現代日本語における和製外来語の造語実態―通時的な考察を通して ― = 現代日語和製外來語的構詞―透過歷時性的考察―

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(1)‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒร 24 ཚ 2012 ‫ ڣ‬12 ִΔ଄ 129-148 2012-10-20 ‫گ‬ᒚΔ2012-12-12 ຏመ‫࿆ע‬. ! ! ! ౫хСᇮ‫ڸ‬ᇨѵ‫ٿ‬ᇮ‫ޠ‬ᄻມ! ˕ഇႇᐤਣ‫ޠܓ‬Մᄇ˕! ࣥᐝ‫*ܩ‬. ኴ૞ ᙟထழ‫ז‬ऱ᧢ᔢ፿ߢՈᄎᇿထԫរԫរ‫᧢ޏچ‬Δ‫ء‬ᒧᓵ֮‫ܛ‬൶ಘ ‫ڇ‬෼‫ֲז‬፿፿ნխΔ᧢֏່੡᧩ထऱࡉ፹ΰֲ‫ء‬፹α؆ࠐ፿ࠡ᧢ᔢઌ ᣂհംᠲΖ‫ء‬ᒚࠌ‫ڣޢࡳࡐش‬࿇۩‫ױ׊‬᜕ឰࢤ஢஦፿ဲ᧢֏ऱπ෼ ‫ ش ז‬፿ 圸 ഗ ៕ व ᢝ ρ੡ ᓳ ਷ ᇷ ற Δಾ ኙ ࡉ ፹ ؆ ࠐ ፿ ऱ ዌ ဲ ൕ ᖵ ழ ࢤ ऱ ߡ৫ࠐ൶ಘΖ ଈ ٣ Δ ൕ ᑇ ၦ ᧢ ֏ ࠐ ઎ ؆ ࠐ ፿ ऱ ፿ ဲ ዌ ທ Δ ᨠ ኘ ࠩ Κ ຍ २ 10 ‫ڣ‬ ࡉ፹؆ࠐ፿ऱဲ‫ڶݮ‬ດዬೣ‫᧢ړ‬࿍ऱႜ‫ٻ‬Ζʳ ࠡ‫ڻ‬Δൕທဲऄࠐ઎Δഗ‫ء‬Ղࠉ༛ֲ፿ࡐ‫ڶ‬ऱທဲऄࢬ‫ګݮ‬ऱ؆ ࠐ፿ࡺ‫ڍ‬Δ‫ڇ‬ٚ۶ԫଡ‫זڣ‬ս‫ګٽא‬ऄ່੡ᚌႨΖ ‫ ڼ‬؆ Δ २ 30 ‫ ࡉ ڣ‬፹ ؆ ࠐ ፿ ऱ ທ ဲ ऄ ᅝ խ Δ ௽ ܑ ਢ ൕ 80 ‫ ז ڣ‬৵ ‫ת‬ ཚ‫נ‬෼Ա؆ࠐ፿ࠡ଺؆፿ဲైտԵֲ፿ዌဲऱ௽ᐛΖངߢհΔֲ፿ࡉ ፹؆ࠐ፿ऱዌဲբ‫ڶ‬၌‫ֲנ‬፿ဲైᒤ໮ऱ෼ွΔ‫ױ‬ᨠኘࠩ៶‫଺ط‬؆፿ ဲైऱዌဲᖙ‫ګݮࢬ܂‬ऱࡉ፹؆ࠐ፿Ζ. ᣂ ᝶ ဲ Κ ؆ ࠐ ፿ Ε ࡉ ፹ ဲ ΰ ֲ ‫ ء‬፹ ፿ ဲ αΕ ዌ ဲ Ε ဲ ై Ε ᖵ ழ ࢤ. *. ‫؀‬᨜Օᖂֲ‫ء‬፿֮ᖂߓ೫ඒ඄.

(2) 130 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. The Word Formation of Japanese-made Loan Words in Modern Japanese: Through the Diachronic Investigation Lin, Hui-jun *. Abstract With the changes of era, languages also change little by little. This article mentions about the Japanese-made loan words, which has a remarkable change in modern Japanese vocabulary. In this article, “ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CONTEMPORARY WORDS”, which is republished per year and can catch the change of vocabulary longitudinally was used as a investigation data, and the Japanese-made loan words was discussed in a diachronic way with the view of word formation. Firstly, we can see the word formation of loan words by their change of quantity and find out that the word form of loan words prefers to be shorter in the recent decade. Secondly, from the view of word formation, basically, the loan words which follow the existed Japanese word formation are majority, and the compound word formation is superiority in every era. Furthermore, the characteristic of the loan words’ original morpheme appeared in the word formation of Japanese-made loan words i n t h e r e c e n t 3 0 y e a r s . T h a t i s t o s a y, t h e w o r d f o r m a t i o n o f Japanese-made loan words has exceeded the range of Japanese. *. Chair Professor of the Department of Applied Japanese, Kainan University.

(3) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 131. morpheme, and the Japanese-made loan words which wereformedbythe operation of their original morphemes were also observed.. Keywords: the change of loan words, word formation, diachronic, Japanese-made loan words.

(4) 132 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ ̆ㅢᤨ⊛ߥ⠨ኤࠍㅢߒߡ̆ ᨋᘢำ*. ⷐᣦ ᤨઍߩᄌൻߣߣ߽ߦߎߣ߽߫ዋߒߕߟᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊ‫ߩ߫ߣߎޕ‬⒖ ࠅᄌࠊࠅߪ‫ޔ‬㖸㖿߿ᢥᴺ‫⺆ߡߒߘޔ‬ᒵߥߤߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ஥㕙ߦ⷗ࠄ ࠇࠆ߇‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߢ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ᒵ‫޿ߒ⪺ߦ․ޔ‬ᄌൻ᭽⋧ ࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቯᦼ ⊛ߦᲤᐕ⊒ⴕߐࠇ‫ߩ⪲⸒ޔ‬᭽⋧ߩᄌൻࠍ❑ᢿ⊛ߦᛠីߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ޡ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ ⺞ ࠍޢ‬ᩏ ⾗ ᢱ ߦ ߒ ‫ޔ‬10 ᐕ ߏ ߣ ߩ ๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ታ ᘒߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㅢᤨ⊛ߥ⠨ኤࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ ߕ ‫ޔ‬ᢙ ㊂ ⊛ ߥ ᄌ ൻ ߆ ࠄ ⺆ ᭴ ㅧ ೎ ߦ ⷗ ࠇ ߫ ‫ ߎ ߎޔ‬10 ᐕ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ⺆ᒻߣߒߡ⍴޿ᣇ߇ᅢ߹ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ޿ߞߚ௑ ะ߇ᝒ߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆ᴺ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪᄖ᧪⺆߽ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᓥ᧪ߩㅧ ⺆ᴺߦࠃࠆ଀߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬วᚑߣ޿߁ㅧ⺆ᴺ߇ߤߩᐕઍߢ߽৻⇟ఝ൓ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߽ ⏕ ⹺ ߢ ߈ ߚ ‫ ߎ ߎ ޔ ߅ ߥ ޕ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ‫ ߦ ․ ޔ‬80 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ᴺߦᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ᒻᘒ⚛ߩ੺࿷ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆⃻⽎߇⋡ ┙ߟߎߣ߇․ᓽߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇߚ‫ޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߦ ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛߆ࠄߪߺ಴ߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛࡟ࡌ ࡞ߢߩㅧ⺆ᠲ૞߽⷗߃ᆎ߼ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬. ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦ᄖ᧪⺆‫ޔ‬๺⵾⺆‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ⚛‫ޔ‬ㅢᤨ⊛. *. บḧᄢቇᣣᧄ⺆ᢥቇ⑼೽ᢎ᝼.

