教學設計的哲學省思--由客觀主義到建構主義

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(8) l\i.iS.*4t.~$R'+4J.. < (1111<). ~~~~~.~"'~F£E:-R~~~.~~I*~~F£E:*. ."..,. ------------....----..---..... ~ Merrill ~-:E~. ..... ---~~---. 0. ~~~~rtr>~~{I:.I~. ~ ~1*~F£E:*~Wi:J;!j~~JR*' ~. 4II~ 1 ~8i&~'M ~ ~$~.~~8i&~1I! 19~~~~1t!( Component display theory) ~ ~~!JI!!JHI£:~. ~• • F£E:~~~' [lH1~•. ~~ , ~.~ifii.{ftt~~F£E:. 1lfft.. .~_~~~lE~~~~Nl ~~.~~~~~~. 0. JR~1t!-a-~~~~(Mnemonic) ~.~:!;lg (Analogy)_~. ~~.~~_~1t!-H-~~~,~~~~~~~~~o. .. ~JR.a,~~~• • 0 ~-a-~~.(Hypermedia)'. JR.§t~ (Electronic-knowledge network) ~~~1lf~.. ~~_+H~_~:ffiit~ ~ rrn~~~~~.Iii\ll!lll.~~. 8i&~~~~~~B~~~~~~~~~• • ~rrn~~~. .{ftt~~-<.~~~~\lI!IIl~~.o. .:!=lat~-<H • •(Artificial reality)~~~ ~ ~~**~. ~.~~tEI_· .jf!!:~. *_41I. ••+H~~~~~~~g~~.~~e~~~~~~ 0. I JR~!$ll. J. ~ ~ ~ ~-Inl[~~£:t~~~~~~~. ~.~~{[!~~~B~~. 1~.~~~~~~~. IJR~~~~J~ • •+H~~~~~~~~~§.~~~. ~J~~~~~€~~~l~*,o. ~~'M.{ftt~~lHf(Narrative information structure) ~ tEIlE. .~~~~jf!!:ii:'M~~.~( Episodic memory cues) ~. ... _+H~8i&~1f~.i·Iiit~~~~f'~$~fl{\lI!IIl~ ~ ~rtr>Wi$*':Mit. u._-P<4ii. lEU( Construction) ~~~~~+Hiii~'~. how do we link?: In Anglin, G.. J. (ED.), Instruc. . . . ; Bendar, A: K. etc. (1991). Theory into practice,. ~$~~(Ferguson,1988)~~1r ~ ~.(Instruction). 4~.~~.~~.~~_. 0. ~~JR• •~~• •~.F£E:o. •. 0. ~~~_-m-lW~t$~ ~ ~.gf!5:~IlIi~~-m.. :1l\Il*m~$1-<. ~iii~.$.~• • ~_~.~~lE#-m$1-<~~ ~$.~~_bliS.jf!!:~~iiit-a- ~ ~(Facts)~~~. tional Technology. Libraries Unlimited, Inc. Engle 0. ,~-a-. wood, Colorado. 88-101.. NBrown, j. S. etc. (1989). Situated cognition and the. (Principles) $1* ~~iI?l' ~ ~ Reigeluth ~_• •~ilH~F£E: ~~-Inl[~~~,~.~(.g~JR.iI?l)~lE~.~~. cultuer of learning. Educatioral Researcher, 18( 1), 32. Hillsdale,. NJ:. Lawrence. & Newman ,S. E. (1988).. ~ ~ eimlQ"~1JP:{~~~~-R~~~~iii.1::;J~JR.. models.. J. S.. -42.. and. Collins, A. Brown,. theories Erlbaum.. text?: Literary and interdiscipinary approaches to in. d Morgan. T. (1985). Is there an interext in this. M. .~~~~~o~~.~~~• •a£:~~~. 4~~~~~~"'._'.~~~.~o. Cognitive apprenticeship Teaching the craft of read ing, writing, and mathematics.!n L. B. Resnick ( Ed. ) , cognition and instruction :Issues and agen das, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum..

(9) ~F-~.~~. ..). ~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~~~.~~,~.~(~~~. ... ~~~~~~~~~~ ,,,~~~~o. E~~~~o~$~.~~~~~"~~.~~. ••. YY"''-'''''-A,. ,""v.lv.&. auu., uu .LV.L.. NBrown, ]. S. etc. (1989). Situated cognition and the. cultuer of learning. Educatioral Researcher, 18(1),32 -42.. and. models.. Hillsdale,. NJ:. Lawrence. mCollins, A. Brown, J. S. & Newman ,5. E. (1988).. theories. 4~~~.~.~~",. Cognitive apprenticeship Teaching the craft of read Erlbaum.. -40.. tertexuality. The American Journal of semiotics, 3,1. text?: Literary and interdiscipinary approaches to in. d Morgan. T. (1985). Is there an interext in this. ing, writing, and mathematics.In L. B. Resnick ( Ed. ) , cognition and instruction :Issues and agen das, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. "":Cunningham, D. (1987). Outline of and educational semiotic. The American Journal of semiotics, 5, 201. .n Duffy, T. M. (1990). What makes a difference in. presented at the annual meeting of the American. sis of expert knowledge: Input to test design. Paper. tiMumaw, R., & Means, B. (1988). Cognitive analy. instruction? In T. G. Sticht, B. McDonald, & M.. Educational Research Association, New Orleans,. -216.. Beeler (Eds.) , The intergenerational transfer of. Louisiana.. W. (1970). Forms of intellectual and ethical. M. C., & Richardson, ].]. (Ed.). (1988).. ~(1111~ ). systems. New York: Nichols Publishing.. :=:Romiszowski, A. J. (1981). Designing instructional. els. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.. C. M. (Ed.), Instructional Design Theories & Mod. !:dReigluth, C. M. (1983). Introduction.: In Reigluth,. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.. Foundations of intelligent tutoring systems. Hillsdale,. ~Polson,. York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.. development. in the college years: A scheme New. ~Perry. cognitive skills. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. <.OGardner, Howard. (1987). The mind's new science. (1991). Context is everything.. New York: Basic Book. r-: Jonassen, D, H.. Educational Technology, 31(6), 35-37. D. H. Objectivism Versus Constructivism:. Lakoff, G. ( 1987). Women fire and dangerous. 39(3), 5-14.. Do we need a new philosophical paradigm? ETR&D,. 00 Jonassen,. ~. ( Ed.) . Instructional design. M. D. (1983). Component display theory.: In. things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ~Merril,. Reigeluth, C. M.. ~.~:iiii:!fj~.HqIIlH~--m~.+H.~ • •+H..

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