhanyan et al., 2014: 3炸䘬䓊䈑炻忁ᶵ⁭栗䣢㚵 ⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬ℏ㵝⃭㺧叿㓧㱣⿏␴㪲嬲⿏炷Boyne, 2003b: 368炸炻ḇシ␛侭℔悐攨 ䷦㓰㷔慷⼨⼨㰺㚱╖ᶨ㚨Ἓᷳ忻炷Moynihan & Pandey, 2005: 433炸ˤ 1. Holzer et al.炷2009: 407-409炸㊯↢炻媠⤪悥ⶪ夷㧉ˣ䧖㕷ῷ夳炻ẍ⍲斄挝ḳẞ䫱⚈䳈炻䘮㚱⎗傥⼙枧⇘℔㮹㺧シ⹎炻忁栗䣢憅⮵℔㮹㺧シ⹎忚埴婧㞍晾䃞⎰䎮炻⌣㛒⽭嵛ẍ⇌ ⭂㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬⮎㱩ˤ. Ʉ38Ʉ.

(5) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 㛔䞼䨞娎⚾ẍ㓧⹄悐攨姽䋶䳸㝄ἄ䁢堉慷℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬ὅ㒂ˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻䋶枭冯墺㎂妰䔓㖑⶚ㆸ䁢℔ℙ䭉䎮㓡朑嬘䦳䘬慵天ᶨ䑘炷Borins, 2000a: 341炸炻2 ⯌℞冯ˬ㕘℔ℙ䭉䎮˭㇨⻟婧䘬䷦㓰䭉䎮冯㧁䪧䭉䎮⭮↯䚠斄炷Hartley & Downe, 2007: 333炸ˤ℔ℙ㚵⊁䋶枭㸸冒㕤⑩岒䭉䎮忳≽炻䚠斄妰䔓⬿㖐⣂⛐姽Ộ␴墺㎂䳬 ䷼䘬∝㕘冯㓡┬傥≃炻㚵⊁⑩岒䋶䘬㧉✳忂ⷠ⏓㊔柀⮶ˣ㳩䦳ˣṢ≃屯㸸䭉䎮ˣ䫾䔍夷∫ˣ栏⭊⮶⎹炻ẍ⍲㚨䳪ㆸ㝄䫱斄挝朊⎹冯⇌㸾炻悥⛐嗽䎮栏⭊⮶⎹⑩岒䘬㟠⽫₡ῤ炻᷎㩊夾䳬䷼㗗⏎℟⁁㊩临㓡┬䘬㓰傥炷Holzer et al., 2009: 411炸ˤ℔ℙ㚵 ⊁䋶枭䘬ㆸ攟ḇ塓枸㛇⎗ẍⷞἮ劍⸚㓰䙲炻⤪㚵⊁㓡┬ˣ℔ℙ㚵⊁㓡朑ˣ⑩岒㓡 ┬ˣ℔ℙᾉả⹎㍸檀ˣ䳬䷼㓰傥㍸檀ˣ℔ℙ㱣䎮㍸⋯ˣ⻟⊾∝㕘炻ẍ⍲ℙṓ㚨Ἓ⮎ ⊁炷Hartley & Downe, 2007: 331-332炸ˤ䷥侴妨ᷳ炻䳬䷼忳䓐䋶枭䘬姽Ộ⇌㸾Ἦ㊯娵㚱⼭㓡┬䘬柀➇炻忁䧖㇨媪䘬ˬ姽䋶⇌㸾徼⼹˭炷the prize criteria approach炸炻 Connor炷1997炸娵䁢㗗䔞ẋἧ䓐⑩岒㤪⾝䘬ᷣ天徼⼹ˤ 忁栆妰䔓䘬姽䋶䳸㝄㗗⏎嵛ẍ忋䳸㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬烎⽆㓧䫾⇞⭂侭冯⮎⊁ⶍ ἄ侭奺⹎Ἦ䚳炻䋶枭ᶵ⁭䓐Ἦ▱姙㤕⶚䘤⯽↢ℐ朊⑩岒䭉䎮ㆾ℞Ṿ⑩岒㕡㱽婾䘬檀 ䷦㓰䳬䷼炻⎴㗪ḇ㚱≑㕤列┬⮎⊁冯⑩岒妲〗䘬㒜㔋炻侴㚨䳪䚖䘬⇯㗗䁢Ḯ㓡┬℔ ℙ㚵⊁炷Hartley & Downe, 2007: 329-330炸ˤ䷙ἧ⃱嬄ᶲン⹎庫䁢ᾅ䔁䘬⬠侭⤪ Wilford炷2007: 333, 339, 345炸炻ᷣ⻝䋶枭ᶵㅱ娚夾䁢㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲䘬叔曰ᷡ炻3 ⌣ ḇᶵ⏎娵恋ṃ䌚䋶㨇斄⛐傥≃ᶲ䫎⎰䋶枭㇨姕⭂ᷳ⇌㸾ˤ䚠Ụ⛘炻Radnor炷2009: 437, 456炸Ṏ娵䁢炻⃀䭉炷劙⚳℔ℙ㚵⊁炸䋶枭妰䔓㛒⽭䷥㗗冯䷦㓰㷔慷冯䭉䎮䚜㍍䚠斄炻Ữ䋶枭妰䔓䡢⮎墺㎂Ḯ㚵⊁㓡┬䘬⤥溆⫸冯⮎⊁炻㓭侴炻䋶枭冯䷦㓰ᷳ斄 Ὢ⎗ẍ夾䁢⎴岒䘬炷homogenous炸ˤ䓙㕤℔悐攨㘖念㫈仢䌚⇑冯嘏㎵䘬㖶䡢㷔慷炻㓭㺧嵛忁栆䋶枭㇨姕⭂䘬媠⣂㧁㸾炻忪塓㍐⭂䁢㚱≑㕤㓡┬䳬䷼䷦㓰ˤ借㗗ᷳ 㓭炻℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒䋶⎗ẍ塓夾䁢ᶨ䧖㊯娵㚨Ἓ⮎⊁㨇斄ˣ墺㎂㚵⊁䷦㓰⋻崲䘬㨇斄炻ẍ⍲Ὣ忚℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒㊩临㓡┬ᷳ徼⼹炷Holzer et al., 2009: 411-13炸ˤ 䵄ᶲ㇨徘炻⛐䎮婾冯㕡㱽婾➢䢶ᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞`⭂ㆸ≇䘬䳬䷼䎮䔞㚫⮯㚵⊁⑩岒䘬䎮婾冯⍇⇯≈ẍㅱ䓐ˤ῀劍䚠斄㧁㸾␴⇌㸾㤕⶚䲵ℍ䈡⭂䋶枭㳣≽᷎ᷕ≈ẍ夷䭬炻⇯恋ṃ䌚䋶㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰ㅱ娚㗗㶙⍿偗⭂䘬ˤSimon炷1998炸ὧ㗗⽆伶⚳倗. 2. 3. 役⸜Ἦ⬠侭ḇ攳⥳斄㲐㬌䫱䋶枭䘬⏠⺽≃冯⼴㓰⿏炻⤪ Chuan 冯 Soon炷2000炸ˣHartley 冯 Downe炷2007炸ˤ Wilford炷2007: 345炸堐䣢炻䌚䋶侭㚱⎗傥⛐䓛婳⍫䋶ᷳ⇵ὧ⶚㚱ᶵ拗䘬堐䎦炻⚈㬌炻䋶枭⮎晃ᶲ⎒ᶵ忶㈧娵㨇斄䘬檀䷦㓰炻侴朆䧵㤝溻⊝ㆾ槭≽⋻崲ˤ Ʉ39Ʉ.

(6) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 恎㓧⹄㨇斄㗗⏎䌚⼿ˬ䷥䴙⑩岒䋶˭炷President’s Quality Award炸ἄ䁢䳬䷼䷦㓰䚠 ⮵ㆸ≇冯⏎䘬堉慷㧁㸾炻ẍ㍊䨞ㆸ≇䳬䷼ᷳ㼃⛐ℙ⎴Ⱄ⿏ˤ㛔䞼䨞⮯ὅ⇵徘妶婾䳸㝄炻ἄ䁢㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬㑵ἄ⊾ᷳ➢䢶ˤ. Ρȃኈ៫ᐡᜱ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫ޠ‬ϸ‫࢝ݚ‬ᄻġ 䓙㕤℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬㔯䌣䦨⮹炻栗䣢忁栆䞼䨞℟㚱䘤⯽㼃≃炷Cabral & Lazzarini, 2014: 2炸炻㛔䞼䨞忪⽭枰㒜⣏㩊教䚠斄ᷣ柴炷⤪䳬䷼䷦㓰炸㔯䌣ˤ℔ℙ 䳬䷼䷦㓰⊭⏓ˬℏ悐˭冯ˬ⢾悐˭Ⰼ朊炻ℙ⎴斄㲐㓰䌯ˣ㓰傥冯℔⸛₡ῤ䘬忼ㆸ 炷Brewer & Selden, 2000: 689炸烊⃀䭉䳬䷼䷦㓰怈㭼㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㤪⾝Ἦ⼿⮔⺋炻Ữ ˬ栏⭊㚵⊁⍾⎹˭炷Chun & Rainey, 2005: 540炸⌣㗗ℑ侭䘬Ṍ普炻⤪㬌䚳Ἦ炻恋ṃ ⼙枧䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬⚈䳈⣂⮹ḇ㚫⼙枧㨇斄䘬㚵⊁⑩岒ˤ ⣏橼ᶲ炻䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬䞼䨞㚱ℑ䧖栆✳烉⤪ỽ㷔慷䷦㓰䘬䞼䨞⍲⤪ỽ忳䓐ᶨ⣿䌐䩳嬲枭Ἦ枸㷔䷦㓰炷Lee & Whitford, 2013: 688炸ˤLynnˣHeinrich 冯 Hill炷2000炸㍸↢ˬ㱣䎮䘬怷廗˭炷a logic of governance炸ἄ䁢䷦㓰堉慷㧉✳炻᷎㊯↢䑘⠫⚈ 䳈ˣ㚵⊁⮵尉Ⱄ⿏ˣ嗽㕡炷䳬䷼ᷣ天ⶍἄㆾ㟠⽫㳩䦳炸ˣ䳸㥳炷⤪普㪲⊾䦳⹎ˣ≇ 傥↮⊾ˣ枸䬿惵伖炸炻ẍ⍲䭉䎮奺刚冯埴≽炷⤪柀⮶Ⱄ⿏ˣ⮰㤕ᷣ佑炸炻䘮⎗傥⼙枧䓊↢ɬ䳸㝄ˤO’Toole 冯 Meier炷2014炸㔜⎰↢ᶨ⣿ˬ䲣䴉䎮婾˭炷a theory of context炸炻ᷣ⻝䷦㓰ᷫ㶙⍿䳬䷼⢾悐䘬㓧㱣䑘⠫炷㪲≃普ᷕ⹎炸冯ᶨ凔䑘⠫炷⤪墯暄⿏ˣ≽䚒⿏ˣ⭴棺⿏炸炻ẍ⍲䳬䷼ℏ悐䘬⚈䳈炷⤪䚖㧁ˣⰌ䳂⊾ˣ⮰㤕ᷣ佑炸㇨⼙枧ˤChun 冯 Rainey炷2005炸䘤䎦炻㝸ṃ栆✳䘬䚖㧁㧉䱲⿏㚫旣䣁栏⭊㚵⊁⍾⎹ 䘬䷦㓰忼ㆸˤBrewer 冯 Selden炷2000炸㍸↢ᶨ⣿⊭⏓䳬䷼㔯⊾ˣṢ≃屯㛔冯傥 ≃ˣ㨇斄⮵䷦㓰䭉䎮䘬慵夾⹎ˣ柀⮶冯䚋䜋炻ẍ⍲䷩㔯䷇䭨䫱㨇斄Ⰼ㫉䘬嬲枭炻䓐 ẍ㍊䨞℞⮵䳬䷼䷦㓰㥳ㆸᷳ⼙枧ˤMoynihan 冯 Pandey炷2005炸䘤䎦炻㮹怠⭀⒉䘬㓗㊩ẍ⍲℔䛦␴⨺橼䘬⼙枧䫱⢾悐䑘⠫嬲枭炻ẍ⍲∝忈䘤⯽⿏䳬䷼㔯⊾䘬傥≃ˣ德忶㶭㘘䘬䚖㧁倂䃎䳸㝄ˣ↮㪲⊾㰢䫾㪲⦩䫱ℏ悐䭉䎮怠㑯䘬嬲枭炻悥㚫㬋⎹⼙枧䳬 ䷼㓰傥ˤLonti 冯 Verma炷2003炸䘤䎦℔ℙ⡻≃ˣ枸䬿旸⇞炻ẍ⍲䭉䎮冒ᷣ⿏䫱⚈ 䳈炻冯䳬䷼ⶍἄ⮎⊁∝㕘ᷳ攻℟㚱檀⹎㬋䚠斄ˤHodgsonˣFarrell 冯 Connolly 炷2007炸㊯↢⼙枧℔ℙ㚵⊁䷦㓰㓡┬䘬⚈䳈炻⊭㊔烉䪞䇕ˣ柀⮶ˣἄ㤕嬲朑ˣ⍫ 冯ˣ⑩岒䭉䎮㈨埻ˣ屯㸸炻ẍ⍲䳬䷼夷㧉ˤBurke 冯 Litwin炷1992炸㊯↢劍⸚嬲枭炷⤪⢾悐䑘⠫ˣἧ␥冯䫾䔍ˣ柀⮶ˣ䭉䎮⮎⊁ˣ䳸㥳䫱炸ᷳ攻䘬ṌḺ斄Ὢ炻⼰⎗傥⼙枧㚨䳪䘬ᾳṢ冯䳬䷼䷦㓰ˤBoyne炷2003b炸德忶㔯䌣㩊教䘤䎦炻屯㸸ˣ䭉⇞. Ʉ40Ʉ.

(7) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 炷塩慷旸⇞炸ˣⶪ⟜䳸㥳ˣ䳬䷼炷⤪夷㧉ˣ普㪲⊾ˣ㬋⺷⊾炸炻ẍ⍲䭉䎮炷⤪柀 ⮶ˣ䳬䷼㔯⊾ˣṢ≃屯㸸䭉䎮ˣ䫾䔍炸䫱嬲枭炻⼰⎗傥㰢⭂㨇斄㚵⊁㓡┬ˤ AndrewsˣBoyne 冯 Walker炷2006b炸⮎嫱䳸㝄栗䣢炻䫾䔍ℏ㵝炷⤪∝㕘冯㊩临㕘䘬㚵⊁ⶪ⟜炸冯℔ℙ䳬䷼䷦㓰〗〗䚠斄ˤ ⍿ ⇵ 徘 Lynn et al. 炷 2000 炸 ˣ O’Toole 冯 Meier 炷 2014 炸炻 ẍ ⍲ Boyne 炷2003b炸䘬㊯⺽炻㛔䞼䨞▿娎㍸↢ᶨ⣿↮㜸㧉✳炻䓐ẍ㍊䨞⼙枧➢Ⰼ⭀₂䳬䷼㚵 ⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬㥳朊冯嬲枭炷⍫夳ᶳ⚾ᶨ炸炻4 勚↮徘⤪ᶳ烉. ‫ق࡚ښ‬๝! ୥ྲᄈຬ! 䚠䔘⋨➇ 䚠⎴⋨➇ ‫࡚ښ‬՞֮! 埴㓧⋨➇ 㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂. ಣᙒ឵‫!ܓ‬ ᐡᜱ೤ዂ. ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢!. 枸䬿柵⹎ ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠 ᐡᜱԒឮ!. ಣᙒስᏳ! ᙜీစᡜ! ഻ུ‫ڦ‬Ӫ!. ⚾ᶨ ↮㜸㝞㥳屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒墥. 4. ⫿朊ᶲ炻㚵⊁⑩岒ㅱ娚㗗ˬ㊩临㓡┬˭䘬ⶍἄˤ䃞侴炻ˬ㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬˭㖊⎗夾䁢ᶨ ˬ忶䦳˭炻Ṏ⎗夾䁢ᶨˬ昶㭝⿏䳸㝄˭炻㛔㔯䁢ˬ㨓㕟朊˭ᷳ䞼䨞炻㓭ẍ⼴侭夾ᷳ炻⚈ 㬌炻㨇斄ˬ⼿䋶冯⏎˭⎗ẍ夾䁢℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬昶㭝⿏ㆸ㝄ᷳ⯽䎦ˤ Ʉ41Ʉ.