(5) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 133. ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ ̆ㅢᤨ⊛ߥ⠨ኤࠍㅢߒߡ̆ ᨋᘢำʳ. ৻‫ߦ߼ߓߪޔ‬ ᤨઍߩᄌൻߣߣ߽ߦߎߣ߽߫ዋߒߕߟᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊ‫ߩ߫ߣߎޕ‬⒖ ࠅᄌࠊࠅߪ‫ޔ‬㖸㖿߿ᢥᴺ‫⺆ߡߒߘޔ‬ᒵߥߤߩ஥㕙ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ᧄޔ‬ Ⓜߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߢ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ᒵ‫޿ߒ⪺ߦ․ޔ‬ᄌൻ᭽⋧ࠍ⷗ߖߡ ޿ࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᄖ᧪⺆ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬Ⴧട㊂߿Ⴧടࠬࡇ࡯࠼߇߆ߥࠅ⪺ߒߊ‫߿ߪ߽ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ⺆ߩ๟ㄝㇱߩ໧㗴ߣήⷞߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߩ ᄖ᧪⺆ߩᶖ㐳‫߇ࠇߘޔߡߒߘޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ᒵ૕♽ߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ߥߤ ࠍⓥ᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㅢᤨ⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ߿ಽᨆ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߣ⸒߃ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ ߎ 30ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ᆫ ࠍ ᝒ ߃ ࠆ ߚ ߼ ߦ ‫ ޔ‬ዊ ⺰ ߢ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ቯ ᦼ ⊛ ߦ Ფ ᐕ⊒ⴕߐࠇ‫ߩ⪲⸒ޔ‬᭽⋧ߩᄌൻࠍ❑ᢿ⊛ߦᛠីߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ޡ‬ઍ↪⺆ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ ⺞ ࠍ ޢ‬ᩏ ⾗ ᢱ ߦ ߒ ߚ ‫ ޔ ߦ ․ ޕ‬10ᐕ ߏ ߣ ߩ ߎ ߣ ߫ ߩ ᄌ ൻ ࠍ ᝒ ߃ ࠆ ߚ ߼ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬1979ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬1988ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬1999ᐕ ߘ ߒ ߡ 2009ᐕ ࠍ ⺞ ᩏ ⾗ ᢱ ߣ 㒢 ቯ ߒ ‫ ߩ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߘޔ‬Ꮞ ᧃ ߩ‫ ޟ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᐕ 㐓 ‫ޠ‬1 ߆ ࠄ ๺ ⵾ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ߩߺࠍ⠨ኤߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬྾ᐕಽߩ๺⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ࠍ ‫ ߩ ⺆ޔ‬᭴ ㅧ ߿ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ‫ޔ‬ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ߩ ᕈ ⾰ ߥ ߤ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ‫ޔ‬ ߎ ߎ 30ᐕ 㑆 ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ታ ᘒ ࠍ ၂ 㑆 ⷗ ࠃ ߁ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬. ੑ‫ޔ‬వⴕ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡ ᄖ᧪⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆㅢᤨ⊛ߥ⠨ኤࠍⴕߞߚవⴕ⎇ⓥߪߘࠇ߶ߤᄙߊߥ ޿ ‫ ⎇ ᧄޕ‬ⓥ ߣ 㑐 ࠊ ࠅ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ਥ ߥ ߽ ߩ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬㊁ ᧛㧔 1984㧕. 1. ‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ ᦨ ߩޢ‬ᓟ የ ߦ ઃ ㍳ ߣ ߒ ߡ ઃ ޿ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ‫ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ߢ ߪ ‫ ߦ ࡒ ࠦ ࠬ ࡑ ޟ‬಴ ࠆ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ࡮ ⇛ ⺆ ࡮ ✚ ⸃ ⺑ ‫ ߡ ߒ ߘ ޔ ߣ ޠ‬2009 ᐕ ߩ ႐ ว ‫ޔ‬ ‫ ࡮ ࠽ ࠞ ࠲ ࠞ ޟ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ㄉ ౖ 2009‫ޕ ࠆ ޿ ߡ ߞ ߥ ߣ ޠ‬.

(6) 134 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ߣ ጊ ᧄ 㧔 1995㧕 ߣ ᯅ ᧄ 㧔 2010㧕‫ ߡ ߒ ߘ ޔ‬ᨋ 㧔 2011㧕 ߇ ᜼ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ㊁ ᧛ 㧔 1984㧕 ߪ ‫ ⺞ ޔ‬ᩏ ⾗ ᢱ ߇ ᧄ ⎇ ⓥ ߣ ห ߓ ߊ ‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ ߇ ࠆ ޽ ߢ ޢ‬ኻ ⽎ ߇ 1960ᐕ ෸ ߮ 1980ᐕ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ߢ ⴫ ⊒ ᧄ ޔ‬ ข ࠅ ᛒ ߁ ߽ ߩ ߣ ߪ ᐕ ઍ ߇ ⧯ ᐓ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߚ ߹ ޕ‬㊁ ᧛ 㧔 1984㧕 ߪ ߔ ߴ ߡ ߩ⺆⒳ߣߘߩㅧ⺆ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ⺰ⓥߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߛߌߦ⛉ ࠅߘߩᄌൻࠍಽᨆ‫ޔ‬⠨ኤߔࠆᧄⓂߣߪ‫⺰ޔ‬ᣦߦ߅޿ߡ߽⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ጊ ᧄ㧔 1995㧕ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᣂ ⡞㧔 ᧲ ੩ ᦺ ᣣ ᣂ ⡞ ❗ ೚ ࡮ ᤘ ๺ 7ᐕ 㧕෸ ߮ ㄉ ᦠ 㧔‫ ޡ‬ㄉ ᨋ 44ᐕ ‫ ޡޢ‬ᐢ ㄉ ᨋ ‫ ޡޢ‬ᐢ ㄉ ᨋ ᣂ ⸓ ‫ޢ‬㧕 ߩ ਛ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ࠍ ข ࠅ ਄ ߍ‫ޔ‬᣿ᴦ࡮ᄢᱜ࡮ᤘ๺ೋᦼߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߩᗧ๧᭴ㅧࠍಽᨆߒߚ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ጊ ᧄ 㧔 1995㧕 ߩ ᛒ ߞ ߚ ⾗ ᢱ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߪ ᧄ Ⓜ ߩ ⾗ ᢱ ࠃ ࠅ 60 㨪 80ᐕ ߽ ೨ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬75㨪 100ᐕ ᓟ ߩ ⃻ ࿷ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߦ ޿ ߆ ߥ ࠆ ⇣ห߇޽ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ᡷ߼ߡ⺞ߴ⋥ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᯅ ᧄ 㧔 2010㧕 ߪ ‫ ޔ‬20਎ ♿ ߩ ␠ ⺑ ߣ Ṷ ⺑ ࠍ ↪ ޿ ߚ ⃻ ઍ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߩ㊂⊛ផ⒖ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⠨ኤߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ Ⴧടㆊ⒟߇‫ޔ‬ ‫ޔࠅߊߞࠁߪ߼ߓߪޟ‬ඨ߫ߪᕆỗߦ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢౣ߮✭߿߆ߦ Ⴧടߔࠆ‫ޠ‬ ߣ ޿ ߁ Sሼ ࠞ ࡯ ࡉ ࠍ ឬ ߊ ‫ ߣ ޔ‬ᜰ ៰ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 2 ‫ ޕ‬ᯅ ᧄ 㧔 2010㧕 ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ Ⴧ ട ㆊ ⒟ ࠍ ਥ ߦ ㊂ ⊛ ߦ ᝒ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ ޟ ߩ ߎ ޔ‬Sሼ ࠞ ࡯ ࡉ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ㊂⊛ផ⒖ߩⷰὐ߽ㅢᤨ⊛ߥᄖ᧪⺆ߩᄌൻࠍℂ⸃ ߔࠆߦߪᄢᄌෳ⠨ߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩᄌൻࠍ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߦ ⸃᣿ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᧄⓂߣߪⷞὐ⊛ߦ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘ ࠇ ߆ ࠄ ‫ޔ‬ᨋ㧔 2011㧕߽ ⃻ ઍ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ㅢ ᤨ ⊛ ߥ ታ ᘒ ⺞ ᩏ ࠍ ข ࠅ ਄ ߍ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬ਥ ߦ‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ޢ‬෸ ߮ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ㄉౖߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߩ෼㍳⁁ᴫߩ⇣หࠍᲧセߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ ߎ ߎ 30 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ᶖ 㐳 ታ ᘒ ߿ ⺆ ᒵ ߩ ᕈ ⾰ ߥ ߤ ߩ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ 3 ‫ ᧄ ޕ‬Ⓜ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ᨋ 㧔 2011㧕 ߢ ߩ ‫ ޔ‬30ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ᶖ 㐳 ታ 2 3. ᯅ ᧄ 㧔 2010㧕 ╙ 11 ┨ ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ޕ‬ ᨋ 㧔 2011㧕 ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ᯅ ᧄ 㧔 2010㧕 ߣ ห ߓ ߊ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ࠍ ㅢ ᤨ ⊛ ߦ ⺞ ᩏ ߒ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽.