(8) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ȞΚȟ‫ق࡚ښ‬๝Ȉ୥ྲᄈຬġ ⇞⹎䲣䴉䋞⤪ Bamberger炷2008: 840炸㇨妨烉ˬ䓐ẍ妋慳䳬䷼埴䁢䘬ね⠫⚈ 䳈炻℞⊭⏓Ƀ悐攨ɃⰔ⿏炻ẍ⍲℞Ṿ夷䭬冯⇞⹎⿏䳸㥳␴橼⇞˭ˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻⢾悐䑘 ⠫⤪䪞䇕䑘⠫䘬㓡嬲ᷫ⣏悐↮䳬䷼嬲朑䘬ᷣ天槭≃炷Burke & Litwin, 1992: 530炸炻 Balk炷1975: 38-39炸⯙㊯↢炻ˬ⭀₂䳬䷼⬀⛐℞Ṿ㨇斄⍲㓧㱣冯䣦㚫≃慷㇨㥳ㆸ䘬䞑昋ᷕ炻忁ṃ≃慷⼤㬌䈥⺽ˤ㬌ᶨ䚠Ḻ⼙枧忶䦳⮶农≽㨇䳸㝄䘬䓊䓇炻⼙枧Ḯ㓧 ⹄Ƀ㓡┬䓇䓊≃ᷳシ栀˭烊㎃妨ᷳ炻䳬䷼䞼䨞⽭枰㬋夾ˬ⇞⹎搚⳴⿏˭ 炷institutional embeddedness: Noordegraaf & Stewart, 2000; Damanpour & Schneider, 2009 炸炻 Ṏ ⌛ ⇞ ⹎ 䌐䈡⿏⼰ ⎗ 傥⼙枧㚵 ⊁ ∝ 㕘䘬㍍ ⍿ 冯㒜㔋 ˤ 㕘 ⇞ ⹎ 婾侭 DiMaggio 冯 Powell炷1983炸忚ᶨ㬍㈲⇞⹎⊾䘬㨇⇞䳘↮䁢ᶱ炻↮⇍㗗烉⻟⇞⎴⼊ ᷣ佑炷coercive isomorphism炸ˣ夷䭬⎴⼊ᷣ佑炷normative isomorphism炸炻ẍ⍲㧉 ầ⎴⼊ᷣ佑炷mimetic isomorphism炸炻↠栗↢䣦㚫㛇⼭ˣ⎴₽⡻≃炻ẍ⍲⮳㯪⇞⹎ 㬋䔞⿏ᷫ㍊䨞䳬䷼埴䁢䘬慵天䶂䳊ˤ ∝㕘㒜㔋䘬㔯䌣Ṏ␤ㅱ⇞⹎䲣䴉䘬慵天炻⤪ Berry 冯 Berry炷1999炸㍸↢Ḯ ˬ 㒜㔋㧉 ✳ ˭ 炷 diffusion models 炸冯 ˬ ℏ 悐㰢 ⭂ 㧉 ✳ ˭ 炷 internal determinants models炸炻℞ᷕ炻㒜㔋㧉✳⊭⏓ˬ⚳⭞Ḻ≽㧉✳˭炷national interaction model炸ˣ ˬ⋨➇㒜㔋㧉✳˭炷the regional diffusion model炸ˣˬ柀⮶侭ȹ句⼴侭㧉✳˭ 炷leader–laggard models炸炻ẍ⍲ˬ✪䚜⼙枧㧉✳˭炷vertical influence models炸⚃ 侭ˤ⤈⭂⛐ᶲ徘䞍嬀側㘗ᶳ炻⣂㔠䋶枭妰䔓Ṏ溻⊝䚠⎴㚵⊁柀➇䘬䳬䷼攻炻傥⣈䚠 Ḻ⬠佺ˣ↮ṓ列┬⮎⊁炻㛇㛃傥䘤⯽↢ᶨ⣿㚵⊁∝㕘ㅱ䓐䘬㯜⸛㓡┬㨇⇞炷Hartley & Downe, 2007: 331炸ˤ 㕘⇞⹎婾溆↢⇞⹎≽㨇㚱≑㕤䎮妋㨇斄埴䁢ㆸ⚈炻∝㕘㒜㔋䎮婾⇯㊯↢∝㕘⃰ 槭侭䘬埴䁢櫭≃ 炻㚱揺㕤℔ 悐攨姽䋶妰䔓⼨⼨ ℤ℟ 䪞䇕冯 ⬠佺䚖䘬炷 Löffler, 2001炸炻⚈㬌炻⇞⹎䲣䴉ᷕ姕劍⬀⛐㚵⊁∝㕘冯⑩岒⋻崲䘬⃰槭㨇斄炻⮯㚱≑㕤⇢ 㽨℞Ṿ㨇斄䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬烊恋ṃ㚵⊁∝㕘傥≃ᶵ嵛⋨➇䘬℔ℙ䭉䎮侭炻⎗啱㬌⎹ ䷦㓰⃰槭䘬⎴₽㰚⍾䴻槿炷Wu, Ma, & Yang, 2013炸ˤ⍵ᷳ炻ᶨ㖎⇞⹎䲣䴉ᷕᶵ⬀ ⛐忁栆⃰槭侭炻⮵㕤⃰⣑仢᷷ⶪ⟜䪞䇕䘬埴㓧㨇斄侴妨炻℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬⇞⹎≽ 㨇⊊⽭㚜≈⋙᷷炷Jun & Weare, 2011: 502炸ˤ㗗㓭炻䳬䷼䲣䴉ᷕ⍫䄏⮵尉䘬⬀⛐冯 ⏎炻⼰⎗傥㚫⇢㽨㨇斄䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ˤ H1 ⎴ᶨ⋨➇ᷕ⬀⛐䈡⭂⍫䄏⮵尉炻⮯㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. Ʉ42Ʉ.

(9) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. H2 ᶵ⎴⋨➇ᷕ⬀⛐䈡⭂⍫䄏⮵尉炻⮯㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. ȞΡȟ‫ق࡚ښ‬๝Ȉ‫࡚ښ‬՞֮ġ ˬ⇞⹎ỵ⛨˭炷institutional location炸㲃㊯埴㓧㨇斄㇨Ⱄ䘬ˬ埴㓧⋨➇˭␴ ˬ㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂˭侴妨ˤ5 ⯙⇵侭侴妨炻㚱䞼䨞炷Cabral & Lazzarini, 2014炸⺢嬘ㆹᾹㅱ ⣂斄㲐⇞⹎䲣䴉㛔幓⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰㥳ㆸᷳ⼙枧ˤ㬌⢾炻㟡㒂 Wu et al.炷2013: 357358炸䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ᷕ⚳⣏映ᶵ⎴䘬⛘䎮⋨➇炷⤪ᷕ悐ˣ大悐ˣ㜙悐炸ˣ㧁䘬Ṣ⎋ 炷⤪悥㚫⋨ˣ悱㛹⋨炸ˣ埴㓧Ⰼ䳂炷⤪䚩ˣⶪˣ䷋ˣ捖ˣ㛹炸ᷕ炻㨇斄㇨堐䎦↢Ἦ 䘬∝㕘栆✳冯傥≃⣏䔘℞嵋ˤ⣏橼ᶲ炻㜙悐⛘⋨ˣ悥㚫⋨炻ẍ⍲ⶪ冯䷋忁栆ᷕ䫱Ⰼ 䳂ˣ㈧ᶲ┇ᶳ䘬⛘㕡㓧⹄炻㭼庫℟㚱∝㕘⍾⎹炻忁婒㖶Ḯ⛘䎮⋨➇ㅱ⎗ἄ䁢㨇斄㚵 ⊁䷦㓰䘬枸㷔嬲枭ˤġ ⯙⼴侭侴妨炻埴㓧㨇斄晠Ⱄ䘬㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂䴻ⷠ㗗䚠斄䞼䨞斄㲐䘬嬲枭ˤ冱ἳἮ 婒炻⛐㭼庫伶⚳⛘㕡㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㯜⸛㗪炻Holzer et al.炷2009: 414炸⯙䘤䎦伶⚳ 䲣䴉ᷕ冒㱣ⶪ䘬⑩岒㓡┬⯌℞⚘暋ˤBorins炷2000b: 500; 2000c: 48炸↮⇍䞼䨞伶⚳ 冯 ≈ ㊧ ⣏ ⎬ 䳂㓧 ⹄ 炻㚱斄伶 ⚳ 㓧 ⹄ 䋶枭妰䔓炷 American Government Awards Program炸䘬⍫䋶ˣℍ⚵冯䌚䋶↮ⶫね⼊炻䘤䎦ⶆ冯䚩䳂䘬㓧⹄㨇斄崭忶⋲㔠ˤ㬌 ⢾炻Hartley 冯 Downe炷2007: 339, 348炸䘤䎦炻㚱ṃ劙⚳㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂ᷕ䘬䔞⯨炷⤪⋨ 嬘㚫炸⽆Ἦᶵ㚦⍫䋶炻シ㊯娚䋶枭⮵㕤忁栆⮷✳⛘㕡㓧⹄㭼庫ᶵ℟㚱⏠⺽≃ˤ䵄⎰ ᶲ徘炻㛔䞼䨞枸㛇埴㓧㨇斄㇨Ⱄ埴㓧⋨➇␴㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂⮯㚫⼙枧℞㚵⊁∝㕘冯㓡┬ˤ H3 㨇斄㇨Ⱄ䘬埴㓧⋨➇ⶖ䔘炻⮯㚫⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ H4 㨇斄㇨Ⱄ䘬㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂ⶖ䔘炻⮯㚫⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. Ȟήȟಣᙒ឵‫ܓ‬Ȉᐡᜱ೤ዂġ ⬠侭㖑⶚㊯↢䳬䷼䳸㥳㚫⼙枧䳬䷼㓰傥炷Kimberly, 1976炸炻侴䳬䷼夷㧉ᷫ䳬 ䷼䳸㥳䘬慵天Ⱄ⿏ᷳᶨˤ䵄⎰⣂ỵ⬠侭炷e.g. Amirkhanyan et al., 2014: 8; Boyne, 2003b: 370-371; Damanpour, 1992炸䘬奨溆炻䓙㕤⣏✳䳬䷼景䓐㭼庫⣂䘬⮰㤕⒉ ⶍ炻㓭⛐⓷柴妋㰢傥≃ᶲ㚫⊅忶⮷✳䳬䷼炻⎴㗪炻⣏✳䳬䷼㭼庫傥⣈忼⇘夷㧉䴻㾇ˤ䃞侴炻⣏✳䳬䷼㇨⃭㕍䘬䷩㔯䷇䭨⎗傥㚫旣䣁∝㕘侴⼙枧䳬䷼䷦㓰ˤ㬌⢾炻⮷ ✳䳬䷼㭼庫傥⣈曰㳣⚈ㅱ䑘⠫䘬暨㯪␴㓡嬲炻⚈㬌庫㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⚆ㅱ⿏冯㓰傥炻忁 5. 娚⎵ 娆ῇ⍾冒 Chun 冯 Rainey炷2005: 542炸䘬䞼䨞炻㊯埴㓧㨇斄晠Ⱄ㕤埴㓧悐攨炷executive departments炸䘬ℏ悐ㆾ⢾悐侴妨ˤ㛔㔯⇯≈ẍ㒜⣏娖慳ˤ Ʉ43Ʉ.

(10) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ḇ㗗℠✳℔ℙ怠㑯䎮婾⭞㇨㍸↢䘬ᷣ⻝ˤ ⛐䴻槿䞼䨞ᶲ炻McCallionˣMcKillop 冯 Kerr炷1999: 27炸憅⮵⊿ッ䇦嗕慓昊䘬䚠⮵㓰䙲忚埴䞼䨞炻䘤䎦⣏✳慓昊㭼崟⮷✳慓昊℟㚱庫檀䘬ㆸ㛔㓰䙲ˣ惵伖㓰䙲炻 ẍ⍲㈨埻㓰䙲ˤMoon 冯 Norris炷2005: 55-56炸䘤䎦炻䚠庫㕤⮷✳㓧⹄炻⣏✳㓧⹄ 㑩㚱㭼庫⣂䘬⇑⭛斄ὪṢ炻⽭枰㓷㕤⮇奢℞暨㯪炻⎴㗪ḇ㑩㚱㭼庫⣂䘬埴㓧屯㸸炻㓭侴㭼庫㦪㕤㍸ὃ暣⫸⊾䘬∝㕘㚵⊁ˤ䚠⮵⛘炻Drake 冯 Simper炷2003: 165炸憅⮵ 劙㟤嗕␴⦩䇦㕗嬎⯨㇨ἄ䘬䞼䨞⇯⼿↢䚠⍵嫱㒂炻℞䘤䎦⮷✳嬎⯨㭼庫㰺㚱䳬䷼冯䭉䎮Ⰼ䳂䘬⓷柴炻⚈㬌⯽䎦↢Ἦ䘬㓰䌯庫檀ˤ㚱揺㕤䳬䷼夷㧉⮵㕤℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒㓡 ┬䘬嫱㒂ṵ冲㧉䱲冯ᶵ嵛炻⬠侭␤䰚憅⮵忁ᾳᷣ柴ㅱ娚⽆ḳ㚜⣂䞼䨞炷Hodgson et al., 2007: 374炸ˤ ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠⎹Ἦ㗗䳬䷼夷㧉䘬ᷣ天㷔慷㕡⺷炻Ữ䳬䷼夷㧉㛒⽭㊯㴱⊆≽≃⣏⮷ 炷Aldrich, 1972: 33炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞ὅ⽒ Kimberly炷1976炸␴ Jung炷2013: 667炸䘬⺢嬘炻昌Ḯ㨇斄⒉ⶍ䷥㔠ᷳ⢾炻ḇ⮯㨇斄枸䬿夷㧉䲵ℍ㷔慷ˤ⯙⇵侭侴妨炻⃀䭉ᶵ夳⼿㇨㚱䞼䨞炷Lee & Whitford, 2013: 707炸悥㓗㊩⒉ⶍ䷥㔠␴㚵⊁䷦㓰䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炻 Ữᶵ⮹䞼䨞炷Brewer, 2005; Gooding & Wagner, 1985炸㊯↢炻㨇斄⒉柵⣂⮉⮵㕤䳬 ䷼䷦㓰㗗㚱⼙枧䘬炻⯌℞ᶨ㖎䳬䷼忶⹎䱦䯉Ṣ≃⮯ᶵ⇑㕤䳬䷼㓰傥䘬堐䎦ˤ⯙⼴侭侴妨炻㚱斄屯㸸冯㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炻Boyne炷2003b: 369炸㍸↢Ḯ⻟ˣ⻙ ℑ䧖䎮婾奨溆忚埴妋慳炻℞ᷕ⻟⊊䎮婾䇰㛔⺢嬘炻庫⣂䘬℔ℙ䴻屣㗗㚵⊁㓡┬䘬⃭ ↮天ẞ炻味㬌冱⽭䃞⮶农℔ℙ㚵⊁㔠慷冯⑩岒䘬㍸⋯烊军㕤⻙⊊䇰㛔⇯⺢嬘炻庫⣂ 䘬㓗↢ᷫ⽭天Ữ᷎朆⃭↮㡅ẞ炻味屯㸸⽭枰㚱㓰䭉䎮㕡傥㍸ὃ㤝⣏⊾䘬㼃⛐㓰䙲ˤ ẍ㔁做柀➇䁢ἳ炻㚱斄⬠㟉䘬㔁做㓗↢⮵㕤⬠䓇⬠佺ㆸ㓰ᷳ⼙枧Ụ᷶ḇ㰺㚱⭂婾炷Wenglinsky, 1997: iii炸ˤ䵄⎰㔯䌣妶婾䳸㝄炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢ẍᶳ`姕烉 H5 㨇斄枸䬿柵⹎⣂庫㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ H6 㨇斄⒉ⶍ䷥㔠⣂庫㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. Ȟѳȟಣᙒ឵‫ܓ‬ȈᐡᜱԒឮġ ⯙ 䳬 ䷼ 䓇ン ⬠ ˣ 䳬 ䷼ ゘⿏ ㆾ 䳬 ䷼ 嬲朑䘬奨溆侴妨炷 Hannan & Freeman, 1984炸炻ẍ䳬䷼⸜漉冯夷㧉ἄ䁢冒嬲枭ℑ侭攻䚳Ụ℟㚱㝸䧖䚠斄⿏炻Ữ䴻槿㔯䌣炷Chun & Rainey, 2005; Lee & Whitford, 2013炸䴻ⷠ≈ẍᾳ⇍嗽䎮ˤ㚱斄㨇斄⸜漉 ⮵㕤䳬䷼嬲朑冯㚵⊁㓡┬㇨忈ㆸ䘬⼙枧炻DobrevˣKim 冯 Carroll炷2003: 269炸堐䣢炻晐叿⸜漉冯夷㧉ㆸ攟炻䳬䷼⮯㚫嬲⼿堘侩ˣ♜慵⭀₂⊾炻ẍ⍲塓忶㗪䘬夷䪈. Ʉ44Ʉ.

(11) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 炷obsolete blueprints炸㇨㉾䳗ˤ⮵㬌炻Wollebaeck炷2009: 367-368炸忚ᶨ㬍妋慳⤪ ᶳ烉䳬䷼⸜漉怆⡆⯙徸㻠朊冐ἳ夷⊾␴ℏ⛐ᶨ农⿏䘬⡻≃烊䳬䷼䁢Ḯ䵕嬟℞㖊⼿⇑ 䙲炻䈡⇍㗗屯㸸ˣ㪲≃冯䈡㪲䘬↮惵䲣䴙炻农ἧ嬲朑⚘暋慵慵烊㬌⢾炻䳬䷼ḇ天彶 ⎰⢾䓴䘬㝸ṃ㛇⼭炻农ἧ⸜攟䘬䳬䷼䦳⹎ᶲ㚜≈搚⳴㕤⢾悐斄Ὢˤᶲ徘婒㖶␤ㅱḮ Hannan 冯 Freeman炷1984: 157炸䘬ˬ䳸㥳゘⿏晐⸜漉♜㟤怆⡆˭䚳㱽ˤ 㝸ṃ䴻槿䞼䨞炷Sørensen & Stuart, 2000炸嫱⮎Ḯ⸜漉冯゘⿏ᷳ攻䘬䶂⿏斄Ὢ炻 Ữ㚱ṃ䴻槿䞼䨞⇯㍸↢ᶵ⎴䘤䎦炻ἳ⤪炻Thornhill 冯 Amit炷2003炸堐䣢炻䘤⯽䳬 ䷼䈡⭂䘬䞍嬀ˣ㈨傥冯傥≃暨天㗪攻炻侴⸜庽䳬䷼䣁㕤ᶨ凔⿏䭉䎮≇傥㛒冣ㆸ䅇炻㭼庫⭡㖻朊冐⣙㓿ˤ役㛇炻Chen炷2014炸憅⮵伶⚳朆䆇⇑䳬䷼㇨忚埴䘬⮎嫱䞼䨞栗䣢炻㨇斄侩⊾冯䳬䷼∝㕘ˣ䭉䎮桐晒㈧㑼⁦⎹炻ẍ⍲䳬䷼䷩㔯䷇䭨ᷳ攻㇨⏰䎦䘬 ℞⮎㗗ᶨ䧖䘬朆䶂⿏斄Ὢ炻忁㗗㢵➢⛐ẍ䳬䷼⸜漉ἄ䁢⍫侫㝞㥳㇨䘤⯽↢Ἦ䘬⣂昶㭝㤪⾝㧉✳䘬䘤䎦ᶲˤ⮵㛔䞼䨞侴妨炻朆䆇⇑䳬䷼冯㓧⹄悐攨䘬䳬䷼䲣䴉䳪䨞㚱㇨ ᶵ⎴炻侴䚠斄䴻槿䞼䨞䘬䘤䎦ḇ᷎ᶵᶨ农炻䵄⎰侫慷⎬枭䳸婾炻㛔䞼䨞枸㛇檀漉㨇斄⮵℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬㚫㥳ㆸ屈朊⼙枧ˤ H7 ⸜庽㨇斄庫㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. ȞϥȟಣᙒስᏳȈᙜీစᡜġ ℔ℙ埴㓧㔯䌣⣏⣂斄㲐㕤℔悐攨柀⮶侭䘬ᾳṢ栀㘗ˣ㈨傥ẍ⍲櫭≃炻⮵㕤䳬䷼ 忳ἄ冯䷦㓰㇨ⷞἮᷳ⼙枧炷Brewer & Selden, 2000: 693炸ˤ柀⮶⎗ẍ㓡┬℔ℙ㚵⊁ ䷦㓰炻⤪ᶵ⎴䘬柀⮶桐㟤⮵㕤䳬䷼ㆸ⯙⎗傥℟㚱㼃⛐⼙枧炷Boyne, 2003b: 371炸ˤ ⮎嫱屯㕁ḇ栗䣢炻柀⮶侭Ⱄ⿏㚫⼙枧℔ℙ䳬䷼∝㕘㍉埴炷Damanpour & Schneider, 2009炸烊恋ṃ⶚䌚⼿䷥䴙⑩岒䋶䘬伶⚳倗恎㨇斄炻⼨⼨ḇ㑩㚱ᶵ拗䘬柀⮶炷Simon, 1998炸ˤ⣏㉝ᶲ炻忁ṃ䞼䨞␤ㅱḮ Borins炷2001: 314-315炸䘬婧㞍䳸㝄烉柀⮶⮵㕤 ℔ℙ䭉䎮∝㕘㈖㺼Ḯᶨ䧖㓗㊩奺刚ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻ḇ㚱婧㞍䞼䨞䘤䎦炻柀⮶䘬⼙枧≃ Ụ᷶㛒⤪㔯䌣㇨妨凔⁛䤆炻⮵㬌炻Brewer 冯 Selden炷2000: 704炸㍸↢ᶨ䧖⎗傥䘬妋慳烉柀⮶⮵㕤䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬㬋⎹⼙枧㗗德忶䳬䷼㔯⊾䘬⺢䩳␴䵕专Ἦ忼ㆸ䘬ˤ㎃妨 ᷳ炻柀⮶䘬⼙枧≃℞⮎㗗攻㍍䘬ˤ ˬ檀昶䎮婾˭炷upper echelons theory炸㖶䘥妋慳ỽẍ埴㓧椾攟㚫⮵䳬䷼䷦㓰㥳 ㆸ冱嵛庽慵ᷳ⼙枧ˤ㟡㒂 Hambrick 冯 Mason炷1984炸䘬婒㱽炻䳬䷼䷦㓰ᷫ䳬䷼ᷕ ℟㚱⼙枧≃埴≽侭䘬₡ῤ冯娵䞍➢䢶ᷳ⍵⮬炻⚈㬌炻媠⤪⸜漉ˣ⮰㤕側㘗ˣ℞Ṿ借㵗䴻槿炷⤪ℏ䓇ㆾ⢾墄炸ˣ㔁做ˣ䣦䴻側㘗ˣ屉⊁⛘ỵ炻ẍ⍲⛀橼Ⱄ⿏炷⤪⎴岒ㆾ. Ʉ45Ʉ.

(12) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 䔘岒炸䫱䭉䎮側㘗Ⱄ⿏炻⮯㚱≑㕤枸㷔㨇斄䘬䫾䔍怠㑯冯㚵⊁䷦㓰ˤHambrick 冯 Mason炷1984: 204炸ḇ⺢嬘㛒Ἦ㚱岜㚜⣂䘬ˬ冐⸲䞼䨞˭Ἦ⃭⮎䭉䎮Ⱄ⿏炷⤪℔ℙ 㚵⊁≽㨇ˣ桐晒㈧㑼⁦⎹䫱炸䘬ℏ㵝ˤ役⸜Ἦ炻劍⸚℔ℙ埴㓧⬠侭炷e.g. Damanpour & Schneider, 2009; Esteve, Boyne, Sierra, & Ysa, 2013; Petrovsky, James, & Boyne, 2014炸ḇ㟤⢾斄㲐檀昶䭉䎮侭䘬ᾳṢⰔ⿏冯䈡⭂䳬䷼埴䁢ᷳ斄倗⿏ˤ➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞枸㛇῀劍㨇斄椾攟㑩㚱寸⭴䘬借㵗䴻槿炻ὧ⎗⮯⃰⇵䴻槿㇨䳗䧵䘬䞍嬀ˣ㈨傥ẍ⍲ 柀⮶桐㟤炻⮶ℍ䎦借䘬㚵⊁㨇斄炷Karaevli, 2007: 682炸烊ẍ⍫䋶⮎⊁䁢ἳ炻冱↉姕䩳ℏ悐䋶枭ẍ墺㎂∝㕘ˣ㊯⭂ᶨ䫮➢慹㓗㊩∝㕘炻ẍ⍲溻⊝⎴ṩ⢾悐⬠佺䫱炻䘮⎗ ἄ䁢㨇斄㚵⊁∝㕘冯⑩岒㓡┬䘬䱦忚䫾䔍炷Borins, 2001: 319炸ˤ䷥侴妨ᷳ炻柀⮶ 侭ᾳṢ寸⭴䘬借㵗䴻槿⮯㚱≑㕤㍸⋯䎦借㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰ˤ H8 椾攟借㵗䴻槿寸⭴⮯㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. ȞϳȟಣᙒስᏳȈ഻ུ‫ڦ‬Ӫġ 㨇斄椾攟䘬∝㕘⍾⎹㚫⼙枧℞⮵㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬䎮⾝冯ἄ㱽ˤ῀劍䭉䎮侭⮵㕤 ∝㕘冯嬲朑㉙㊩㭼庫㓗㊩䘬ン⹎炻Ṏ⌛ Damanpour 冯 Schneider炷2009炸㇨媪䘬 ˬ㲃∝㕘ン⹎˭炷pro-innovation attitude炸炻ㆾ栆Ụ Moon 冯 Norris炷2005炸㇨媪䘬 ˬẩ㤕冯∝㕘⍾⎹˭炷entrepreneurial and innovation orientation炸炻㚫⁦⎹㓗㊩㯪㕘㯪嬲䘬䎮⾝冯⮎⊁炷⤪暣⫸⊾㚵⊁炸炻᷎惵伖屓⽡忁栆䎮⾝㇨暨䘬屯㸸ˤ㨇斄椾攟 ⮵㕤䳬䷼ㆾ㚵⊁∝㕘䘬㓗㊩⹎炻⎗德忶℞ᾳṢ䘬⍫䋶䴻槿≈ẍ奨⮇ˤ㨇斄椾攟⮵㕤 ⍫䋶䘬ン⹎暋⃵㚫㚱⣂㕡侫慷炻䔞㨇斄椾攟㰢⭂⍫䋶㗪炻ὧ枰䴻㬟♜㟤䘬ℏ悐冒姽䦳⸷炻ẍ姽㕟㗗⏎㺧嵛ᷣ彎㨇斄㇨姕⭂䘬䷦㓰㊯㧁炻㬌忶䦳㛔幓⯙㗗ᶨ䧖䚖㧁⮶⎹ 䘬⬠佺炷Bovaird & Löffler, 2009: 385炸ˤ㨇斄椾攟㰢⭂⍫䋶᷎德忶℞Ṿ䳬䷼Ḯ妋䋶枭⮎⊁㇨便屣㗪攻炻⮯㚫⮵℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ⷞἮ㬋朊⼙枧炷Radnor, 2009: 437炸ˤ ㎃妨ᷳ炻⍫䋶忶䦳㍸ὃ㨇斄㊯娵℞⃒⊊冯≋⊊ᷳ⣹㨇炻⚈侴㚱≑㕤Ὣ忚℔ℙ㚵⊁∝ 㕘冯㓡┬炷Wilford, 2007: 345炸ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻䋶枭䘬䪞䇕㛔岒⌣⎗傥ἧ㨇斄椾攟㛃 ᷳ⌣㬍炻昌朆℞㛔Ṣ℟㚱㖢䚃䘬∝㕘冯㓡┬≽㨇ˤ䵄⎰⇵徘炻恋ṃ≯㕤㊹㇘䋶枭䘬㨇斄椾攟炻〘ⶏ⍵㗈↢℞ᾳṢ℟㚱⻟䁰䘬℔ℙ㚵⊁∝㕘冯徥㯪䳬䷼檀䷦㓰䘬ᾉ⾝␴ ẩ⚾ˤ⚈㬌炻㛔䞼䨞枸㛇檀昶䭉䎮侭䘬∝㕘⍾⎹⮵㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲℟㚱㬋⎹⼙枧ˤ H9 椾攟℟⁁∝㕘⍾⎹⮯㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ. Ʉ46Ʉ.