(7) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 135. ᘒ ߥ ߤ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⠨ ኤ ⚿ ᨐ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃ ߚ ਄ ߦ ‫ ⺆ޔ‬᭴ ᚑ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ⃻ ઍ ᣣ ᧄ⺆ߩᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒࠍᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. ਃ‫ޔ‬⠨ኤߩᣇᴺ ߹ ߕ ‫ ⃻ ޡޔ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ޢ‬㧔 એ ਅ ‫ ⃻ ޡޔ‬ၮ ⍮ ‫ ߔ ⇛ ߣ ޢ‬㧕 ߩ 1979 ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬1988 ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬2009 ᐕ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ‫ ᦨ ޔ‬ᓟ ߩ ઃ ㍳ ‫ ޟ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᐕ 㐓 ‫ ߩޠ‬ਛ ߆ ࠄ ๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ 4 ࠍ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߡ ߒ ߘޕ‬෼ 㓸 ߒߚᄖ᧪⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ᛒߞߚ▸࿐ౝߦ㒢ߞߡߘߩೋ಴ߒߚᐕߦ ࠃ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬྾ ߟ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ࠣ ࡞ ࡯ ࡊ ߦ ಽ ߌ ߡ ߅ ߊ 5 ‫ޕ‬ᰴ ߦ ‫ޔ‬྾ ߟ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ಽ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ‫ ߩ ⺆ޔ‬᭴ ㅧ ߿ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ‫ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߘޔ‬ว ᚑ ⺆ 6 ‫⇛ޔ‬ ⺆ߘߒߡන⚐⺆ߣᄢ߹߆ߦਃ⒳㘃㧔ઁߦ․ᱶߥㅧ⺆ᴺߦࠃࠅߢ߈ߚ ․ᱶߥᄖ᧪⺆߽޽ࠆ㧕ߦಽߌߡಽᨆߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ ਄ㅀߒߚᣇᴺߦၮߠ߈‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪขࠅ޽߃ߕ‫ޔ‬෼㓸ߒߚ⺆଀ߩਛ ߩ ‫ ⺆ޔ‬㗡 ࠕ 㨪 ࠻ ߹ ߢ ߩ ๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ 7 ࠍ ข ࠅ ਄ ߍ ‫ޔ‬ᢙ ㊂ ⊛ ߥ ᄌ ൻ ‫ߒ ߘޔ‬ ߡ⺆ߩ᭴ㅧ߿ㅧ⺆ᴺߣ޿߁ੑߟߩ஥㕙߆ࠄ⺰ㅀߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬. 4. 5. 6. 7. ࠆ߇‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏᐕઍᦼ㑆߿↪޿ߚ⺞ᩏ⾗ᢱ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ಽᨆߩⷰὐߥߤߦ߅޿ߡߪ ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ Ⓜ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ߺ ࠍ ⠨ ኤ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ߣ ߒ ߚ ߚ ߼ ‫ ޔ‬એ ਅ ‫ ᧄ ޔ‬Ⓜ ߢ ޿ ߁‫ ޟ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆‫ߦ․ޔߪߣޠ‬ᢿࠄߥ޿㒢ࠅ‫ޟ‬๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆‫ޕߔߐࠍޠ‬ ೋ಴ߒߚᐕઍࠍၮḰߦߒߡಽߌߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫৻ޔ‬ᐲߪ಴ߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߩ ߦߪ ಴ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚࠅߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ೋ಴ߒߚᐕઍߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ߽ߩߣߒߡಣℂߔ ࠆ ‫ ߪ ޠ ࡈ ࠗ ࡜ ࡯ ࠞ ޟ ޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬1988 ᐕ ߦ ߒ ߆ ಴ ߡ ޿ ߥ ޿ ߇ ‫࠹ ࠚ ࡈ ࠞ ޟ ޔ‬ ࡜ ࠬ ‫ ߪ ޠ‬1988 ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ߘ ߩ ᓟ ߩ ਃ ߟ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ߩ ߦ ߽ ో ߡ ಴ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ᧄ ޕ‬Ⓜ ߢ ߪ ਔ ⠪ ࠍ ߣ ߽ ߦ ೋ ಴ ߒ ߚ 1988 ᐕ ߩ ࠣ ࡞ ࡯ ࡊ ߦ ౉ ࠇ ߡ ⠨ ኤ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߥ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߣ ᵷ ↢ ⺆ ࠍ ෩ ኒ ߦ ಽ ߌ ߥ ޿ ߩ ߪ ‫ޠ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޔ‬ ‫ޔ ߚ ߞ ޿ ߣޠ ࡁ ࠢ ࠹ ޟ‬ ᧄ᧪ᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩធㄉߣ޿ߞߚⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߻วᚑ⺆߽ᧄⓂߩᬌ⸛▸ኻ⽎ߦ฽߹ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߆ ࠄ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬྾ 㧔 ੑ 㧕 1‫ ߢ ޔ‬ㅀ ߴ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ ߪ ߤ ߥ ޠ ࡁ ࠢ ࠹ ޟޠ ࡟ ࠹ ޟ ޔ‬ ᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߢߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߥធㄉߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦߥߞߡ ߊࠆߣធㄉߣߔߴ߈߆ߤ߁߆߇໧㗴ߦߥߞߡߊࠆ‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘߪߢߎߎޕ‬ᒻ ᘒ⚛ߩᧄ⾰ࠍ⺰ߓࠆ↪ᗧߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ޽߃ߕߘࠇࠄ߽฽߼ߡ৻᜝ߒߡวᚑ ⺆ߣߒߡ⺰ߓࠆߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ᧪⺆㗡ࠕ߆ࠄᦨᓟ߹ߢߩ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ࠍ⺞ᩏߔߴ߈ߛߞߚ߇‫଀⺆ޔ‬ᢙ߇⤘ ᄢߢ޽ࠅ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆⊛ߥ೙㒢߽޽ࠆ᡿‫ޔ‬ขࠅ޽߃ߕ‫੹ޔ‬࿁⺆㗡ࠕ㨪࠻߹ߢߩ๺ ⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߛߌࠍᛒ߁ߎߣߦߒߚࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ⚿ᨐߪᏅߒ㓚ࠅߥ޿ߣᕁ ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(8) 136 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ྾‫ޔ‬ಽᨆ 㧔৻㧕ᢙ㊂⊛ߥᄌൻ߆ࠄ ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ᢙ㊂⊛ߥᄌൻߣ޿߁஥㕙߆ࠄ⷗ߡߺࠃ߁‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߪ‫ࠄ߆ࠕޔ‬ ࠻ ߹ ߢ ߩ 㖸 ߢ ᆎ ߹ ࠆ ๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ࠍ ⺞ ߴ ߚ ߇ ‫ ో ޔ‬ㇱ ߢ 669 ଀ ෼ 㓸 ߢ ߈ ߚ‫⺞ࠍࠇߘޕ‬ᩏᐕઍ೎ߦ␜ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ⴫৻ߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫৻ ⺞ᩏᐕઍ೎ߦࠃࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߩᢙ. ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ. ᐕ ᐕ ᐕ ᐕ ✚ᢙ . ⴫ ৻ 8 ߆ ࠄ ‫ ੹ ޔ‬࿁ ข ࠅ ਄ ߍ ߚ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ో 669 ଀ ߩ ߁ ߜ ‫ ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ߦ ಴ ⃻ ߒ ߚ ଀ ߪ 307 ଀ 㧔 46㧑㧕 ߽ ޽ ࠆ ߣ ࠊ ߆ ߞ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬හ ߜ ‫ ੹ ޔ‬࿁ 㓸 ߼ ߚ ‫ ⃻ ޡޔ‬ၮ ⍮ ‫ ߦ ޢ‬ឝ タ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ߎ ߎ ޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߪ ⚂ ඨ ಽ ㄭ ߊ ߇ 1979 ᐕ ೨ ߦ ᣢ ߦ ಴ ⃻ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߚ ߣ ޿ ߁ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᗧ ๧ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߘޕ‬ᓟ ߩ ‫ޔ‬ 1988 ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ‫ ޔ‬2009 ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ᜪ ߞ ߚ ⺆ ᢙ ߪ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ 118 ଀ 㧔 18%㧕‫ ޔ‬149 ଀ 㧔 22%㧕‫ ޔ‬95 ଀ 㧔 14%㧕 ߣ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬1988 ᐕ એ ᓟ ߩ ਃ ߟ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ߦ ೋ ಴ ߒ ߚ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᢙ ߪ ੕ ޿ ߦ ᄢ Ꮕ ߇ ߥ ߊ ‫ ޔ‬ᄢ ૕ ో ૕ ߩ 1.5 ഀ 㨪 2 ഀ ೨ ᓟ ߋ ࠄ ޿ ࠍ භ ߼ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᢙ ㊂ ⊛ ߥ ᄌ ൻ ߆ ࠄ ⷗ ࠇ ߫ ‫ ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ߪ 1988 ᐕ ࠃ ࠅ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߇ 4㧑 Ⴧ ߃ ߚ ߩ ߦ ኻ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬2009 ᐕ ߪ 1999 ࠃ ࠅ ㅒ ߦ 8㧑 ߽ ᷫ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޔ ࠅ ߹ ߟޕ‬1999 ᐕ ߪ 1988 ᐕ ߦ Ყ ߴ ࠆ ߣ‫ޔ‬ೋ಴ߒߚᄖ᧪⺆ߪჇ߃ߡ߈ߚ᭽⋧߇ᝒ߃ࠄࠇߚࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ ৻ ᣇ ‫ ޔ‬2009 ᐕ ߪ 1999 ᐕ ߣ Ყ セ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ޔ‬ㅒ ߦ ߘ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ೋ ಴ ߱ ࠅ ߇㊰ߊߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆᢙ㊂⊛ߥᄌൻߩ㆑޿߇⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ‫ ޔ ࠅ ߹ ߟ ޕ‬1988 ᐕ ߆ ࠄ 2009 ᐕ ߹ ߢ ߩ ‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ၮ ⍮ ‫ ߦ ޢ‬ᣂ ߚ ߦ ෼ ㍳ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᢙ ߦ ߪ ‫ޔ‬10 ᐕ ߏ ߣ ߦ Ⴧ ߃ ߚ ࠅ ᷫ ߞ ߚ ࠅ ߣ ޿ ߁ ⿠ ફ ޽ ࠆჇᷫ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂㅧߩᄖ᧪⺆߇Ⴧട৻ㄝୟ 8. ਃ‫ߢޔ‬ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪ੹࿁ᛒߞߚ྾ߟߩᐕߦೋ಴ߒߚ↪଀ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᐕ ઍ ࠍ ၮ Ḱ ߦ ಽ ߌ ߡ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬1979 ᐕ ಽ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߪ ‫ ࠅ ࠃ ࠇ ߘ ޔ‬೨ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ಽ ߪ ↪ ᗧ ߢ ߈ ߡ ޿ ߥ ޿ ߚ ߼ ‫ ޔ‬Ყ セ ߽ ߢ ߈ ߥ ޿ ‫ ޔ ߡ ߞ ߇ ߚ ߒ ޕ‬1979 ᐕ ಽ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ߦ ೋ ಴ ߒ ߚ ଀ ߆ ߤ ߁ ߆ ߇ ್ ᢿ ߢ ߈ ߥ ޿ ߚ ߼ ‫ ޔ‬1979 ᐕ એ ೨ ߦ ᣢߦ಴⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᗧ๧ว޿ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟߩਃߟߩᐕઍߦឝタߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆᢙሼߪᧄⓂߩ⺞ᩏ▸࿐ౝߢߩೋ಴ߒߚᢙࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(9) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 137. ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᝄ᏷޽ࠆᄌൻࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ௑ะߣߒߡᜰ៰ߢ߈ߘ ߁ ߢ ޽ ࠆ 9‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫⺆ޔ‬᭴ㅧߦࠃࠅಽ㘃ߒߚวᚑ⺆ߣ⇛⺆‫ߡߒߘޔ‬න⚐⺆ߩߘࠇ ߙࠇߩᢙߩౝ⸶ࠍೋ಴⺞ᩏᐕઍ೎ߦ⴫ੑߦ␜ߒߡ߅ߎ߁‫ߎޔ߅ߥޕ‬ ߩਃ⒳㘃એᄖߦ‫․ߦઁޔ‬ᱶߥㅧ⺆ᴺߦࠃࠅߢ߈ߚ․ᱶߥᄖ᧪⺆߽޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ।Բʳ ʳ ፿圸ጟᣊ圵坒坕ॣ‫נ‬ᓳ㬾‫ܑזڣ‬圸䀀. วᚑ⺆ ⇛⺆ න⚐⺆ ․ᱶ ✚ᢙ. ᐕ . ᐕ . ᐕ . ᐕ . ⺆ߩ⒳㘃೎ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆᢙ㊂⊛ߥᄌൻࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔߕ߹ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߩ႐ ว ‫ ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ߦ Ყ ߴ ࠆ ߣ 1988 ᐕ ߪ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ߇ ߆ ߃ ߞ ߡ Ⴧ ߃ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߒ ߆ ߒޕ‬2009 ᐕ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ߚ ߹ޔ‬േ ߈ ߇ ㅒ ォ ߒ ‫ޔ‬Ყ ₸ ߇ ዋ ‫ ޘ‬ᷫ ߞ ߡ ߊ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ⺆ ⇛ޕ‬႐ ว ߪ ‫ޔ‬ว ᚑ ⺆ ߣ ߪ ෻ ኻ ߦ ‫ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ࠃ ࠅ 1988 ᐕ ߇ 12㧑 Ⴧ ߃ ߚ ߩ ߦ ኻ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ߪ ᷫ ዋ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬2009 ᐕ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ‫߹ ޔ‬ ߚ ߭ ߞ ߊ ࠅ ㄰ ߞ ߡ 1999 ᐕ ࠃ ࠅ 5㧑 Ⴧ ߃ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߦ ࠆ ߔ ⷐޕ‬ᄢ ߹ ߆ ߦ ⸒ ߃ ߫ ‫ ߎ ߎޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ว ᚑ ⺆ ߣ ⇛ ⺆ ߪ ߜ ࠂ ߁ ߤ ⋧⵬ಽᏓ⊛ߥᢙ㊂ߩᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ ᣇ ‫ ޔ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ‫ ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ߣ 1988 ᐕ ߣ ߢ ߪ ഀ ว ߆ ࠄ ߒ ߡ ߐ ߶ ߤ Ꮕ ߇ ߥ ޿ ߽ ߩ ߩ ‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ‫ޔ‬1988 ᐕ ࠃ ࠅ ୚ ㄭ ߊ Ⴧ ട ߒ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߇ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߘޕ‬ᓟ ߩ 2009 ᐕ ߪ 1999 ᐕ ߣ ߹ ߚ ޽ ߹ ࠅ Ꮕ ߇ ߥ ߊ ‫ޔ‬ ৻ ቯ ߒ ߚ ഀ ว ࠍ ଻ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߫ ࠇ ߺ ߡ ߞ ⸒ޕ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ޽ ߚ ࠅ ߪ න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ Ⴧ ട ᦼ ߣ ߢ ߽ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠃ ߁ ߆ 10‫ޕ‬. 9. 10. 10 ᐕ ߏ ߣ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ‫ ৻ ޔ‬ᐕ ߏ ߣ ߩ ࠃ ࠅ ⹦ ߒ ޿ ಽ ᨆ ߇ ᔅ ⷐ ߆ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ߇ ‫ߎ ޔ‬ ߎߢߪߘߩ௑ะᕈߛߌࠍ⸒෸ߔࠆߦᱛ߹ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ․ ᱶ ߥ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߪ ྾ ߟ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ߣ ߽ 1㨪 3㧑 ߣ ߆ ߥ ࠅ ૐ ޿ ഀ ว ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ᡿ ‫ ⺰ ߪ ߢ ߎ ߎ ޔ‬ᄖ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߪ ߡ ޿ ߟ ߦ ଀ ⺆ ޕ‬྾ 㧔 ੑ 㧕 4‫ ࠍ ޔ‬ෳ ᾖ ߐ ࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬.

(10) 138 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. 㧔ੑ㧕ㅧ⺆ᴺ߆ࠄ ߎ ߩ ▵ ߢ ߪ ‫ ߎ ߎ ޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ታ ᘒ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ ߩ ⺆ ޔ‬᭴ ㅧ ߦ ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߣ⇛⺆‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆‫․ߡߒߘޔ‬ᱶߥᄖ᧪⺆ߣߦಽߌ‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆ ᴺߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺰ߓߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ‫ ޔ‬ว ᚑ ⺆ ㅧ⺆ᴺ߆ࠄಽᨆߔࠇ߫‫ߩߤޔ‬ᐕᐲߦ߅޿ߡ߽วᚑ⺆ߩᄖ᧪⺆߇ඨ ᢙએ਄ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏࠍㅢߒߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬๺ ⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬วᚑ‫ߥ࡯࡜ࡘࡇࡐ߽ᦨ߇ߩ߁޿ߣޠ‬ㅧ⺆ᴺߢ޽ ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩวᚑ⺆ߣหߓߊ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࡈ ࠝ ࡯ ࡝ ࡠ ࠞ ޟޠ ࡉ ࡜ ࡮ ࠬ ࠖ ࡈ ࠝ ޟޠ ࡯ ࡠ ࠜ ࡈ ࡮ ࡯ ࠲ ࡈ ࠕ ޟ‬ ‫ޠ ࡦ ࠙ ࠳ ࡮ ࠼ ࡯ ࡇ ࠬ ޟޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠽ ࠬ ࡮ ࡦ ࠗ ࠦ ޟޠ ࠢ ࡯ ࡑ ࠬ ࠠ ޟ‬ ‫̖ ̖ ޠ ࠗ ࡄ ࠬ ࡮ ࡞ ࡉ ࠳ ޟޠ ࡯ ࡜ ࠞ ࡓ ࡯ ࠴ ޟޠ ࠬ ࡦ ࠳ ࡮ ࠢ ࡯ ࠴ ޟ‬ ߩࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬ੑන૏ߩวᚑ߇৻⇟ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ วᚑ⺆ߩਛߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ޔߕ߹ޔ‬రᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ߩធㄉ⊛ ⷐ ⚛ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ߇ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᜼ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߪ ࠇ ߎޕ‬1979 ᐕ ߣ 1988 ᐕ ߦ ߪ ߹ ߛ ߘ ࠇ ߶ ߤ ᄙ ߊ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ߇ ‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ એ 㒠 ߪ ᄢ ಽ ⺆ ଀ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ᜪ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ‫ޔ ߦ ࠆ ߔ ⷐޕ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ 㗃 ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬రᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩធㄉ⊛ⷐ⚛ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆߇⋓ࠎߦߥߞߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇߚ‫ߡߒߣ଀ߩߘޕ‬ਅߦዋߒ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ‫ޔޠ ࡉ ࠗ ࡜ ࠼ ࠦ ࠛ ޟޠ ࠕ ࡇ ࠻ ࠦ ࠛ ޟޔ ࠆ ࠃ ߦ ޠ ࠦ ࠛ ޟ‬ ‫ޔޠ ࡦ ࡯ ࡠ ࠻ ࡯ ࠝ ޟޠ ࠕ ࠼ ࠻ ࡯ ࠝ ޟޔ ࠆ ࠃ ߦ ޠ ࠻ ࡯ ࠝ ޟ‬ ‫ޔޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠴ ࡁ ࡞ ࡐ ޟޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠴ ࠕ ࠖ ࠺ ࡔ ࠬ ࡑ ޟޔ ࠆ ࠃ ߦ ޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠴ ޟ‬ ‫ޔޠ ࡐ ࠕ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޠ ࡍ ࠝ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޠ ࡦ ࡖ ࠠ ࠬ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޔ ࠆ ࠃ ߦ ޠ ࡟ ࠹ ޟ‬ ‫̖ ̖ ޠ ࠼ ࡦ ࠙ ࠨ ࡁ ࠢ ࠹ ޟޠ ࠻ ࠶ ࠞ ࡁ ࠢ ࠹ ޟޔ ࠆ ࠃ ߦ ޠ ࡁ ࠢ ࠹ ޟ‬ ߎ ߎ ߦ ឭ ␜ ߒ ߚ ‫ ޔ ߪ ߤ ߥ ޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠴ ޟޠ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޠ ࠻ ࡯ ࠝ ޟ‬ర ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߢߪ⏕߆ߦធㄉ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦ୫↪ߐࠇࠆߣዋ‫ޘ‬ ⶄ㔀ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡធㄉ⊛ⷐ⚛߆⺆ၮ⊛ⷐ ⚛߆ߩ‫ߡߒߣࠄߜߤޔ‬ᛒ߁ߴ߈߆߇ᓸᅱߥ໧㗴ߦߥߞߡߊࠆ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ ߩ଀߆ࠄ⠨߃ࠆߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߣߒߡᛒߞߡ޿޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⷐߔࠆߦ‫ޔ‬రᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩធㄉ⊛ⷐ⚛߇ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ.