(13) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. ୥ȃः‫๋ف‬౲ᇅР‫ݳ‬ ΚȃӒࠊข໕Р‫ݳ‬ġ ⺞临⇵㔯姽䋶妰䔓冯㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬斄倗⿏䘬妶婾炻㛔䞼䨞㰚⍾䚠斄䞼䨞䘬㕡㱽婾ㆸ㝄妶婾⤪ᶳ烉Hartley 冯 Downe炷2007炸斄㲐㨇斄䁢ỽ栀シ⍫䋶␴ᶵ⍫䋶炻℞ 䳸㝄 ⮵ 㕤 ⍫ 䋶妰䔓䘬 ䷦ 㓰姽 Ộ 㚱㇨ ≑ 䙲 ˤ Angell 炷 2001 炸憅 ⮵ 伶 ⚳ Malcolm Baldrige ⚳⭞⑩岒䋶䌚䋶侭ᷕ炻忳䓐暣娙婧㞍⋩⭞墥忈㤕冯㚵⊁㤕㚨Ἓ⮎⊁⑩岒䘬⺈⓮炻娎⚾㭼庫ˬㆸ≇˭冯ˬᶵㆸ≇˭䘬⑩岒冯䑘⠫妰䔓➟埴ᶲᷳⶖ䔘ˤ⎗や忁ỵ ἄ侭⮵㕤妰䔓ㆸ≇冯⏎䘬∫↮炻ᷣ天Ἦ冒⍿姒侭䘬冒ㆹ⟙⮶炷self-reported炸炻ᶼ 䞼䨞夷㧉䚠⮵㚱旸ˤSomerville 冯 Elliott炷2011炸憅⮵≈㊧⣏倗恎㓧⹄ᶫ⋩ᾳ㨇斄㇨Ⱄ⒉ⶍ炻德忶冒⠓⓷⌟䘬㕡⺷妰䬿䷦㓰炻ẍ㬌忶㾦↢Ḽᾳ栏⭊㚵⊁⋻崲䘬㨇斄忚埴ᾳ㟰䞼䨞炻᷎妋慳㬌䫱㨇斄䁢ỽ㚵⊁⋻崲ˤᶲ徘䞼䨞䮑怠䣢䭬㨇斄䘬㕡㱽婾枿䁢屣≃ˣ㚱溆ᷣ奨炻Ṏ⁭Ὗ旸⛐⮷夷㧉䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦ˤ㚨⼴炻Simon炷1998炸⇯㗗㟡㒂伶⚳倗恎㓧⹄㨇斄㗗⏎䌚⼿ˬ䷥䴙⑩岒䋶˭ἄ䁢䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬堉慷㧁㸾炻᷎⋨↮䁢 ˬ庫䁢ㆸ≇˭冯ˬ庫ᶵㆸ≇˭ℑ䧖䳬⇍炻娎⚾⽆ᷕ䩢䨞忈ㆸ䷦㓰ⶖ䔘ᷳἮ㸸ˤ Andrews et al.炷2006b: 52炸㚦㊯↢烉姙⣂℔ℙ㚵⊁䷦㓰䘬⬠埻㔯䌣炻ῷ慵⛐ 炷╖ᶨ炸ᾳ㟰䞼䨞䘬斉徘炻㬌䫱䞼䨞᷎㰺㚱㍸ὃ㍐忚℔ℙ埴㓧䥹⬠ㆾ⮎⊁㇨暨䘬䲣䴙⿏嫱㒂炻侴側⼴⍇ ⚈ ᶵ᷷ ↢冒㕤㫈仢䚠斄䘬屯㕁 ˤ䚠庫 ᷳᶳ 炻⇵ 徘 Simon 炷1998炸娎⚾⮯㨇斄䌚䋶冯⏎␴䳬䷼䷦㓰䘬姽₡≈ẍ忋䳸䘬ἄ㱽炻㈨ⶏ⿏妋㰢Ḯ䞼䨞⮎⊁ᶲ℔悐攨䷦㓰暋ẍ堉慷ˣ婧㞍ㆸ㛔檀⍲㧋㛔⣒⮷䘬⓷柴ˤ䯉妨ᷳ炻䚠庫㕤德忶冒ㆹ⟙⮶冯䞍奢㷔慷㇨⍾⼿䘬䷦㓰屯㕁炻⭊奨屯㕁⚈䁢ῷⶖ庫⮹炻㓭侴ῷ⤥塓䓐 Ἦ姽Ộ䷦㓰炻⎒ᶵ忶℞㛒⽭⭡㖻⍾⼿炷Kim, 2005: 250炸ˤ䁢␤ㅱ⬠侭 Brewer 冯 Selden炷2000: 707炸ˣLee 冯 Whitford炷2013: 698, 707炸⃒⃰ἧ䓐⭊奨䷦㓰䚠斄㷔慷ᷳ⺢嬘炻㛔䞼䨞娵䁢德忶姽䋶㳣≽䓊䓇䘬㔠㒂炻⮯⎗怑⹎⸛堉䞼䨞夷㧉冯⭊奨⿏ ᷳ暁慵天㯪ˤ. Ρȃၦਠ‫ྜٿ‬ġ 㛔䞼䨞Ὢẍˬ㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶˭ᷕ䘬ˬ䫔ᶨ䶂㚵⊁㨇斄˭ἄ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻娚䋶枭ᷫ姕妰Ἦ墺㎂恋ṃ农≃㕤℔ℙ㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬㨇斄炷⹾渿⧇ˣ⏪晭暗炻2010炸ˤ 䓙㕤⎬㨇斄⛯⎗ᷣ≽䇕⍾⍫䋶ㆾ塓㇨Ⱄᶲ䳂㨇斄㍐啎⍫䋶炻⚈㬌炻㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶 Ʉ47Ʉ.

(14) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ṵ⎗媪㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ冒栀⿏䪞䇕䋶枭˭炷voluntary competitive award炸ˤ娚䋶枭冱彎彬 Ṳ⶚忼ℕ⯮炻㛔䞼䨞憅⮵䫔ᶨ⯮军䫔Ḽ⯮炷2009 军 2013 ⸜炸㨇斄⍫䋶␴䌚䋶ね⼊忚埴屯㕁吸普ˤ⇵Ḽ⯮䘬⍫䋶㨇斄㔠ℙ妰 544 ᾳ炻㬟⯮䌚䋶㨇斄ℙ妰 106 ᾳˤ䌚䋶㨇斄䘬㤕⊁Ⱄ⿏⇵Ḽ⎵ὅ⸷䁢烉堃䓇慓䗪炷16 ᾳ炸ˣ㇞㓧炷12 ᾳ炸ˣ䦭⊁炷10 ᾳ炸ˣ䓇ンᾅ做炷10 ᾳ炸ˣ㔯⊾䣦㔁炷8 ᾳ炸ˤ㭷⯮䌚䋶䌯㚨檀䁢 22.7%炻㚨Ỷ䁢 17.9%炻㬟⯮䌚䋶䌯⸛⛯䲬䁢Ḵㆸˤ㔜橼侴妨炻㬟⯮⍫≈姽䋶䘬㨇斄㔠慷⥳䳪䵕㊩ ⛐ᶨ⭂㯜㸾炻㭷⯮䌚䋶䌯嬲⊾Ṏᶵ⣏炻㓭ㅱ⎗䵕㊩䋶枭䘬䪞䇕⿏␴⏠⺽≃炷⍫夳堐 ᶨ炸ˤ 䫔ᶨ䶂㚵⊁㨇斄䘬姽䋶↮䁢ᶱ⣏姽㟠㥳朊烉ˬ⃒岒澳㮹㚵⊁˭ˣˬ屯妲瀘忂㚵 ⊁˭⍲ˬ∝㕘≈ῤ㚵⊁˭炻⎬姽㟠㥳朊ℵ䳘↮㔠ᾳ姽㟠枭䚖ˣ㊯㧁䫱㧁㸾炻ἄ䁢⍫ 䋶㨇斄姽↮䘬ὅ㒂ˤ姽⮑ἄ㤕⇯↮䁢ℑ昶㭝烉䫔ᶨ昶㭝⯙⍿㍐啎㨇斄㇨㍸復ˬ澹䋶䓛婳㚠˭ℏ⭡忚灖㚠朊姽⮑炻ẍ⍲⯙⍿㍐啎㨇斄ˬ屯妲瀘忂㚵⊁˭㥳朊㊯㧁忚灖䵚䪁⮑㞍烊䫔Ḵ昶㭝⯙忂忶⇅⮑䘬⍫䋶㨇斄炻憅⮵⇵徘ᶱ⣏㥳朊忚灖⬠侭⮰⭞䘬⮎⛘ 姽⮑炻㛇ẍ㉼㒊⃒䔘䘬➢Ⰼ䳬䷼ˤ 堐ᶨ 㬟⯮㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶䫔ᶨ䶂㚵⊁㨇斄䘬⍫䋶冯䌚䋶ね⼊ ۪!!Ԫ!. ୥ዪᐡᜱ኶!. ᕖዪᐡᜱ኶!. ᕖዪ౦!. 䫔ᶨ⯮. 98. 18. 18.4%. 䫔Ḵ⯮. 97. 22. 22.7%. 䫔ᶱ⯮. 117. 21. 17.9%. 䫔⚃⯮. 119. 24. 20.2%. 䫔Ḽ⯮. 113. 21. 18.6%. ䷥. 544. 106. 19.5%. ␴. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒墥. ήȃข໕Р‫ݳ‬ġ 㟡㒂⇵徘䞼䨞䚖䘬炻㛔䞼䨞冒埴⺢㥳屯㕁⹓ˤἄ侭椾⃰㾷奥ᷣ彎㨇斄埴㓧昊䞼侫㚫炷䎦㓡⇞䁢⚳䘤㚫炸䘬⭀㕡䵚䪁炻吸普㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶ᷕ䘬䫔ᶨ䶂㚵⊁㨇斄ᷳ ⍫䋶␴䌚䋶⎵╖ˤ℞㫉炻ẍᶲ徘⎵╖䁢䶂䳊炻徸ᶨ⚆㹗㾷奥ᾳ⇍㨇斄ᷳ䵚䪁炻䈡⇍ 㗗ˬ㨇斄䯉ṳ˭冯ˬ㓧⹄屯妲℔攳˭ℑ⣏⮰⋨炻厫⍾䞼䨞暨㯪ᷳ䚠斄㔠㒂ˤ῀劍䵚䪁屯㕁⋙᷷炻䈡⇍㗗㴱⍲Ḽ悥⋯㟤㓡⇞⇵䷋ⶪ㓧⹄㇨Ⱄ㨇斄䳬䷼Ⱄ⿏䘬℔攳屯㕁炻. Ʉ48Ʉ.

(15) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. ㈹ㆾ㨇斄椾攟㚜徕⶚ᷭ側㘗Ⱄ⿏屯㕁ᶵ⎗侫炻ἄ侭ᷫ▿娎德忶暣娙㍍㳥ㆾẍ暣⫸悝 ẞἮ䳊⍾敽㺷䘬屯㕁ˤ. ȞΚȟ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢ 㛔䞼䨞斄㲐䁢ỽ㝸ṃ➢Ⰼ䳬䷼㟤⢾慵夾㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬烎㟡㒂⇵徘㔯䌣妶婾䳸㝄炻㛔䞼䨞⮯㨇斄ˬ䌚䋶˭䫱⎴㕤ˬ㚵⊁⋻崲˭䘬ẋ⎵娆炻⚈㬌炻㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ἄ 䁢ὅ嬲枭ᷫ㟡㒂㨇斄⍫䋶䘬䳸㝄Ἦ堉慷ˤ恋ṃˬ䌚䋶㨇斄˭ẋ堐℞㚵⊁䷦㓰㶙⍿偗 ⭂炻⮎⊁ᶲ䧙ᷳ䁢ˬ⃒岒㚵⊁㨇斄˭炷⹾渿⧇ˣ⏪晭暗炻2010烉22炸炻军㕤㚜⣂䘬 ˬ㛒䌚䋶㨇斄˭䚠⮵Ἦ婒㚵⊁堐䎦⎗傥⯙庫䁢ᶨ凔ˤ䓙㬌⎗䞍炻㛔䞼䨞䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䁢ˬḴ↮嬲枭˭炻⌛⋨↮䁢ˬ㚵⊁⋻崲˭炷䌚䋶炸冯ˬ㚵⊁ᶨ凔˭炷㛒䌚䋶炸 ℑ䧖栆⇍≈ẍ䶐䡤ˤ. ȞΡȟಣᙒ‫ق‬๝Ȉ୥ྲᄈຬ 䳬䷼䲣䴉ᷕ⍫䄏⮵尉Ὢ㊯恋ṃ㤕⶚䌚⼿㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶㬲㥖䘬⎴栆✳㨇斄ˤ㑵 ἄᶲ炻ἄ侭㟡㒂㇨㚱⍫䋶㨇斄㇨Ⱄ䘬ˬ埴㓧⋨➇˭炷⤪烉➢昮ⶪˣ冢⊿ⶪ炸炻⋨↮ 䁢ˬ䚠⎴⋨➇˭冯ˬ䚠䔘⋨➇˭ℑ⣏栆⇍烊℞㫉炻侫慷㨇斄奨㐑㓰䙲㤝⣏⊾⍇⇯炻 ⎴㗪性⃵㑵ἄ␴妋慳ᶲ㳩㕤㯦㾓炻ἄ侭⮯ˬ⍫䄏⮵尉˭旸䷖⛐忶⍣ˬ䚠⎴栆✳˭ 炷⤪⛘㓧ˣ㇞㓧ˣ慓䗪ˣ堃䓇╖ỵᷳ攻䫱炸䘬ˬ䌚䋶㨇斄˭炷⍫侫⹾渿⧇ˣ⏪晭暗炻2010烉22炸炻ẍ㬌㩊夾⛐䚠⎴ㆾ䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ炻㬟⯮㚵⊁⑩岒䋶㗗⏎⬀⛐䚠⎴栆 ✳䘬䌚䋶㨇斄ˤ➢㛔ᶲ炻⎒天㫉⯮⍫䋶㨇斄冯㬟⯮䌚䋶㨇斄栆✳䚠⎴炻⌛`⭂⮵䈡 ⭂㨇斄㥳ㆸ㇨媪䘬ˬ⍫䄏㪲˭炷referent power炸炻忁⛐䳬䷼埴䁢㪲≃䞼䨞嬘柴ᶲ炻 ⎗ẍ塓夾䁢ᶨ䧖⭊奨䘬⼙枧≃炷Robbins, 2003: 369炸ˤ㗗ẍ炻㛔䞼䨞⍫䄏⮵尉Ⱄ㕤 ˬḴ↮嬲枭˭炻⛐ˬ䚠⎴⋨➇˭ᷕ炻㩊夾㗗⏎㚱㬟⯮䚠⎴栆✳䌚䋶㨇斄⬀⛐炻ὅ㬌 ⋨↮䁢ˬ㚱⍫䄏⮵尉⬀⛐˭␴ˬ䃉⍫䄏⮵尉⬀⛐˭ℑ䧖栆⇍≈ẍ䶐䡤烊ˬ䚠䔘⋨ ➇˭Ṏ⎴⇵徘⍇⇯㑵ἄˤ. Ȟήȟಣᙒ‫ق‬๝Ȉ‫࡚ښ‬՞֮ ⇞⹎ỵ⛨⊭⏓埴㓧⋨➇␴㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂ˤ⯙⇵侭侴妨炻㚱揺㕤冢䀋⛐攟㛇悥ⶪ⊾忚䦳ᷕ炻ᶵ⎴埴㓧⋨➇䘬䴻㾇䘤⯽䦳⹎ˣ⯭㮹䈡⿏␴㛇⼭㚱⇍炻㬌ᶨ⭊奨㡅ẞ⎗傥䚜㍍⼙枧㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰ˤ埴㓧⋨➇Ⱄ㕤ˬ栆⇍嬲枭˭炻ἄ侭⮯㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄⋨↮ 䁢烉⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨ˣ㟫䪡剿⛘⋨ˣᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨ˣ暚▱⋿⛘⋨ˣ檀⯷⛘⋨ˣ剙㜙⛘ ⋨ˣ暊Ⲟ⛘⋨䫱⣏栆炷㛶攟㗷䫱Ṣ炻2011炸ˤ℞㫉炻㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂⍵㗈↢㨇斄㪲≃⣏⮷. Ʉ49Ʉ.