(11) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 139. ⺆ߩㅧ⺆ߦᄢ޿ߦነਈߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⷗ࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ࠆࠃߦ࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕޔ‬ㅧ⺆߇⃻ࠇࠆߩ߽߽߁߭ߣߟߩ․ᓽ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᜼ ߍ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߽ ࠇ ߎ ޕ‬1979 ᐕ ෸ ߮ 1988 ᐕ ߦ ߪ ޽ ߹ ࠅ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ㅧ ⺆ ⃻ ⽎ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ એ 㒠 ߪ ዋ ߒ ߕ ߟ Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ߊߣ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߡߒߣ଀ߩߘޕ‬ ‫ޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࡃ ࡯ ࠝ ޟ‬㧔 O-back㧕‫ޠ ࡯ ࠺ ࠬ ࠢ ࠶ ࠛ ޟޔ‬㧔 X day㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࡦ ࡠ ࠨ ࡞ ࠛ ޟ‬㧔 L salon㧕‫ޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࡃ ࡯ ࠝ ޟޔ‬㧔 O-back㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࡄ ࡞ ࡖ ࠫ ޟ‬㧔 JAL Pak㧕 ‫ ࡞ ࠕ ࠗ ࠳ ޟޔ‬Q²‫ޠ‬ ߥ ߤ ߇ ᜼ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߦ ࠆ ߔ ⷐޕ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ 㗃 ߆ ࠄ ‫ ࠄ ߥ ᧪ ᧄޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߣߒߡߪߚࠄߊߎߣߩߥ߆ߞߚࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻߽‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ⚛ ߣߒߡߪߚࠄߊㅧ⺆⃻⽎߇⷗ࠄࠇᆎ߼ߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ‫ ⺆ ⇛ ޔ‬ ⇛⺆ߪ‫ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߣන⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߦಽߌߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫⴫ޕ‬ੑߩਛ ߩ‫ࠍߌߛޠ⺆⇛ޟ‬ᛮ߈಴ߒ‫ߦᦝޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߣන⚐⺆೎ߦߘߩ⺆ᢙߣᲧ ₸ࠍᰴߩ⴫ਃߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⴫ਃ ⺞ᩏᐕઍ೎ߦࠃࠆ⇛⺆ߩౝ⸶. ᐕ ᐕ ᐕ ᐕ วᚑ⺆ߩ⇛⺆ න⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ ⇛⺆✚ᢙ ⴫ਃ߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫⺆ోޔ‬ᢙߩਛߢභ߼ࠆᲧ ₸ ߪ ྾ ߟ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ߩ ߁ ߜ 1988 ᐕ ߇ ৻ ⇟ 㜞 ޿ ‫ ߩ ߘޕ‬ᓟ ‫ ⺆ ߩ ߘޔ‬ᢙ ߩ Ყ ₸ ߇ዋߒߕߟᷫߞߡߊࠆߎߣ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߪ‫ోޔ‬ ⥸⊛ߦวᚑ⺆ߩ⇛⺆ࠃࠅዋߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫⺆ߩߘޔ‬ᢙߩᲧ₸ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ ว ᚑ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߩ ႐ ว ߣ ห ߓ ߊ 1988 ᐕ ߇ ৻ ⇟ 㜞 ޿ ‫ ޕ‬ૉ ߒ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ᓟ ߩ 1999 ᐕ ߢ ߪ න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߇ ᷫ ዋ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ‫߭ ߚ ߹ޔ‬ ߞ ߊ ࠅ ㄰ ߞ ߡ 6㧑 ߽ Ⴧ ߃ ߡ ߊ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬හ ߜ ‫ޔ‬80 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ 㗃 ߆ ࠄ 90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ㗃߹ߢߪ‫ߪ⺆⇛ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߦߒߡ߽න⚐⺆ߦߒߡ߽ో૕ߣߒߡᷫዋ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ௑ ะ ߇ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ߇ ‫ ৻ ޔ‬ᣇ ‫ ޔ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ߎ ߎ 10 ᐕ ߹ ߢ.