(16) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ㆾ㬋䔞⿏Ἦ㸸ᷳⶖ䔘炻⤪㮹怠䘬⛘㕡㓧⹄䚜㍍㈧⍿㮹シ⡻≃炻⎗傥㚜䁢慵夾㚵⊁⑩ 岒㓡┬䘬ⶍἄˤ㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂Ⱄ㕤ˬḴ↮嬲枭˭炻Ṏ⌛⮯㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄⋨↮䁢ˬᷕ⣖㓧 ⹄˭␴ˬ⛘㕡㓧⹄˭ℑ⣏栆⇍ˤ. Ȟѳȟಣᙒ឵‫ܓ‬Ȉᐡᜱ೤ዂ ⃰⇵䞼䨞㊯↢㨇斄夷㧉䴻㾇⮯⼙枧℞㚵⊁䷦㓰炻㬌嗽夷㧉⊭⏓Ḯ枸䬿柵⹎␴⒉ ⶍ䷥㔠ˤ䁢Ḯ妋㨇斄䷥枸䬿炻ἄ侭啱䓙⎬㨇斄䘬⍫䋶炷㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶炸䓛婳㚠炻 ㆾὅ㒂⭀㕡䵚䪁ˬᷣ≽℔攳屯妲˭⮰⋨ᷕ⎬⸜⹎枸䬿㚠䘬㬚↢屯㕁≈ẍ㔜䎮ˤ℞ 㫉炻䁢Ḯ妋㨇斄⒉柵炻ἄ侭啱䓙⎬㨇斄䘬⍫䋶䓛婳㚠炻ㆾὅ㒂⭀㕡䵚䪁ˬᷣ≽℔攳屯妲˭⮰⋨ᷕ⎬⸜⹎㰢䬿㚠䘬Ṣḳ屣䓐㖶䳘悐↮炻ㆾ⭀㕡䵚䪁ˬ䳬䷼借㌴˭⮰⋨䘬屯㕁≈ẍ㔜䎮ˤ枸䬿柵⹎␴⒉ⶍ䷥㔠䘮䁢ˬ忋临嬲枭˭ˤ. Ȟϥȟಣᙒ឵‫ܓ‬ȈᐡᜱԒឮ 檀漉㨇斄⼰⎗傥ᶵ⇑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ˤ⛐㷔慷㕡⺷ᶲ炻ἄ侭Ὢẍ⚳㮹㓧⹄ 㑕怟Ἦ冢䘬㗪溆炷㮹⚳ 38 ⸜炸炻ἄ䁢㨇斄⸜漉䘬崟⥳炻ẍ㬌⚆㹗妰䬿㬟⯮㨇斄⍫ 䋶㗪䘬⸜漉ˤ⚈㬌炻㨇斄⸜漉Ṏ䁢ˬ忋临嬲枭˭ˤ. ȞϳȟಣᙒስᏳȈᙜీစᡜ 柀⮶Ⱄ⿏ᷕ䘬椾攟借㵗䴻槿⮵㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬⮯㚫ⷞἮ㬋朊≑䙲ˤ借㵗䴻槿Ⱄ㕤ˬ忋临嬲枭˭炻ἄ侭啱䓙⍫䋶㨇斄椾攟ˬ㚦ả借炷ᶵ⎴炸㨇斄㔠˭ἄ䁢堉慷㕡⺷炻忁シ㊯㚦ả借㨇斄㔠グ⣂䘬椾攟炻℞埴㓧屯㬟グ寸⭴ˣ夾慶ḇグ⺋炻⚈侴㚱 ≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬㍐≽ˤ㑵ἄᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞㾷奥⭀㕡䵚䪁ᶲ㨇斄椾攟䘬℔攳屯㕁炻ẍ℞⍫䋶㗪䘬䈡⭂⸜⹎䁢➢䢶炻⚆㹗妰䬿椾攟ᾳṢ忶⍣ả借炷ᶵ⎴炸䘬㨇斄㔠炻ẍ㬌⺢䩳借㵗䴻槿䘬㔠㒂ˤ. ȞΝȟಣᙒስᏳȈ഻ུ‫ڦ‬Ӫ 柀⮶Ⱄ⿏ᷕ䘬椾攟∝㕘⍾⎹⮵㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬Ṏ⮯ⷞἮ㬋朊≑䙲ˤ∝㕘⍾ ⎹Ⱄ㕤ˬ忋临嬲枭˭炻ἄ侭Ὢẍ⍫䋶㨇斄椾攟ˬ㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠˭ἄ䁢堉慷㕡⺷炻忁シ㊯恋ṃ≯㕤㊹㇘㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶䘬㨇斄椾攟炻ẋ堐℞㶙℟㚵⊁∝㕘䘬䎮⾝炻㬌冱⮯ 㚱≑㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬㍐≽ˤ㑵ἄᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞㩊䳊㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄䘬椾攟炻ẍ℞ ⍫䋶㗪䘬䈡⭂⸜⹎䁢➢䢶炻⚆㹗妰䬿椾攟ᾳṢ忶⍣䘬⍫䋶䲨抬炻ẍ㬌⺢䩳∝㕘⍾⎹ 䘬㔠㒂ˤ. Ʉ50Ʉ.

(17) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. နȃၦਠϸ‫ݚ‬๗‫ݏ‬ 㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天忳䓐㍷徘⿏䴙妰ˣ⌉㕡↮惵ˣ⸛⛯㔠㩊⭂忚埴屯㕁↮㜸烊㚨⼴炻㛔䞼䨞ḇ➟埴怷廗㕗徜㬠↮㜸炷logistic regression炸炻℞䚖䘬⛐㕤慵墯槿嫱ᶲ徘䳸㝄炻᷎婒㖶慵天嬲枭⮵㕤㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬⼙枧䦳⹎ˤ. Κȃඣख़ϸ‫ݚ‬ġ 㛔䞼䨞↮⇍憅⮵ᶵ⎴䘬嬲枭Ⱄ⿏忚埴㍷徘↮㜸ˤ椾⃰炻栆⇍嬲枭Ὢ䓙㨇斄㚵⊁ ⑩岒㓡┬䳸㝄ˣ䚠⎴ɬ䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ䘬⍫䄏⮵尉ˣ⇞⹎ỵ⛨炷埴㓧⋨➇ˣ㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂炸䫱嬲枭㇨㥳ㆸˤ德忶ᶳ堐Ḵ⎗䞍炻㬟⯮⍫䋶➢Ⰼ㨇斄ᷕ䲬㚱ℑㆸ⟒䧙㚵⊁䷦㓰⋻ 崲烊䚠⎴⋨➇ᷕẍᶵ⬀⛐⍫䄏⮵尉侭⯭⣂炻䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ⇯ẍ⬀⛐⍫䄏⮵尉侭⯭⣂烊埴㓧⋨➇ᷕẍ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨⯭⣂烊㬌⢾炻⛘㕡㨇斄䔍⣂㕤ᷕ⣖㨇斄ˤ⺽Ṣ⤥⣯䘬㗗炻➢Ⰼ㨇斄㗗⏎㚫⚈㇨媪䘬⃒岒㚵⊁㨇斄⬀⛐冯⏎ˣỵ嗽ᶵ⎴䘬埴㓧⋨➇炻ẍ⍲ 晠Ⱄᶵ⎴㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂䫱⚈䳈炻侴⼙枧℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䳸㝄烎忁ṃ⓷柴⼴㔯⮯德忶⌉㕡㩊⭂䘬䳸㝄Ἦ⚆䫼ˤ 堐Ḵ 栆⇍嬲枭㍷徘⿏䴙妰 л्ᡑ໷! 㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬. Ԫ्ᡑ໷ʟข໕! 姽䋶䳸㝄炷N烌544炸. ⍫䄏⮵尉. 䚠⎴⋨➇炷N烌446炸䚠䔘⋨➇炷N烌446炸. ⇞⹎ỵ⛨. 埴㓧⋨➇炷N烌544炸. 㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂炷N烌543炸. ᜹ր! ⋻崲炷䌚䋶炸 ᶨ凔炷㛒䌚䋶炸 ⍫䄏⮵尉⬀⛐ ⍫䄏⮵尉ᶵ⬀⛐ ⍫䄏⮵尉⬀⛐ ⍫䄏⮵尉ᶵ⬀⛐ ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨ 㟫䪡剿⛘⋨ ᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨ 暚▱⋿⛘⋨ 檀⯷⛘⋨ 剙㜙⛘⋨ 暊Ⲟ⛘⋨ ᷕ⣖㓧⹄ ⛘㕡㓧⹄. ঐ኶ʟԼϸЩ! 106炷19.5%炸 438炷80.5%炸 61炷13.7%炸 385炷86.3%炸 290炷65.0%炸 156炷35.0%炸 131炷24.1%炸 96炷17.6%炸 102炷18.8%炸 76炷14.0%炸 67炷12.3%炸 46炷8.5%炸 26炷4.8%炸 264炷48.6%炸 279炷51.4%炸. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. Ʉ51Ʉ.

(18) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 忋临嬲枭⊭⏓㨇斄夷㧉炷枸䬿柵⹎ˣ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠炸ˣ㨇斄⸜漉ˣ椾攟䘬借㵗䴻槿炻ẍ⍲椾攟∝㕘⍾⎹䫱嬲枭ˤ德忶ᶳ堐ᶱ⎗䞍炻⍫䋶㨇斄ᷳ攻夷㧉ㆠ㬲烊枸䬿柵 ⹎␴⒉ⶍ䷥㔠ᶲ㚱ⶐ⣏ⶖ䔘烊㨇斄⸜漉Ṏ㚱ᶵ⮷ⶖ嶅烊椾攟借㵗䴻槿␴椾攟∝㕘⍾ ⎹Ṏ⬀⛐劍⸚ⶖ䔘ˤ┇Ṣ䔹䩯䘬㗗炻➢Ⰼ㨇斄㗗⏎㚫⚈㨇斄夷㧉ˣ㨇斄⸜漉ˣ椾攟借㵗䴻槿炻ẍ⍲椾攟∝㕘⍾⎹䫱⚈䳈炻侴⼙枧℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬䳸㝄烎忁ṃ⓷柴⼴㔯⮯德忶 T 㩊⭂䘬䳸㝄Ἦ⚆䫼ˤ 堐ᶱ 忋临嬲枭㍷徘⿏䴙妰 л्ᡑ໷!. Ԫ्ᡑ໷ʟข໕!. ঐ኶!. ҂ְ኶. ዀྦৰ. 枸䬿柵⹎*. 339. 7.85. 1.459. 4.021. 11.696. ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠*. 348. 2.01. 0.671. 0.602. 3.897. 㨇斄⸜漉. 㨇斄⸜漉. 500. 47.65. 18.716. 3. 63. 借㵗䴻槿. 椾攟㚦ả借㨇斄㔠. 380. 4.99. 2.788. 1. 19. ∝㕘⍾⎹. 椾攟㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠. 482. 1.26. 0.589. 1. 5. 㨇斄夷㧉. 6. ഷϊঅ! ഷτঅ!. *㔠㒂䴻 log 嗽䎮屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. Ρȃ၍មϸ‫ݚ‬ġ ȞΚȟ‫ق࡚ښ‬๝Ȉ୥ྲᄈຬġ ⮵⍫䋶䘬➢Ⰼ㨇斄侴妨炻⍫䄏⮵尉㗗⏎⬀⛐⎗ẍ㊱䄏ˬ䚠⎴˭ㆾˬ䚠䔘˭埴㓧 ⋨➇Ἦ↮柕妰䬿ˤ⯙⇵侭侴妨炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 446 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵 ⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲侭䁢 88 ᾳˣᶨ凔侭䁢 358 ᾳ烊䚠⎴⋨➇ᷕ炻ẍᶵ⬀⛐⍫䄏⮵尉䘬 ⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲ᷳ㭼ἳ炷83.0%炸庫檀炻ẍ⬀⛐⍫䄏⮵尉䘬⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲ᷳ 㭼ἳ炷17.0%炸庫Ỷ炷娛夳堐⚃炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕䚠⎴⋨➇ᷕ劍⬀⛐䚠⎴栆✳㚵⊁䷦㓰‹↢䘬⃰槭㨇斄炻ㅱ娚㚫⇢㽨㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ˤ忚ᶨ㬍⛘炻㛔䞼䨞䴻䓙⌉㕡㩊⭂䳸㝄炷Pearson ⌉㕡烌1.054炸栗䣢炻⛐ᾉ岜㯜㸾 95% 䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻p烌0.305烍0.05炻婒㖶䚠⎴⋨➇ᷕ⍫䄏⮵尉⬀⛐ 冯⏎炻␴㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䳸㝄ᷳ攻᷎䃉栗叿斄倗ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᄈ੬ۢ୥ዪᐡᜱՅ. 6. 㚱斄㨇斄夷㧉怢㺷ῤ悐↮炻⍫䋶㨇斄䃉㍸ὃ枸䬿ẍ堃䓇慓䗪⯭⣂炷37 ᾳ炸炻℞㫉䁢㇞㓧炷25 ᾳ炸ˣ⊆㓧炷17 ᾳ炸ˣ⛘㓧ˣ䦭⊁炷15 ᾳ炸烊⍫䋶㨇斄䃉㍸ὃ⒉柵ẍ堃䓇慓䗪ˣ 䦭⊁⯭⣂炷24 ᾳ炸炻℞㫉䁢㮹㓧炷21 ᾳ炸ˣ㔯⊾䣦㔁做㦪炷20 ᾳ炸ˣ⛘㓧炷19 ᾳ炸ˤ. Ʉ52Ʉ.

(19) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. ّȂࣻӤୣ஀Ϝ࢑֐ԇӶ୥ྲᄈຬ‫ٯ‬ϛཽኈ៫‫݉ڐ‬ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢๗‫ݏ‬Ȅ ⯙⼴侭侴妨炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 446 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻ 崲侭䁢 88 ᾳˣᶨ凔侭䁢 358 ᾳ烊䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ炻ẍ⬀⛐⍫䄏⮵尉䘬⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁⋻ 崲 ᷳ 㭼 ἳ 炷 75.0% 炸庫檀炻 ẍ ᶵ ⬀ ⛐ ⍫ 䄏 ⮵ 尉䘬 ⍫ 䋶㨇斄㚵 ⊁ ⋻ 崲 ᷳ 㭼 ἳ 炷25.0%炸庫Ỷ炷娛夳堐⚃炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ劍⬀⛐䚠⎴栆✳㚵⊁䷦㓰‹↢䘬⃰槭㨇斄炻ㅱ娚㚫⼙枧㨇斄䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ˤ忚ᶨ㬍⛘炻㛔䞼䨞䴻䓙⌉㕡㩊⭂䳸㝄炷Pearson ⌉㕡烌 4.799炸栗䣢炻⛐ᾉ岜㯜㸾 95%䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻p烌0.028烋0.05炻婒㖶䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ⍫䄏⮵ 尉⬀⛐冯⏎炻␴㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䳸㝄ᷳ攻℟㚱栗叿斄倗ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᄈ੬ۢ୥ዪᐡ ᜱՅّȂၯୣ஀Ϝ࢑֐ԇӶ୥ྲᄈຬጃᄃཽኈ៫‫݉ڐ‬ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢๗‫ݏ‬Ȅ 堐⚃ ⍫䄏⮵尉冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ᡑ໷ӫᆏ!. 䚠⎴⋨➇. ‫!຺ڠ‬. Κૢ!. ᖃ‫!ڸ‬. 䃉⍫䄏⮵尉. 73炷83.0%炸. 312炷87.2%炸. 385. 㚱⍫䄏⮵尉. 15炷17.0%炸. 46炷12.8%炸. 61. ䷥␴. 88炷100%炸. 358炷100%炸. 446. 䃉⍫䄏⮵尉. 22炷25.0%炸. 134炷37.4%炸. 156. 㚱⍫䄏⮵尉. 66炷75.0%炸. 224炷62.6%炸. 290. ䷥␴. 88炷100%炸. 358炷100%炸. 446. Pearson ⌉㕡ῤ烌1.054. 䚠䔘⋨➇. Pearson ⌉㕡ῤ烌4.799* *pʀ0.05; **pʀ0.01; ***p烋0.001 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. ȞΡȟ‫ق࡚ښ‬๝Ȉ‫࡚ښ‬՞֮ġ ẍ埴㓧⋨➇␴㚵⊁䷦㓰侴妨炷娛夳堐Ḽ炸炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 544 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲侭䁢 106 ᾳˣᶨ凔侭䁢 438 ᾳ烊⛐埴㓧⋨➇ᷕ炻ẍ ˬ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨˭䘬㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲ᷳ㭼ἳ炷34.0%炸㚨檀炻℞㫉䁢ˬᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨˭ 䘬㨇斄炷25.5%炸炻᷎ẍˬ暊Ⲟ⛘⋨˭䘬㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲ᷳ㭼ἳ炷0.9%炸㚨Ỷˤ㔜橼侴妨炻ᷕ悐ẍ⊿䘬㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲㭼ἳ㖶栗庫檀炷76.5%炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞埴㓧⋨➇↮ⶫㅱ娚ᶵ⎴㕤㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔ᷳ㨇斄ˤ忚ᶨ㬍⛘炻㛔䞼䨞䴻䓙⌉㕡㩊⭂䳸㝄炷Pearson ⌉㕡烌19.994炸栗. Ʉ53Ʉ.

(20) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 䣢炻⛐ᾉ岜㯜㸾 95% 䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻p烌0.003烋0.05炻婒㖶埴㓧⋨➇↮ⶫ䡢⮎␴㨇斄㚵 ⊁⑩岒㓡┬䳸㝄ᷳ攻℟㚱栗叿斄倗ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱϸ឵ϛӤ‫ޠ‬՘࢈ୣ஀ጃᄃཽኈ៫ ‫݉ڐ‬ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢๗‫ݏ‬Ȅ ℵẍ㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂冯㚵⊁䷦㓰侴妨炷娛夳堐Ḽ炸炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 543 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠 ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫⋻崲侭䁢 106 ᾳˣᶨ凔侭䁢 437 ᾳ烊⛐㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂ᷕ炻 ẍᷕ⣖㓧⹄㇨Ⱄ㨇斄䘬㚵⊁⋻崲㭼ἳ炷54.7%炸庫檀炻ẍ⛘㕡㓧⹄㇨Ⱄ㨇斄䘬㚵⊁ ⋻崲㭼ἳ炷45.3%炸庫Ỷˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞晠Ⱄ䘬㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂ㅱ娚ᶵ⎴㕤㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔ᷳ㨇斄ˤ忚ᶨ㬍⛘炻㛔䞼䨞䴻䓙⌉㕡㩊⭂䳸㝄炷Pearson ⌉㕡烌1.961炸栗䣢炻⛐ᾉ岜㯜㸾 95% 䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻p烌0.331烍0.05炻婒㖶㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂檀Ỷ䡢⮎␴㨇斄㚵 ⊁⑩岒㓡┬ᷳ攻᷎䃉栗叿斄倗ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱϸ឵ϜѶ‫ܗ‬ӵР࢈‫ۻ‬ቺ઼‫ٯ‬ϛཽኈ៫ ‫݉ڐ‬ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢๗‫ݏ‬Ȅ 堐Ḽ ⇞⹎ỵ⛨冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ᡑ໷ӫᆏ!. 埴㓧⋨➇. ‫!຺ڠ‬. Κૢ!. ᖃ‫!ڸ‬. ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨. 36炷34.0%炸. 95炷21.7%炸. 131. 㟫䪡剿⛘⋨. 18炷17.0%炸. 78炷17.8%炸. 96. ᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨. 27炷25.5%炸. 75炷17.1%炸. 102. 暚▱⋿⛘⋨. 7炷6.6%炸. 69炷15.8%炸. 76. 檀⯷⛘⋨. 12炷11.3%炸. 55炷12.6%炸. 67. 剙㜙⛘⋨. 5炷4.7%炸. 41炷9.4%炸. 46. 暊Ⲟ⛘⋨. 1炷0.9%炸. 25炷5.7%炸. 26. 106炷100%炸. 438炷100%炸. 544. ᷕ⣖㓧⹄. 58炷54.7%炸. 206炷47.1%炸. 264. ⛘㕡㓧⹄. 48炷45.3%炸. 231炷52.9%炸. 279. 106炷100%炸. 437炷100%炸. 543. ䷥␴ Pearson ⌉㕡ῤ烌19.994**. 㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂. ䷥␴ Pearson ⌉㕡ῤ烌1.961. *pʀ0.05; **pʀ0.01; ***p烋0.001 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. 忚ᶨ㬍⛘炻ἄ侭⮯埴㓧⋨➇炷⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨ˣᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨ˣ㟫䪡剿⛘⋨炸␴ᷕ ⣖㓧⹄ˣ⛘㕡㓧⹄䳸⎰炻⼊ㆸˬ⊿⊿➢⭄ᷕ⣖㓧⹄˭ˣˬ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘㕡㓧⹄˭ˣ Ʉ54Ʉ.

(21) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. ˬᷕ⼘㈽ᷕ⣖㓧⹄˭ˣˬᷕ⼘㈽⛘㕡㓧⹄˭ˣˬ㟫䪡剿ᷕ⣖㓧⹄˭ˣˬ㟫䪡剿⛘㕡㓧⹄˭炻ℵ冯㚵⊁䷦㓰忚埴Ṍ⍱↮㜸炻䳸㝄⤪ᶳ堐ℕ㇨䣢炻Pearson ⌉㕡ῤ烌 6.145炻p烌0.292烍0.05炻栗䣢㕘嬲㔠⮵㕤㚵⊁䷦㓰㰺㚱栗叿⼙枧ˤ 堐ℕ 㨇斄⋨➇ˣⰌ䳂冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ᐡᜱୣ஀ᇅᐡᜱቺ઼!. Κૢ!. ‫!຺ڠ‬. ᖃ‫!ڸ‬. ⊿⊿➢⭄ᷕ⣖㓧⹄. 50炷20.2%炸. 19炷23.5%炸. 69. ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘㕡㓧⹄. 45炷18.1%炸. 17炷21.0%炸. 62. ᷕ⼘㈽ᷕ⣖㓧⹄. 38炷15.3%炸. 18炷22.2%炸. 56. ᷕ⼘㈽⛘㕡㓧⹄. 37炷14.9%炸. 9炷11.1%炸. 46. 㟫䪡剿ᷕ⣖㓧⹄. 35炷14.1%炸. 5炷6.2%炸. 40. 㟫䪡剿⛘㕡㓧⹄. 43炷17.3%炸. 13炷16.0%炸. 56. 248炷100%炸. 81炷100%炸. 329. ䷥␴ Pearson ⌉㕡ῤ烌6.145. *pʀ0.05; **pʀ0.01; ***p烋0.001 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. Ȟήȟಣᙒ឵‫ܓ‬Ȉᐡᜱ೤ዂġ ẍ枸䬿柵⹎␴㚵⊁䷦㓰侴妨炷娛夳ᶫ炸炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 339 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟 ⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲侭䁢 102 ᾳ炻℞⸛⛯㔠䴻 log 嗽䎮⼴䲬䁢 8.103炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 1.251炸烊㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶨ凔侭䁢 237 ᾳ炻℞⸛⛯㔠䴻 log 嗽䎮⼴䲬䁢 7.748 炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 1.530炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞枸䬿柵⹎ㅱ娚㚫檀㕤㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ 凔ᷳ㨇斄炻➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞德忶䌐䩳㧋㛔 T 㩊⭂炻ẍ㩊⭂枸䬿柵⹎⛐㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶲⶖ 䔘ˤ⇵徘ℑ䳬䘬⸛⛯㔠䴻 log 嗽䎮⼴⬀⛐ⶖ䔘炻ⶖ䔘↮㜸䳸㝄忚ᶨ㬍栗䣢炻T ῤ䁢 2.240 ᶼ p烌0.026烋0.05炻㓭⎗㍐婾ℑ䳬㧋㛔⛐枸䬿柵⹎ᶲ炻䘬䡢⬀⛐䴙妰↮㜸ᶲ 栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢ጃᄃཽ‫ژڨ‬Ⴒᆘ᚟࡚‫ޠ‬ᡘ຀ኈ៫Ȅ ℵẍ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠冯㚵⊁䷦㓰炷娛夳堐ᶫ炸Ἦ䚳炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 348 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠 ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫⋻崲侭䁢 105 ᾳ炻℞⸛⛯⒉ⶍ䷥㔠䴻 log 嗽䎮⼴䲬䁢 2.299炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 0.663炸炻侴 243 ᾳ㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶨ凔䘬㨇斄炻℞⸛⛯⒉ⶍ䷥㔠䴻 log 嗽䎮⼴䁢 1.887炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 0.636炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞⒉ⶍ䷥㔠ㅱ娚㚫檀㕤㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ. Ʉ55Ʉ.

(22) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 凔ᷳ㨇斄炻➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞德忶䌐䩳㧋㛔 T 㩊⭂炻ẍ㩊⭂⒉ⶍ䷥㔠⛐㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶲⶖ 䔘ˤ⇵徘ℑ䳬䘬⸛⛯㔠䚳Ụ⬀⛐ⶖ䔘炻ⶖ䔘↮㜸䳸㝄忚ᶨ㬍⛘栗䣢炻T ῤ烌5.485 ᶼ p烋0.001炻㓭⎗㍐婾ℑ䳬㧋㛔⛐⒉ⶍ䷥㔠ᶲ炻䘬䡢⬀⛐䴙妰↮㜸ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢ጃᄃཽ‫ژڨ‬সϏᖃ኶‫ޠ‬ᡘ຀ኈ៫Ȅ 堐ᶫ 㨇斄夷㧉冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ᡑ໷ӫᆏ!. ‫!຺ڠ‬. Κૢ!. 102. 237. ⸛⛯㔠#. 8.103. 7.748. 㧁㸾ⶖ#. 1.251. 1.530. 105. 243. ⸛⛯㔠#. 2.299. 1.887. 㧁㸾ⶖ#. 0.663. 0.636. ᾳ㔠枸䬿柵⹎炷N烌339炸. T ῤ烌2.240* ᾳ㔠 ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠炷N烌348炸. T ῤ烌5.485*** *pʀ0.05; **pʀ0.01; ***p烋0.001; #㔠㒂䴻 log 嗽䎮屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. Ȟѳȟಣᙒ឵‫ܓ‬ȈᐡᜱԒឮġ ẍ㨇斄⸜漉冯㚵⊁䷦㓰炷娛夳堐ℓ炸Ἦ䚳炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 500 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲侭䁢 102 ᾳ炻℞⸜漉䘬⸛⛯㔠䁢 46.70 ⸜炷㧁㸾ⶖ 䲬䁢 18.44 ⸜炸炻侴 398 ᾳ㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔䘬㨇斄炻℞⸜漉䘬⸛⛯㔠䲬䁢 47.90 ⸜炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 18.80 ⸜炸炻ℑ䳬䘬⸛⛯㔠ⶖ嶅䲬䁢 1 ⸜ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞㨇斄⸜漉ㅱ娚㚫㭼㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔 ᷳ㨇斄Ἦ⼿⸜庽ˤ➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞德忶䌐䩳㧋㛔 T 㩊⭂炻ẍ㩊⭂㨇斄⸜漉⛐㚵⊁䷦ 㓰ᶲⶖ䔘ˤ⇵徘ℑ䳬䘬⸛⛯㔠⬀⛐ṃ⽖ⶖ䔘炻Ữⶖ䔘↮㜸䳸㝄⇯栗䣢炻T ῤ䁢 -0.579 ᶼ p烍0.05炻㓭⎗㍐婾ℑ䳬㧋㛔⛐㨇斄⸜漉ᶲ炻᷎ᶵ⬀⛐䴙妰↮㜸ᶲ栗叿ⶖ 䔘ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱ݉ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢‫ٯ‬ϛཽ‫ژڨ‬ᐡᜱԒឮାմ‫ޠ‬ᡘ຀ኈ៫Ȅ. Ʉ56Ʉ.

(23) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 堐ℓ 㨇斄⸜漉冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ᡑ໷ӫᆏ!. ‫!຺ڠ‬. Κૢ!. 102. 398. ⸛⛯㔠. 46.70. 47.90. 㧁㸾ⶖ. 18.444. 18.801. ᾳ㔠㨇斄⸜漉炷N烌500炸. T ῤ烌-0.579 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. ȞϥȟಣᙒስᏳȈᙜీစᡜġ 㛔䞼䨞ẍ椾攟㚦ả借㨇斄㔠Ἦ堉慷℞借㵗䴻槿ˤẍ借㵗䴻槿炷椾攟㚦ả借㨇斄㔠炸冯㚵⊁䷦㓰炷娛夳堐ḅ炸Ἦ䚳炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 380 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲侭䁢 90 ᾳ炻℞⸛⛯㔠䁢 5.06炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 2.8 ᾳ炸炻侴 290 ᾳ㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔䘬㨇斄炻℞⸛⛯㔠䁢 4.97炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 2.78 ᾳ炸炻ℑ䳬⸛⛯ 㔠䘬ⶖ嶅䁢 0.09ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞椾攟䘬借㵗䴻槿ㅱ娚㚫㭼㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔ᷳ㨇斄䁢⣂ˤ➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞德忶䌐䩳㧋㛔 T 㩊⭂炻ẍ㩊⭂借㵗䴻槿炷椾攟㚦ả借㨇斄㔠炸⛐㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶲⶖ䔘ˤ⇵徘ℑ䳬⸛⛯㔠⬀⛐ṃ⽖ⶖ䔘炻侴ⶖ䔘↮㜸䳸㝄⇯栗䣢炻T ῤ䁢 0.247 ᶼ p烌0.805烍0.05炻㓭⎗㍐婾ℑ䳬㧋㛔⛐借㵗䴻槿炷椾攟㚦ả借㨇斄㔠炸ᶲ炻᷎ᶵ⬀⛐䴙妰↮㜸ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱॷߞঐ΢‫ޠ‬ᙜీ စᡜ‫ٯ‬ϛཽᡘ຀ኈ៫౫ᙜᐡᜱ‫݉ޠ‬ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢Ȅ 堐ḅ 借㵗䴻槿冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ข໕!. ‫!຺ڠ‬. Κૢ!. 90. 290. ⸛⛯㔠. 5.06. 4.97. 㧁㸾ⶖ. 2.822. 2.781. ᾳ㔠椾攟㚦ả借㨇斄㔠炷N烌380炸. T ῤ烌0.247 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. ȞϳȟಣᙒስᏳȈ഻ུ‫ڦ‬Ӫġ 㛔䞼䨞ẍ椾攟忶⼨⍫䋶䲨抬Ἦ堉慷℞∝㕘⍾⎹ˤẍ∝㕘⍾⎹炷椾攟㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠炸冯㚵⊁䷦㓰炷娛夳堐⋩炸Ἦ䚳炻⛐㇨吸普䘬 482 ấ㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ᷕ炻㬟⯮⍫䋶㨇 Ʉ57Ʉ.