(12) 140 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ߪ‫ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߪዋߒߕߟᷫࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߪㅒߦჇ ߃ߡ߈ߚ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩ⇣ߥࠆ᭽⋧߇ᝒ߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߥ ߅ ‫ޔ‬ᓟ ⠪ ߩ න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߇ 2009 ᐕ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߡ 6㧑 ߽ Ⴧ ߃ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ 90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ⃻ ࿷ ߹ ߢ ߦ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ⇛ ⺆ ߩ Ⴧ ട ࠍ ᅤ ታ ߦ ␜ ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⇛⺆ᴺߦ㑐ߒߡ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦ⷗ࠄࠇߚวᚑ⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߩ⇛ߒᣇࠍ‫ޔ‬ ᨋ㧔 2004㧕ߦ ၮ ߠ ߈ ‫ ⺆ ߩ ⺆ ⇛ޔ‬ᒻ ᚑ ㆊ ⒟ ߩ ㆑ ޿ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ಽ 㘃 ߔ ࠆ ߣ ‫ޔ‬ ᰴߩ྾⒳ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ a ⋭ ⇛ ⺆ ၮ ߩ ⶄ ว ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⇛ ⺆ ଀ ‫ޠ ࠣ ࡦ ࡇ ࠶ ࡚ ࠪ ࡆ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޠ ࡐ ࡞ ࡜ ࡔ ࠞ ޟޔ‬ ʳ ʳ ‫ ޠ ࠫ ࠶ ࡋ ࡮ ࡟ ࡈ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޠ ࡯ ࡀ ࡑ ࡜ ࠣ ࡦ ࠕ ޟ‬1 1 ̖ ̖ b ⶄ ว ⺆ ߩ ⍴ ❗ 1 2 Ԙ ⶄว⺆⍴❗㧦ⶄว⺆ߩ᭴ᚑන૏ߩ৻ㇱ߇⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩ ଀ ‫ޠ ࡞ ࡖ ࠡ ࡟ ࠮ ޟޠ ࡜ ࡖ ࠠ ࡔ ࠗ ޟޠ ࡞ ࠼ ࠽ ࠕ ޟޠ ࡜ ࡂ ࠢ ࠮ ޟޔ‬ ʳ ʳ ‫̖ ̖ ޠ ࠦ ࡟ ࡦ ࠝ ޟޠ ࠻ ࠬ ࡦ ࠛ ޟޠ ࡦ ࡑ ࡄ ࠕ ޟ‬ ԙ ⶄ ว ⺆⺆ ⋭ ⇛㧦ⶄ ว ⺆ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ න ૏ ߩ ৻ ᣇ ߩ ⺆ ߇ ⋭ ⇛ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ߽ߩ ଀ ‫ޠ ࡦ ࠪ ࠺ ޟޠ ࠣ ࡦ ࡝ ࠕ ࠹ ࠬ ޟޠ ࠫ ࠶ ࡟ ࠞ ࡯ ࠲ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޔ‬ c. b Ԙ㧗b ԙ ଀ ‫̖ ̖ ޠ ࡞ ࡯ ࡕ ࠼ ࠗ ࠨ ޟޠ ࡟ ࡊ ࡦ ࠮ ޟޠ ࡦ ࠦ ࡜ ࠞ ޟޔ‬. ੹ ࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߪ ਄ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ‫ޔ‬bԘ [ⶄ ว ⺆ ⍴ ❗ ]ࠍ ో ㇱ ߢ 97 ଀ ෼ 㓸 ߒ ߚ ‫ ⚂ ߩ ⺆ ⇛ ో ߪ ࠇ ߎޕ‬7 ഀ ࠍ ߽ භ ߼ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ‫↢ ⇟ ৻ޔ‬ ↥⊛ߥㅧ⺆ᴺߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㨇 ⶄ ว ⺆ ⍴ ❗ 㨉ߣ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ⶄว⺆߇ߢ߈ߚᓟ‫ⶄߩߘޔ‬ว⺆ߩ᭴ᚑන૏ߩ৻ㇱ߇⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩ ࠍ ߐ ߔ ‫ࡔ ࠬ ࡜ ࡂ ࡮ ࡞ ࡖ ࠪ ࠢ ࠮ ޟޔ ߪ ߩ ߁ ޿ ߣ ޠ ࡜ ࡂ ࠢ ࠮ ޟޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬ ࡦ࠻‫ⶄ߁޿ߣޠ‬ว⺆߇వߦ૞ࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬೨ᓟߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ৻ ㇱ㧔‫ޠ ࠻ ࡦ ࡔ ࠬ ޟ ߩ ޠ ࠻ ࡦ ࡔ ࠬ ࡜ ࡂ ޟޔޠ ࡞ ࡖ ࠪ ޟ ߩ ޠ ࡞ ࡖ ࠪ ࠢ ࠮ ޟ‬㧕 11 12. ਅ✢߇ᒁ޿ߡ޽ࠆߩߪ⋭⇛⺆ၮߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ᨋ 㧔 2004㧕 ߦ ၮ ߠ ߊ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᒰ ⺰ ᢥ ߪ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߩ⇛⺆ࠍ⺰ߓߚߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪ⇛⺆ᴺࠍ⺰ߓࠆߦᒰߚࠅ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ᓥ ޿‫ⶄޟޔ‬ว⺆‫⺆⇛ߩޠ‬ᴺߣ⒓ߒߡ⺰ㅀߔࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(13) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 141. ߩ⋭⇛ߦࠃߞߡߢ߈ߚ⍴❗ᒻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘ ߒ ߡ ‫ ੹ޔ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߪ ‫ ⶄޔ‬ว ⺆ ⍴ ❗ ߩ ଀ ߣ ߒ ߡ‫ޠ ࡞ ࠼ ࠽ ࠕ ޟ‬ ‫ࠗޟ‬ ࡔ ࠠ ࡖ ࡜ ‫ߣ ޠ ࠗ ࠲ ࡄ ࡖ ࠫ ޟޠ ࠦ ࡟ ࡦ ࠝ ޟޠ ࠦ ࠬ ࡀ ࠪ ޟޠ ࡞ ࡖ ࠡ ࡟ ࠮ ޟޠ‬ ޿ߞߚ 4 㖸▵⺆߇ᦨ߽ᄙᢙᜪࠊࠇߚ‫⺆ޕ‬ᒻߩ⋭⇛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖጊ ṑᲧฎ᳁ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޟ‬྾ᜉ࡞࡯࡞‫ߦ⺆⇛߁޿ߣޠ‬㑐ߔࠆⷰὐ߇᜼ߍࠄ ࠇ ߚ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ߺ ߥ ࠄ ߕ ‫ ⧯ ޔ‬⠪ ߚ ߜ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߽ ‫ޠ ࡦ ࠚ ࠴ ࠤ ࠬ ޟ‬㧔‫ࠬ ޟ‬ ࠤ ࠫ ࡘ ࡯ ࡞ ࡮ ࠴ ࠚ ࡦ ࠫ ‫ޠ‬㧕 ߿ ‫ޠ ࡦ ࡉ ࡔ ࠕ ޟ‬㧔‫ ࠞ ࡝ ࡔ ࠕ ޟ‬ᢥ ቇ ‫ޠ‬㧕 ߥ ߤ ߣ ᄙᢙ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬྾ᜉߩߎߣ߫ߪ⸒޿߿ߔߊ‫⺆ޔ‬ᒻߣߒߡ߽቟ቯߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠈ ߁ 13‫ ੹ ޕ‬࿁ ߩ ㅢ ᤨ ⊛ ߥ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ታ ᘒ ⺞ ᩏ ࠍㅢߒߡ߽‫ ߩߎޔ‬4 㖸▵⺆߇ౖဳ⊛ߥ⇛⺆ߩㅧ⺆ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߢ޽ࠆߣ ౣ⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ b Ԙ [ⶄ ว ⺆ ⍴ ❗ ]ߦ ᰴ ޿ ߢ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ࠍ ߽ ߟ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߪ a ߩ [⋭ ⇛ ⺆ ၮ ߩ ⶄ ว ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⇛ ⺆ ]ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ⺆ ⇛ ⋭ޔ ߪ ࠇ ߎޔ‬ၮ ߇ ઁ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⶄ ว ߒ ߡ ߢ ߈ ߚ ⇛ ⺆ ࠍ ߐ ߔ ‫ޠ ࡘ ࠫ ࡯ ࠲ ࡞ ࡐ ࡞ ޟޔ ߪ ߣ ޠ ࡐ ࡞ ࡜ ࡔ ࠞ ޟޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬ ߆ࠄ⇛ߒߚ‫⺆⇛⋭߁޿ߣޠࡐ࡞ޟ‬ၮ߇‫߮⚿ߦޠ࡜ࡔࠞޟ‬ઃ޿ߚⶄว ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ੹ޕ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߪ ‫ ࠍ ⺆ ⇛ ߩ ࡊ ࠗ ࠲ ߩ ߎޔ‬28 ଀ ᜪ ߃ ߚ ߇ ‫ ߩ ⺆ ⇛ ో ޔ‬ਛ ߢ ⚂ 1/5 ࠍ භ ߼ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ ↥ ↢ ߩ ࠅ ߥ ࠇ ߘ ޔ‬ᕈ ࠍ ߽ ߞ ߡ ޿ࠆߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޔߦ߆߶ޕ‬ ‫ޠ ࡕ ࠺ ࡮ ࠣ ࠩ ࠣ ࠫ ޟޠ ࠅ ߣ ࡐ ࠕ ޟޠ ࠣ ࡦ ࡇ ࠶ ࡚ ࠪ ࡆ ࡟ ࠹ ޟ‬ ‫ ࡃ ࠥ ޟޠ ࡐ ࡞ ࡜ ࡔ ࠞ ޟޠ ࡯ ࡀ ࡑ ࡜ ࠣ ࡦ ࠕ ޟ‬ሶ ‫ ࡑ ࠻ ࡯ ࠝ ޟޠ‬ゞ ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޠ ࠫ ࠶ ࡋ ࡮ ࡟ ࡈ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࡖ ࠫ ࡟ ࠗ ࠻ ޟ‬ ߥߤ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ੑ ⒳ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ኻ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬b ԙ [ⶄ ว ⺆⺆ ⋭ ⇛ ]෸ ߮ c ߩ [㨎 Ԙ 㧗 b ԙ ]ߪ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ߇ ૐ ޿ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ߹ ߕ ‫ޔ‬b ԙ [ⶄ ว ⺆⺆ ⋭ ⇛ ]ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ޔ‬ ‫ޠࠫ࠶࡟ࠞ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޟ‬ ߣ޿߁ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ర‫޿ߣޠࡓ࡯ࠥ࡮ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޟޘ‬ ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᓟ㗄ⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߩ‫߇ޠࡓ࡯ࠥޟ‬ਣߏߣ⋭⇛ߐࠇߚ ߎߣߦࠃߞߡߢ߈ߚ⇛⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪߎߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⇛⺆ ߪోὼ↢↥⊛ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬௖߆೨ߦ᜼ߍߚ 3 ଀ߒ߆ᜪ߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒޕ‬ 13. ᄖ ጊ ᳁ ߩ ‫ ޟ‬྾ ᜉ ࡞ ࡯ ࡞ ‫ ߪ ޠ‬㊁ ⷺ 㧔 1998㧕 ߩ 109㨪 111 㗁 ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ޕ‬.

(14) 142 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ߆ ߽ ‫ޔ ߩ ߎޔ‬b ԙ [ⶄ ว ⺆⺆ ⋭ ⇛ ]ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ਃ ߟ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߪ ฎ ޿ ᐕ ઍ㧔 1979 ᐕ ߣ 1988 ᐕ 㧕ߩ ଀ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ෸ ߮ 2009 ᐕ ߦ ߪ ߎ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ࠆㅧ⺆ߪోὼ⷗ᒰߚࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ฎߊߡᑄࠇߚ⇛⺆ᴺߛߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߘ ࠇ ߆ ࠄ ‫ ޔ‬b Ԙ ߣ b ԙ ࠍ ว ࠊ ߖ ߚ ‫ ޔ‬c[b Ԙ 㧗 b ԙ ]ߣ ޿ ߁ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ‫ ⺑ ߦ ଀ ࠍ ޠ ࡦ ࠦ ࡜ ࠞ ޟޔ‬᣿ ߔ ࠆ ‫࡮ ࡯ ࡜ ࠞ ޟ ߪ ߣ ޠ ࡦ ࠦ ࡜ ࠞ ޟޕ‬ ࠦࡦ࠲ࠢ࠻࡟ࡦ࠭‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ੑᰴ⚿วߩⶄว⺆ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬೨㗄ⷐ ⚛ߩ㐳㖸╓‫ޔ‬හߜ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ৻ㇱ߇⋭⇛ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᓟ㗄ⷐ ⚛ߣߒߡߩⶄว⺆‫ߩߘ߽ޠ࠭ࡦ࡟࠻ࠢ࠲ࡦࠦޟ‬ᓟ㗄ⷐ⚛‫ޠ࠭ࡦ࡟ޟ‬ ߇ਣߏߣ⣕⪭ߒߚ਄ߦ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ⷐ⚛‫ߩޠ࠻ࠢ࠲ࡦࠦޟ‬ᓟㇱಽߩ‫ࠢ࠲ޟ‬ ࠻‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߩ߽ߚࠇߐ⇛⋭ߦࠄߐ߇ޠ‬හߜ‫޿ߣޠࡦࠦ࡜ࠞޟߩߎޔ‬ ߁ ⇛ ⺆ ߪ ‫ ⶄޔ‬ว ⺆ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ න ૏ ߩ ৻ ᣇ ߩ ⺆㧔‫ޠ ࠭ ࡦ ࡟ ޟ‬㧕߇ ⣕ ⪭ ߒ ߚ ਄ ‫ޔ‬ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ න ૏ ߩ ৻ ㇱ㧔‫ ߩޠ ࡯ ࡜ ࠞ ޟ‬㐳㖸 ╓ ߣ‫࠲ ޟߩޠ ࠻ ࠢ ࠲ ࡦ ࠦ ޟ‬ ࠢ ࠻ ‫ޠ‬㧕߽ ⋭ ⇛ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ‫ ⶄ ߿ ߿ ߣޔ‬㔀 ߥ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫߆ ߶ޕ‬ ߦ ‫ ߽ ޠ ࡍ ࡇ ࠦ ޟޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠹ ޟޠ ࠾ ࡆ ࡦ ࠦ ޟޠ ࡦ ࠦ ࡜ ࠮ ޟޠ ࠠ ࡟ ࠛ ޟ‬ห ߓ ࠃ ߁ߥㅧ⺆ᴺߦࠃࠆ⇛⺆ߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪߎߩ࠲ࠗࡊ ߩ⇛⺆ߪో⇛⺆ߩਛߢߚߛ 1 ഀㄭߊߒ߆⷗ઃ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ‫ⶄޔ‬ว⺆߆ࠄߩ⋭⇛ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆߇ᦝߦ⍴❗ߒߚ⇛ ⺆ ߽ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ߁ ޿ ߣ ޠ ࡯ ࠾ ࡄ ࡦ ࠦ ޟޔ ߪ ߩ ߁ ޿ ߣ ޠ ࡄ ࡦ ࠦ ޟޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ߆ ࠄ ᓟ ㇱ ಽ 㧔‫ޠ ࡯ ࠾ ޟ‬㧕 ߇ ⇛ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ੹ ޔ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߪ න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߪ ో ㇱ ߢ 46 ଀ ᜪ ߃ ߚ ‫ ߜ ߁ ߩ ߘ ޕ‬42 ଀ ߪ ‫ޠ ࡄ ࡦ ࠦ ޟޔ‬ 㧔 ‫ޠ ࡯ ࠾ ࡄ ࡦ ࠦ ޟ‬㧕ߩ ᅤ ߊ ‫ޔ‬න ⺆ ߩ ᓟ ㇱ ߇ ⋭ ⇛ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ⺆ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ߘޔ‬ ߩᲧ₸ߪ 9 ഀએ਄߽භ߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬න⺆ߩᓟㇱ⋭⇛߇න⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ ߩㅧ⺆⊛ߥ․ᓽߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬೨ㇱ߿ਛᄩㇱߩ⋭⇛ࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬න ⺆ߩᓟㇱߩ⋭⇛߇రߩන⚐⺆ේᒻࠍᓳరߔࠆല₸ᕈ߇㜞޿߆ࠄߢ޽ ࠈ߁‫⺆ޕ‬ᒻߩ㐳ߐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽ 4 㖸▵⺆ߣߪ㒢ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬3 㖸▵⺆ ߽ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ޿ ‫ߥ ޠ ࡠ ࠹ ޟޠ ࡞ ࡯ ࡘ ࠪ ޟޠ ࡝ ࠹ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޠ ࠻ ࠫ ࠕ ޟޔ ߦ ઁ ޕ‬ ߤ߽᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ න⺆ߩᓟㇱ⋭⇛એᄖߦ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ࡟ࠞࡦࠗޟ‬ 㧔 ‫ޠ ࠫ ࠶ ࡟ ࠞ ࡯ ࠲ ࡦ ࠗ ޟ‬㧕 ‫࠻ޟ‬ ࡜ ࡐ ࡦ ‫ޠ‬㧔 ‫ޠ ࡯ ࠳ ࡦ ࡐ ࠬ ࡦ ࡜ ࠻ ޟ‬㧕 ‫ޠ ࡜ ࡊ ࡦ ࠛ ޟ‬㧔 Enterprise㧕 ߩ ࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬න⺆ߩਛᄩㇱߣߣ߽ߦᓟㇱ߇⇛ߐࠇߚࠤ࡯߽ࠬ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬.

(15) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 143. ೨ㅀߒߚන⺆ߩᓟㇱ⋭⇛ߦࠃࠆ⇛⺆ߣᲧߴࠆߣ‫ⶄ߿߿ߩߎޔ‬㔀ߥ⇛ ߒᣇߦࠃࠆන⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ߪ‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆ේᒻᓳరߩല₸ᕈ߇߿߿⪭ߜࠆ ߚ߼߆‫ ߇ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬4 㖸▵⺆ߦ⇛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺆ߪࠇߘޕ‬ᒻߣߒߡߩ ቟ቯߐ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐߛߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ ޔ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ਅߩ⴫྾߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆ߇ᅤߊ‫ޔ‬๺⵾ߩන⚐ᄖ᧪⺆ߪ‫ޔ‬೨ㅀߒߚන⚐ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ 1 4 ߽ ฽ ߼ ߡ ‫ ߎ ߎޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ Ყ ₸ ߇ ዋ ߒ ߕ ߟ Ⴧ ട ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ௑ ะ ߇ ᝒ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ 15‫ޕ‬. ⴫྾ ⺞ᩏᐕઍ೎ߦࠃࠆන⚐⺆ߩౝ⸶. ᐕ. ᐕ. ᐕ. ᐕ. න⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ න⚐⺆ න⚐⺆㧗න⚐⺆ߩ⇛⺆ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆ᴺ߆ࠄᬌ⸛ߒࠃ߁‫ޕ‬. ੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢ෼㓸ߒߚන⚐⺆ߦߟ޿ߡߘߩㅧ⺆ᴺࠍಽᨆߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ d. න⚐⺆ߘߩ߽ߩߩㅧ⺆. e ‫ޟ‬㧙ࠆ‫ߩޠ‬ઃട f. ᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩធㄉߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆. g. ᷙᶳ. ߣ‫ޔ‬྾ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ྾ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ਛ ߢ ‫ ޔ‬d [න ⚐ ⺆ ߘ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ] ߇ ᦨ ߽ ᄙ ޿ ‫߃ ଀ ޕ‬ ߫‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࡯ ࡝ ࡌ ࠻ ࡑ ࠻ ޟޠ ࡊ ࠶ ࡠ ࠼ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޠ ࡄ ࡦ ࠼ ࠼ ޟ‬. 14. 15. න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬1979 ᐕ ߆ ࠄ 2009 ᐕ ߹ ߢ ⿠ ફ ߔ ࠆ ᭽ ⋧ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߩ ‫ ޔ‬1999 ᐕ ߆ ࠄ 2009 ᐕ ߹ ߢ ߪ 6㧑 ߣ ᄢ ᏷ ߦ Ⴧ ߃ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ߒ ߡ ‫ ో ޔ‬૕ ⊛ߦߪჇടߒߡ߈ߚߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ྾ ߩ㧔 ੑ 㧕ߩ 2.