(24) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 斄㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲侭䁢 106 ᾳ炻℞⸛⛯㔠䁢 1.28炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 0.66炸炻侴 376 ᾳ 㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢ᶨ凔䘬㨇斄炻℞⸛⛯㔠䁢 1.26炷㧁㸾ⶖ䲬䁢 0.57炸炻ℑ䳬⸛⛯㔠䘬ⶖ 嶅䁢 0.02ˤ 㛔䞼䨞`姕㚵⊁䷦㓰庫䁢⋻崲ᷳ㨇斄炻℞椾攟䘬∝㕘⍾⎹炷㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠炸ㅱ娚㚫㭼㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶨ凔ᷳ㨇斄䁢⣂ˤ➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞德忶䌐䩳㧋㛔 T 㩊⭂炻ẍ㩊⭂∝㕘 ⍾⎹炷㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠炸⛐㚵⊁䷦㓰ᶲⶖ䔘ˤ⇵徘ℑ䳬⸛⛯㔠⬀⛐ṃ⽖ⶖ䔘炻侴ⶖ䔘↮ 㜸䳸㝄⇯栗䣢炻T ῤ䁢 0.427 ᶼ p烌0.670烍0.05炻㓭⎗㍐婾ℑ䳬㧋㛔⛐∝㕘⍾⎹ 炷㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠炸ᶲ炻᷎ᶵ⬀⛐䴙妰↮㜸ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻ᐡᜱॷߞঐ΢‫ޠ‬഻ུ ‫ڦ‬Ӫ‫ٯ‬ϛཽᡘ຀ኈ៫౫ᙜᐡᜱ‫݉ޠ‬ଡ଼ࠣ፵‫׾‬๢Ȅ 堐⋩ ∝㕘⍾⎹冯㚵⊁䷦㓰 ข໕!. 椾攟㚦⍫䋶㫉㔠炷N烌482炸. ‫!຺ڠ‬. Κૢ!. ᾳ㔠. 106. 376. ⸛⛯㔠. 1.28. 1.26. 㧁㸾ⶖ. 0.658. 0.569. T ῤ烌0.427 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. 㚨⼴炻㛔䞼䨞㟡㒂⇵徘ⶖ䔘↮㜸䳸㝄炻旬ⷞ⛘德忶䣦㚫䥹⬠䴙妰⣿墅庇橼炷SPSS17.0炸ℏ⺢䘬ˬḴ⃫ Logistic˭Ἦ↮㜸嬲枭ᷳ攻斄Ὢˤ㑵ἄᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞⃰埴 ⮯栆⇍嬲枭ᷕ䘬ˬ⍫䄏⮵尉˭ˣˬ埴㓧⋨➇˭廱㎃ㆸ嘃㒔嬲枭炷娛夳旬抬ᶨ炸炻晐⼴ẍˬ忋临嬲枭˭␴廱㎃䁢嘃㒔嬲枭⼴䘬ˬ栆⇍嬲枭˭ℑ䧖᷎⬀嬲枭✳ン炻Ἦ➟埴怷廗㕗徜㬠↮㜸ˤ䁢㍸檀㔜橼㧉✳怑惵⹎炷goodness of fit炸炻㛔䞼䨞⇼昌Ḯ⃰⇵⌉ 㕡↮惵ˣ⸛⛯㔠㩊⭂䳸㝄ᷕ炻⮵㕤㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬᷎㛒㥳ㆸ栗叿ⶖ䔘䘬冒嬲枭炻⎴㗪憅⮵㓡┬㚵⊁⑩岒㥳ㆸ栗叿ⶖ䔘䘬冒嬲枭炻▿娎⎬䧖ᶵ⎴䳬⎰䘬冒嬲枭炻ẍ怠⍾庫 Ἓ䘬㔜橼㧉✳怑惵⹎炻7 㚨⼴⼿↢↮㜸䳸㝄⤪ᶳ堐⋩ᶨˤ. 7. 㛔䞼䨞᷎㛒⮯枸䬿柵⹎䲵ℍ徜㬠㧉✳炻⍇⚈㚱Ḵ烉䫔ᶨˣ䲵ℍ徜㬠↮㜸㧉✳䘬㔠㒂炻⃀ 慷ẍ㔠㒂⇅⥳㧋⺷䁢ᷣ炻侴枸䬿柵⹎䘬⇅⥳㧋⺷⮵㕤㚵⊁⑩岒᷎䃉栗叿⼙枧炻䫔Ḵˣ䷙ ἧ䲵ℍ䴻嗽䎮䘬枸䬿柵⹎㔠㒂炻㔜橼㧉✳䘬怑惵⹎⍵侴旵Ỷ炻䵄⎰⇵徘⚈䳈㓭㛒⮯枸䬿柵⹎䲵ℍ徜㬠↮㜸㧉✳ˤ. Ʉ58Ʉ.

(25) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 堐⋩ᶨ 怷廗㕗徜㬠↮㜸䳸㝄 ᄻ८!. ȕ. S.E.. Wald. Exp炷ȕ炸. -3.136. 1.040. 9.095. ---. 0.184. 0.316. 0.339. 1.202. ᡑ໷! ⷠ㔠. ⇞⹎䲣䴉 ⍫䄏⮵尉炷䃉烌0炸䚠䔘⋨➇㚱⍫䄏⮵尉. 埴㓧⋨➇炷暊Ⲟ⛘⋨烌0炸 ⊿⊿➢⭄⛘⋨. 2.340*. 1.059. 4.884. 10.381. 㟫䪡剿⛘⋨. 1.924. 1.078. 3.182. 6.846. ᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨. 2.461*. 1.062. 5.373. 11.718. 暚▱⋿⛘⋨. 1.090. 1.118. 0.950. 2.975. 檀⯷⛘⋨. 2.436*. 1.112. 4.796. 11.424. 剙㜙⛘⋨. 1.580. 1.176. 1.805. 4.857. 0.000. 8.446. 1.001. 䳬䷼Ⱄ⿏ ⒉ⶍ䷥㔠. 0.001** 2. 2. n烌280烊Cox & Snell R 烌0.108烊Nagelkerke R 烌0.151烊Log likelihood烌315.166烊 Ȥ2烌31.850烊df烌8烊p烋0.001 婒㖶烉*pʀ0.05;**pʀ0.01;***p烋0.001 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭㔜䎮. ᶲ徘↮㜸䳸㝄栗䣢炻㔜橼㧉✳栗叿⿏侫槿 Ȥ2烌31.850 ᶼ p烋0.001烋0.05炻侴 Cox & Snell 斄倗⻟⹎ῤ䁢 0.108ˣNagelkerke 斄倗⻟⹎ῤ䁢 0.151炻栗䣢嬲枭㇨⺢䩳䘬徜㬠㧉✳怑惵⹎炷goodness of fit炸晾䁢䎮゛炷p烋0.001烋0.05炸炻Ữ冒嬲枭冯 ὅ嬲枭ᷳ攻䘬斄倗⿏᷎ᶵ⣈⻟炻Ṏ⌛妋慳Ḯ㚵⊁䷦㓰⋻崲炷䌚䋶炸冯䷦㓰ᶨ凔炷㛒䌚䋶炸䷥嬲䔘䘬 10.8%ˣ15.1%炷⏛㖶昮炻2009炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞䚖䘬᷎ᶵ⛐㕤⺢䩳㧉 ✳炻慵溆ᷫ⛐德忶ᾳ⇍嬲枭㔠ῤ䘬妋嬨炻ẍ慸㶭⇞⹎冯䳸㥳⚈䳈⮵㕤㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬ 䘬⼙枧䦳⹎ˤ 忚妨ᷳ炻⛐⇞⹎䲣䴉㥳朊ᷕ炻䔞℞Ṿ㡅ẞᶵ嬲䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻ˬ䚠䔘⋨➇㚱⍫䄏⮵ 尉䘬㨇斄˭㚵⊁⋻崲炷䌚䋶炸冯⏎䘬㨇䌯㭼炻㗗ˬ䚠䔘⋨➇㚱⍫䄏⮵尉ẍ⢾䘬㨇斄˭㚵⊁⋻崲炷䌚䋶炸冯⏎㨇䌯㭼䘬ˬ1.202 ᾵˭ˤẍˬ埴㓧⋨➇˭䁢ἳ炻䔞℞Ṿ 㡅ẞᶵ嬲䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻ˬᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨˭㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲䘬㨇䌯㭼炻㗗ˬᷕ⼘㈽⛘⋨ẍ ⢾˭㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲炷䌚䋶炸冯⏎㨇䌯㭼䘬 11.718 ᾵ˤ㚨⼴炻⛐䳬䷼Ⱄ⿏㥳朊ᷕ炻䔞℞Ṿ㡅ẞᶵ嬲䘬ね⼊ᶳ炻㨇斄⒉ⶍ䷥㔠㭷⡆≈ᶨṢ炻㨇斄㚵⊁⋻崲炷䌚䋶炸冯⏎ 䘬㨇䌯㭼⮯㗗⍇㛔䘬 1.001 ᾵ˤ䷥䘬Ἦ婒炻⛐⍫䄏⮵尉悐↮炻ẍˬ䚠䔘⋨➇⍫䄏˭ ⮵㕤㚵⊁䷦㓰䘬㬋⎹⼙枧㚨⻟䁰ˤ⛐埴㓧⋨➇㕡朊炻劍⮯ˬ暊Ⲟ⛘⋨˭ἄ䁢⮵䄏 Ʉ59Ʉ.

(26) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 䳬炻ˬ大⋲悐⛘⋨˭䘬㔜橼⼙枧≃怈檀㕤ˬ㜙⋲悐⛘⋨˭ˤᶱ⣏悥㚫⋨➢Ⰼ㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰ḇ㖶栗庫䁢⋻崲ˤ㚨⼴炻⒉ⶍ䷥㔠䚠⮵庫⣂㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰炻Ṏ㚫㭼⒉ⶍ ䷥㔠䚠⮵庫⮹㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰䔍䁢⋻崲ˤ. Ӄȃः‫ف‬๗፤ᇅ४‫ښ‬ Κȃः‫ف‬๗፤ᇅଇ፤ġ 椾⃰炻⯙⇞⹎䲣䴉侴妨炻㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦⛐䚠䔘⋨➇ᷕ炻劍⬀⛐⎴栆✳䘬⃒岒㨇斄炻䡢⮎㚫⼙枧➢Ⰼ㨇斄䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬烊⛐⎴ᶨ⋨➇ᷕ炻劍⬀⛐⎴栆✳䘬⃒岒㨇斄炻⇯ᶵ㚫忈ㆸ㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ㗗ẍ炻㛔䞼䨞 H1 ᷎ᶵㆸ䩳炻H2 ⇯㗗ㆸ䩳䘬ˤ䵄⎰䳬䷼⎴⼊ᷣ佑㤪⾝␴∝㕘㒜㔋䘬⍇䎮炻⍫䄏⮵尉⬀⛐䚠⎴␴䚠䔘䘬⋨➇ ᷕ炻䎮ㅱ⮵䈡⭂㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰悥㚫ⷞἮ㝸䧖⼙枧炻Ữ䴙妰䳸㝄⌣朆⤪㬌ˤỽẍ⎴ 栆✳⃒岒㨇斄䘬嶅暊⚈䳈炷嶐➇冯⏎炸㚫⼙枧㚵⊁䷦㓰␊烎忁天⚆㬠⇘㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩ 岒䋶䘬䲣䴉Ἦ妋慳ˤ➢㛔ᶲ炻⑩岒䋶昌Ḯ䁢㫈仢ⶪ⟜䪞䇕䘬℔悐攨⮶ℍ㸾䪞䇕䘬⼊⺷⢾炻Ṏ墺㎂㚵⊁⋻崲䘬㨇斄炻᷎⮯℞⃒溆℔媠㇨㚱⍫䋶␴朆⍫䋶㨇斄炷Löffler, 2001: 27炸ˤ䃞侴炻ᷕ⣖㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶᷎ᶵ⎴㕤⛘㕡㓧⹄䘬䁢㮹㚵⊁䷦㓰侫㟠炻惘役㨇斄ᷳ攻ᶵ⁭㫈仢䪞䇕斄Ὢ炻䭉䎮ⶖ䔘␴⬠佺㓰䙲⎗傥ḇᶵ㖶栗炻⯌㚱䓂侭炻惘役⎴栆✳䘬⃒岒㨇斄忂ⷠ䁢㔠ᶵ⣂炻德忶⇵徘㍷徘⿏䴙妰ὧ⎗䩢䞍ˤ䚠⍵⛘炻恋 ṃ⛘䎮ỵ伖庫怈䘬⢾䷋ⶪ⎴栆✳⃒岒㨇斄炻ᶵ⁭㔠慷䚠⮵庫⣂炻⮵⍫䋶㨇斄Ṏ庫㖻㽨崟奨㐑⬠佺䘬㕘歖デˤ䯉妨ᷳ炻䓙㕤嶐⋨➇⎴栆✳⃒岒㨇斄䘬㔠慷䚠⮵庫⣂炻ẍ ⍲Ờ晐侴Ἦ䘬⢾悐⏠⺽≃炻⎗傥⮶农⎴栆✳⃒岒㨇斄䘬嶅暊怈役炻㚫⼙枧㚨䳪㚵⊁ ⑩岒䘬㓡┬ˤ ⇞⹎ỵ⛨ᷕ䘬埴㓧⋨➇↮ⶫ䡢⮎㚫⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬炻忁溆冯⣂㔠Ṣ䚜奢䓂䁢㍍役ˤᶵ忶炻➢Ⰼ㨇斄䃉婾晠Ⱄ㕤ᷕ⣖ㆾ⛘㕡㓧⹄炻⇯⮵℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬㰺㚱⼙枧ˤ㗗ẍ炻㛔䞼䨞 H3 ㆸ䩳炻H4 ⇯㗗ᶵㆸ䩳䘬ˤ⯙⇵侭侴妨炻㚵⊁⋻崲䘬➢ Ⰼ㨇斄⣏⣂↮ⶫ⛐⊿ˣᷕˣ⋿ᶱ⣏悥㚫⋨炻军㕤大悐朆悥㚫⋨ˣ剙㜙⛘⋨ẍ⍲暊Ⲟ ⛘⋨⇯㖶栗ῷ⮹炻忁溆冯 Wu et al.炷2013炸䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦䚠Ụˤ军㕤➢Ⰼ㨇斄㇨Ⱄ䘬㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂᷎ᶵ㚫⼙枧℞㚵⊁䷦㓰炻ㆾ⎗夾䁢ᶨ枭⤥㴰〗炻⚈䁢忁ẋ堐㮹シ⡻≃庫䁢攻㍍䘬ᷕ⣖ᶱˣ⚃䳂㨇斄炻Ụ᷶Ṏ␴㮹怠⛘㕡㓧⹄ᶨ㧋慵夾䁢㮹㚵⊁⑩岒炻农ἧ⼤㬌䘬㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䳸㝄䃉↮幺庲ˤ. Ʉ60Ʉ.

(27) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. ℞㫉炻⯙䳬䷼Ⱄ⿏侴妨炻䳬䷼夷㧉ᷕ㛒䴻嗽䎮䘬枸䬿柵⹎᷎ᶵ⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁⑩ 岒䘬㓡┬炻⍵侴㗗⒉ⶍ䷥㔠⼙枧Ḯ㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬炻忁⎗傥冯⎬㨇斄枸䬿柵⹎㔠㒂 ⶖ䔘忶⣏㚱斄炻㓭㛔䞼䨞⮯䳬䷼Ⱄ⿏䚠斄嬲枭㔠㒂䴻忶嗽䎮炻ℵ㫉㩊槿䘤䎦ℑ侭⮵ 㕤㚵⊁⑩岒⛯㚱⼙枧炻㗗ẍ炻㛔䞼䨞 H5 ㆸ䩳Ữ⮵㕤㚵⊁⑩岒䘬⼙枧Ụ᷶㚱旸炻H6 ⇯㗗⬴ℐㆸ䩳䘬ˤLipsky炷1980炸ᷣ⻝➢Ⰼ㨇斄䘬屯㸸ὃ䴎䴻ⷠ崽ᶵᶲ㮹䛦怆⡆䘬暨㯪炻≈ẍ忁栆㨇斄Ⱄ㕤ˬ⊆≃⭮普˭䘬㚵⊁✳ン炻㓭侴炻Ṣ≃⣂⮉⎗傥䚜㍍堅㑲㮹䛦䘬㚵⊁デ⍿炷⤪䫱⼭㗪攻炸ˤ㬌⢾炻㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄⣂⮹␤ㅱ Lee 冯 Whitford 炷2013: 704炸ˣBoyne炷2003b: 376炸䘬ᷣ⻝烉枸䬿柵⹎㛒⽭䷥㚫⼙枧䁢㮹㚵⊁䷦ 㓰ˤ䁢ỽ㚫㚱ˬ拊⣂䃉㱽彎⤥ḳ˭䘬䎦尉烎椾⃰炻ᶨ㖎㨇斄枸䬿夷㧉嬲⣏炻㚱⎗傥䘤䓇℔ℙ怠㑯⬠㳦㇨妨䘬㴒屣℔ⶹねḳ炷Niskanen, 1971炸炻㈹ㆾ炻枸䬿㛔幓᷎朆㈽ℍ⛐冯㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬㚨䁢䚠斄䘬ⶍἄ枭䚖ᶲˤ䔞䃞炻㨇斄枸䬿ᶨ㖎嬲⣂炻Ờ晐䘬 ả⊁⚘暋⹎ḇグ⣏炷Jung, 2013: 679炸炻⎗傥⍵⎹ ⭛㨇斄䷦㓰ˤ⃀䭉➢Ⰼ㨇斄Ⱄ ⿏ᶵ⎴㕤㓧䫾夷∫㨇斄炻枸䬿柵⹎㛒⽭㚫冯ả⊁桐晒䚜㍍㍃⊦炻Ữ㛔䞼䨞ṵᶵ㌺昌㬌ᶨ⎗傥⿏ˤ㛒Ἦ䞼䨞ㆾ⎗侫ㄖ≈ℍᶨṃᷕṳ嬲枭炻ẍ慸㶭⚈㝄斄Ὢ䘬ン㧋ˤ 㨇斄⸜漉⎴㧋ᶵ⼙枧㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬炻㓭㛔䞼䨞 H7 ᷎ᶵㆸ䩳ˤ䨞℞⮎炻㚱⎗ 傥↢㕤㝸ṃ⬠侭䘬ᷣ⻝烉㨇斄⸜漉檀Ỷ冯䳬䷼゘⿏ᷳ攻᷎朆⏰䎦䶂⿏斄Ὢ 炷Chen, 2014炸烊Ṏ⌛炻㨇斄⸜漉檀ㆾỶ悥ℤ℟㚱⇑ㆾᶵ⇑㕤℞㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬⚈䳈ˤ䚠庫㕤檀漉㨇斄侴妨炻⸜庽㨇斄⚢䃞㰺㚱䷩㔯䷇䭨䘬屈㑼炻⌣⎗傥朊冐埴㓧䴻槿ᶵ嵛䘬桐晒ˤ⍵ᷳ炻檀漉㨇斄⚢䃞䴻槿寸⭴炻⌣暋ẍ㒢僓䷩㔯䷇䭨䘬㜇䷃ˤ昌朆ℑ栆㨇斄悥℟⁁列⤥䘬䳬䷼⬠佺傥≃炻㕡傥㤝⣏⊾⸜漉㛔幓㇨℟㚱䘬䳬䷼䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ ⽑㫉炻⯙䳬䷼柀⮶侴妨炻㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦椾攟䘬借㵗䴻槿␴∝㕘⍾⎹ℑ侭炻䘮ᶵ⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒䘬㓡┬炻㓭㛔䞼䨞 H8 ␴ H9 ᷎ᶵㆸ䩳ˤ檀昶䎮婾ᷣ⻝椾攟娵䞍冯埴䁢㶙⍿℞側㘗␴䈡岒Ⱄ⿏⼙枧炷Hambrick & Mason, 1984炸炻㛔䞼䨞⌣䘤䎦椾攟䘬埴㓧㬟䶜冯㨇斄䘬㚵⊁䷦㓰㛒⽭㚱斄炻忁側⼴㚱ℑ䧖⎗傥䘬妋慳烉℞ᶨ炻椾攟䘬借㵗䴻槿ὅ䃞慵天炻Ữ⇵㍸㗗⃰⇵䭉䎮䴻槿⽭枰冯䔞⇵㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬ⶍἄ暨㯪⋡ 惵炷Petrovsky et al., 2014炸炻⏎⇯炻䷙ἧ椾攟忶⍣㑩㚱寸⭴䘬屯㬟炻⿸⮯⮵㚵⊁⑩ 岒䘬㓡┬䃉㾇㕤ḳˤ8 ℞Ḵ炻柀⮶⎒㗗ᶨᾳ㬠⚈炻䔞㨇斄㖑⶚⺢䩳列⤥䘬⇞⹎冯㔯 ⊾⁛㈧炻ㆾ℟⁁庫Ἓ䘬Ṣ≃屯㸸㗪炻⇯椾攟屯㬟⮵㕤㨇斄㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬侴妨炻⼙枧 ≃㚱⎗傥嬲⼿ᶵ栗叿ˤ䔞䃞炻ẍᶲ妋慳Ṏ怑䓐㕤 H9 䘬槿嫱䳸㝄妋慳ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻 8. ἳ⤪炻椾攟㛔Ṣᶵ慵夾㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬炻ㆾ⯂㚱℞Ṿ㚜慵天䘬䳬䷼ả⊁炷⤪㓧㱣㚵⊁炸ⅴ 楽㕤⑩岒㓡┬ˤ! Ʉ61Ʉ.

(28) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 㛔䞼䨞ᶵ㌺昌ℑ侭斄Ὢ僓戌Ṏ⎗傥㸸㕤㷔慷㕡㱽䘬斄Ὢˤ䨞⮎侴婾炻椾攟㛔Ṣ忶⍣ ⍫䋶䴻槿寸⭴ㆾ⎗ẋ堐℞∝㕘⍾⎹庫檀炻Ữ⍵忶Ἦ婒炻恋ṃ∝㕘⍾⎹㽫⍂䘬椾攟炻㗗⏎⽭䃞德忶⍫䋶徼⼹Ἦ⯽䎦℞ⶍἄ∝㕘シ⚾冯埴䁢炻⇯⯂㚱妶婾䨢攻ˤ䃉婾⤪ ỽ炻῀劍檀昶䎮婾㗗⎗ᾉ䘬炻⮵㛒Ἦ㚱冰嵋䘬䞼䨞侭侴妨炻冱↉椾攟ᾳṢᷣᾖ䘬⮰ 㤕ˣ㚦⏎䌚⼿℔⊁䓴䚠斄㬲㥖炻ẍ⍲㚦⍫冯䘬䚠斄⛐借妻䶜婚䦳炷Esteve et al., 2013: 935炸䫱炻䘮⎗▿娎䲵ℍ䳬䷼柀⮶嬲枭䘬㷔慷炻ㆾ⎗㍸檀㬌ᶨ嬲枭䘬妋慳≃ˤ 㚨⼴炻ẍᶲ䘤䎦⮵㕤➢Ⰼ㨇斄⮶ℍ㧁䪧⬠佺䘬㕡㱽婾㚱ỽ┇䣢烎婾侭⁦⎹㕤⮯ 㚵⊁⋻崲㬠⚈㕤列⤥䘬䭉䎮傥≃炻ょ℔ℙ䳬䷼㡅ẞ⼨⼨⋿廭⊿廵炻⇵徘枸姕⎗傥㚱忽ⷠ䎮ˤ⤥㭼ᶵ㗗㇨㚱䯫䎫怠ㇳ悥⎗ㆸ䁢伶⚳ NBA 䎫⒉䘬忻䎮烊⃒岒㚵⊁㨇斄 ˬῤ⼿塓ầ㓰˭㗗ᶨ⚆ḳ炻Ữˬ⎗ẍ塓ầ㓰˭Ụ᷶⍰㗗⎎ᶨ⚆ḳˤ⇵侭⣂Ἦ冒㕤㨇斄堐䎦↢䛦ˣ倚⎵怈㑕ᷳ㓭炻Ữ⼴侭㴱⍲恋ṃ⃒岒㚵⊁㨇斄ᷳ䴻槿㛔幓傥⏎塓ㆸ≇ 䦣㢵䘬⓷柴炻忁䈥㴱⇘䳬䷼⬠佺⼙枧⚈䳈炷Askim, Johnsen, & Christopherson, 2008炸炻ㆾ㧁䪧⣍Ờ䮑怠䘬⓷柴炷Folz, 2004炸ˤ⃀䭉⼙枧≃ᶵ⤪枸㛇Ἦ⼿⺋炻Ữ ⇞⹎冯䳬䷼怬㗗⮵㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬忈ㆸᶨṃ⼙枧烊䪁⛐㧁䪧⬠佺奺⹎炻ㆹᾹᶵ傥⬴ℐ ⾥䔍⃰⣑⚈䳈䘬⼙枧≃炻⏎⇯屧䃞⛘⎹恋ṃ㚵⊁⋻崲䘬㨇斄⍾䴻炻⼰⎗傥㚫䓊䓇㜙㕥㓰栘䘬⓷柴ˤ➢㬌炻㨇斄⃰⣑⚈䳈⮵㕤⼴⣑䭉䎮⚈䳈䘬⇞䲬炻忚侴䚜㍍ㆾ攻㍍⛘ ⼙枧㨇斄㚵⊁䷦㓰炻Ṏ⎗ἄ䁢㛒Ἦ埵䓇䘬䞼䨞ᷣ柴ˤ. Ρȃः‫ف‬४‫ښ‬ġ 椾⃰炻婈⤪ Stewart炷2003: 123炸㇨妨烉℔ℙ䳬䷼ᷕˬ㚨Ἓ₡ῤˣ列⤥㚵⊁ˣ ⋻崲䷦㓰炻ẍ军㕤㚵⊁㓡┬炻䘮朆䱦䡢ㆾ⎗庽㖻䓴⭂䘬㤪⾝˭炻⃀䭉㨇斄⼿䋶冯⏎ Ὢ德忶ᶨ⣿䷅⭮䘬姽⮑䦳⸷䓊䓇炻Ữ側⼴⽭䃞䈥㴱⇘ᷕ⣖姽䋶㳣≽ᷣ彎㨇斄䘬㓧䫾嬘䦳炷Wilford, 2007: 336炸炻栆Ụ⬠侭 Schattschneider炷1961: 71炸㇨妨䘬ˬῷⶖ≽ ⒉˭炷the mobilization of bias炸䳸㝄炻Ṏ⌛姽㟠㥳朊ˣ枭䚖冯㊯㧁炻偗⭂㚫⮵㝸ṃ ⍿姽㨇斄忈ㆸ⃰⣑㚱⇑ㆾᶵ⇑䘬⼙枧ˤἳ⤪炻⎴栆✳炷⤪℔㇨炸➢Ⰼ䳬䷼㚱斄ˬ屯妲瀘忂㚵⊁˭䘬㕥㓧⃒⃰⿏炻⎗傥⬀⛐㤝⣏䘬❶悱ⶖ䔘炻Ữ姽㟠㊯㧁⌣⎗傥⼙枧姽 ↮ˤ㬌⢾炻䓙㕤㍉ˬ⃰㚠朊ˣ⼴⮎⛘˭姽⮑ἄ㤕㕡⺷炻恋ṃᶵ┬㕤㚠朊ἄ㤕䘬➢Ⰼ 䳬䷼偗⭂⎫嘏ˤ昌Ḯ⮰㤕䞍嬀⢾炻姽⮑⥼⒉⛐柀➇䞍嬀炷domain knowledge炸䘬䅇䦼⹎炻⮵㕤侫姽䳸㝄Ṏᶵ⭡⮷奟ˤ䷥ᷳ炻姽䋶妰䔓ῷ⤥ˣ㊯㧁冯卩劙⮶⎹䘬姽⮑㨇 ⇞炻㗗⏎㚫冯ᶨ凔䘦⥻䘬䛇⮎デ⍿㚱㇨句ⶖ炻忚侴⼙枧㚵⊁䷦㓰䘬娵⭂炻⽆䎮婾Ⰼ 㫉Ἦ䚳᷎朆㮓䃉⎗傥ˤ⺽䓛侴婾炻㛒Ἦ䞼䨞侭ㆾ⎗≈ℍ⇑⭛斄ὪṢ炷╖ᶨㆾ⣂⃫炸. Ʉ62Ʉ.

(29) ቹៜ୷ቫ‫۔‬Ⴛಔᙃ୍ܺࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ӢનǺࡹ୍۬ܺࠔ፦ዛ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ϩ‫!݋‬. 䘬ᷣ奨䷦㓰堉慷㕡㱽炻ẍ忚埴ᶵ⎴㕡㱽冯䳸㝄ᷳ㭼庫ˤ ℞㫉炻⍿旸㕤⭊奨屯㕁吸普㕡㱽⍲䞼䨞屯㸸䘬旸⇞炻㝸ṃ嬲枭䘬㑵ἄ᷎㛒䚉⤪ Ṣシˤ冱ἳἮ婒炻⃒岒㚵⊁㨇斄䘬⬀⛐炻䎮ㅱ㚫⟹忈䳬䷼柀➇ᷕ䈡⭂㨇斄䘬忚⍾⡻ ≃ㆾ⺽䘤䳬䷼⬠佺䘬㨇㚫炻Ữ㛔䞼䨞㑵ἄᶲ㍉⍾䊡佑䘬奨溆炻⌛旸䷖⛐ˬ⎴栆✳˭ ⃒岒㚵⊁㨇斄炷⤪㇞㓧㨇斄ᷳ攻炸䘬⭊奨⼙枧≃炻㬌冱⚢䃞性⃵Ḯ妋慳㯦㾓炻⌣㹳䓇㷔慷ᶵℐ䘬晙ㄪ炻䈡⇍㗗恋ṃˬ㤕⊁Ⱄ⿏䚠役˭炷⤪⋨㓧冯㇞㓧㨇斄ᷳ攻炸䘬⃒ 岒㚵⊁㨇斄炻Ṏ⎗傥⛐姽䋶䲣䴉ᷕ⍾⼿㝸䧖ˬ⍫䄏㪲˭炻侴ㆸ䁢℞Ṿ➢Ⰼ㨇斄⍾ 䴻ˣầ㓰䘬⮵尉ˤ 㚨⼴炻㚱斄㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄㗗⏎嵛ẍ栆㍐军ℐ⚳➢Ⰼ㨇斄烎忁悐↮⽭枰㉙㊩ᾅ䔁ン ⹎ˤ⇵⶚徘⍲炻⤈➢⛐姽䋶␴䞼䨞䫾䔍㔯䌣䘬➢䢶ᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞挾⭂⛐⍫冯⇵Ḽ⯮㓧 ⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䋶䘬➢Ⰼ㨇斄ˤ➢㛔ᶲ炻恋ṃ僓䧶侴↢䘬䌚䋶㨇斄炻℞㚵⊁䷦㓰⋻崲㬮䃉䔹佑炻䚠⮵⛘炻㛒䌚䋶㨇斄䘬㚵⊁㯜⸛⯙⎒傥夾䁢ᶨ凔烊慵溆㗗⯂㚱䁢㔠䛦⣂䘬㛒⍫䋶㨇斄炻℞⇞⹎ˣ䳬䷼ˣ柀⮶⍲㚵⊁⑩岒㓡┬䘬嬲䔘䦳⹎⎗傥㚜⣏ˤ⍵奨㛔䞼䨞㚱ṃ嬲枭䘬↮䳬⸛⛯㔠炷⤪⸜漉炸ᷫⶖ䔘䓂⽖炻➢㬌炻忁㗗⏎シ␛叿ᶨ㖎䲵ℍ㚜 ⣂䘬婧㞍⮵尉炻㖊㚱嬲枭䘬嬲䔘⿏冯妋慳≃㚱⎗傥晐ᷳ侴䔘炻Ụ㚱⼭⼴临德忶℞Ṿ 婧㞍㕡㱽≈ẍ㭼⮵ˤ. ୥Մਫҭ ⏛㖶昮炷2009炸ˤSPSS ᐈձᇅᔗңȈୱ‫ڣ‬ಜॏϸ‫ݚ‬ᄃଡ଼ˤ冢⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ 㛶攟㗷ˣ䲨ὲ冋ˣᶩṩ㕡ˣ湫⺢所ˣ㞗⽿㖴ˣ昛⺢ṩˣ㕡↙⻀ˣ惕⬱⺟炷2011炸ˤ ୣ஀ึ৥ᇅၯ஀‫ݾ‬౪Ӓ෉೤დˤ埴㓧昊䞼䨞䘤⯽侫㟠⥼⒉㚫妰䔓炷䶐嘇烉 0992660048炸炻㛒↢䇰ˤ ⹾渿⧇ˣ⏪晭暗炷2010炸ˤ㍸⋯㓧⹄㚵⊁⑩岒䫾䔍ᷳ㍊妶ˤःՄᚗУё炻34炷5炸炻 12-23ˤ Aldrich, H. E. (1972). Technology and organizational structure: A reexamination of the findings of the Aston group. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 26-43. Amirkhanyan, A. A., H. J. Kim, & K. T. Lambright (2014). The performance puzzle: Understanding the factors influencing alternative dimensions and views of performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24(1), 1-34. Andrews, R., G. A. Boyne, & R. M. Walker (2006a). Strategy content and organizational Ʉ63Ʉ.

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