ߢ ‫ ޔ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ⃻ ࿷ ߦ ⥋ ߞ ߡ න ⚐ ⺆ ߩ ⇛ ⺆ ߩ ⪺ ߒ ޿ Ⴧ ട ߱ࠅ߇ᄖ᧪⺆⇛⺆ࠍჇ߿ߒߚ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߣ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫⺆⇛ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ ߩ ߺ ߥ ࠄ ߕ ‫ ⴫ ߩ ߎ ޔ‬྾ ߢ ␜ ߒ ߡ ޽ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ‫ ޔ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ⃻ ࿷ ߹ ߢ ߩ ᄖ ᧪⺆ߩන⚐⺆ߩჇടߦ߽ᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(16) 144 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ‫ޠ ࡯ ࠪ ࠲ ࠬ ࡁ ࠢ ࠹ ޟޠ ࡦ ࡎ ࠴ ࠶ ࡖ ࠠ ޟޠ ࠼ ࡦ ࡜ ࠗ ࠞ ࠬ ޟ‬ ‫ޠ ࠴ ࠶ ࠛ ޟޠ ࠣ ࡦ ࡝ ࡯ ࡠ ࠞ ޟޠ ࡦ ࡑ ࠢ ࠶ ࡜ ࠻ ޟ‬ ߥ ߤ ߇ ᜼ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫[ ߩ ࠄ ࠇ ߎޕ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ߘ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ]ߩ ଀ ߩ ਛ ߢ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ ଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ࡯࡝ࡌ࠻ࡑ࠻ޟ‬ 㧔 tomato㧗 berry㧕 ‫ޠ࠼ࡦ࡜ࠗࠞࠬޟ‬ 㧔 sky㧗 land㧕 ‫ޠ ࡦ ࡎ ࠴ ࠶ ࡖ ࠠ ޟ‬㧔 catch㧗 phone㧕‫ޠ ࠴ ࠶ ࠛ ޟޔ‬㧔 Hhentai ᄌ ᘒ 㧕 ߥ ߤ ߩࠃ߁ߥ଀߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬෩ኒ⊛ߦߘߩㅧ⺆ᴺࠍಽᨆߒߡ ߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߩ‫ⶄޟ‬ว‫ࠆࠃߦ࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕߪߚ߹ޠ‬ㅧ ⺆ߥߤߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߣࠆߔࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ࡞ ߢߪන⚐⺆ߣᛒ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ ⺆᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡߪߎࠇࠄߩ⺆଀ߪᒻᘒ⚛ಽᨆߦਇㆡಾ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ ߪਇน⢻ߥߚ߼‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆ߘߩ߽ߩߩㅧ⺆ߣᛒߞߚ߶߁߇ᅷᒰߛߣᕁ ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᰴ ߦ ‫ ޔ‬e [‫ ޟ‬㧙 ࠆ ‫ ߩ ޠ‬ઃ ട ]ߣ ޿ ߁ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ ੹ ޔ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߪ ‫ ޔ ߚ ߞ ޿ ߣ ޠ ࠆ ࡉ ࡜ ࠻ ޟޠ ࠆ ࡠ ࠯ ޟޠ ࠆ ࠼ ࠨ ޟ‬๺ ⺆ േ ⹖ ߩ ᵴ ↪ ⺆ የ ‫ ޟ‬㧙 ࠆ ‫ ࠍ ޠ‬ઃ ߌ ࠆ േ ⹖ ൻ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ࠍ 11 ଀ ᜪ ߞ ߚ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᱴ ߤ 1979 ᐕ એ ೨ߦߢ߈ߚ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޔ߫ࠇߺߡߞ⸒ޕ‬๺⺆േ⹖ߩ⺆የ‫ޟ‬㧙ࠆ‫ޠ‬ ߩ ઃ ട ߦ ࠃ ࠆ േ ⹖ ൻ ߪ ߿ ߿ ฎ ޿ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬80 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ߪ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ࠍ ᜬ ߚ ߥ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ߈ ߚ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ৻ ޕ‬ᣇ ‫࠶ ࡒ ޟޠ ࠆ ߔ ࡉ ࠗ ࡜ ࠼ ޟޔ‬ ࠢ ࠬ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ଀ ߚ ߞ ޿ ߣ ޠ ࠆ ߔ ࠻ ࠶ ࠛ ࠗ ࠳ ޟޠ‬ᅤ ߊ ‫ ߩ ޠ ࠆ ߔ ޟޔ‬ઃ ട ‫ޔ‬ හߜࠨᄌേ⹖ൻ߇ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ৻⥸⊛ߥേ⹖ൻᠲ૞ߦߥߞߚߣ⷗ฃߌࠄ ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߶ ߆ ߦ ‫ ޔ‬f ߩ [ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߩ ធ ㄉ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ]‫ ޟޔ‬-er‫ ޟޠ‬-ist‫ ޟޠ‬-ing‫ߥ ޠ‬ ߤߦࠃࠆන⚐⺆ߩㅧ⺆߽᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࡯ ࡜ ࡀ ࡖ ࠪ ޟ‬㧔 Chaneler㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࡯ ࡜ ࠻ ࡔ ࠦ ࠗ ࠨ ޟ‬㧔 psychometrer㧕‫ޠ ࡯ ࡑ ࡯ ࠥ ޟޔ‬㧔 gamer㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࠻ ࠬ ࠾ ࡯ ࠫ ޟ‬㧔 jeanist㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ ࠣ ࡦ ࡝ ࡯ ࡠ ࠞ ޟ‬㧔 curolling㧕 ‫ޠ ࡯ ࠪ ࠶ ࠕ ޟ‬㧔 ⿷ 㧗 -ie㧕 ߥߤߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩធㄉߪ߹ߛᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߣ ߒߡߩ⾗ᩰߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߕ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡߪᒻᘒ⚛.

(17) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 145. ಽ ᨆ ߇ ਇ น ⢻ ߥ ᡿ ‫ ޔ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᛒ ߁ ߩ ߇ ᅷ ᒰ ߛ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ 16‫ޕ‬ ߘ ࠇ ߆ ࠄ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߩ ✄ ࠅ ߆ ࠄ ߩ g [ᷙ ᶳ ]ߣ ޿ ߁ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଀ ߽ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ޕ‬ ‫ޠࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶࡟ࡈࡦࠗޟ‬ 㧔 inflation+recession㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ࠢޟ‬ ࡠ࡝࠹ࠖ࡯‫ޠ‬ 㧔 quoit㧗 sporty㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠࡦࡑࠬ࡝ࠞޟ‬ 㧔 charisma㧗 man㧕 ‫ޔ‬ ‫࠹ޟ‬ ࠢࡁࠬ࠲ࠪ࡯‫ޠ‬ 㧔 technostasy㧕ߥ ߤ ߇ ᜼ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߪ ଀ ߩ ࠄ ࠇ ߎޕ‬ᄖ ࿖ේ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ✄ࠅ߆ࠄߩᷙᶳ㧔ᷙ↪㧕ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᄖ࿖ේ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪᗧ⼂⊛ߦ‫ޟ‬ᷙᶳ⺆‫ߢࠆࠇߐߣߛޠ‬ ޽ࠈ߁߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪᒻᘒ⚛ಽᨆ߇ਇน⢻ߥߚ߼‫ޔ‬ න ⚐ ⺆ ᛒ ޿ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߛ ߣ ᕁ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ 1 7 ‫ޔ ߪ ࠄ ࠇ ߎޔ ߅ ߥޕ‬೨ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ‫ࠕ ޟޔ‬ ࠽࠼࡞‫ޠ‬ 㧔 ࠕ ࠽ ࠙ ࡦ ࠨ ࡯ 㧗 ࠕ ࠗ ࠼ ࡞ 㧕ߥ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ‫ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ࡟ ࡌ ࡞ ߢ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ ⷐ ⚛ ߤ ߁ ߒ ߩ ⶄ ว ߆ ࠄ ❗ ⚂ ߒ ߚ ‫ ޔ‬b ߩ Ԙ [ⶄ ว ⺆ ⍴ ❗ ]ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߣ ߪ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ਄ㅀߒߚㅢࠅ‫ޔ‬e ߩᣣᧄ⺆࿕᦭ߩ‫ޟ‬㧙ࠆ‫⺆ޠ‬የߩㅧ⺆ᴺߩ⴮ㅌ‫ޔ‬ ߘ ߒ ߡ ‫ ޔ‬d‫ ޔ‬f‫ ޔ‬g ߩ ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ߩ ᠲ ૞ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ߩ ㅴ ಴ ߣ ޿ ߞ ߚ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ߒ ߡ ‫ ߎ ߎޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߩ න ⚐ ⺆ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ᧄ᧪ߩᒻᘒ⚛߆ࠄߪߺ಴ߒߚᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߪ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬ ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߣߒߡߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡዋߒߕߟㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻߇௛߈ᆎ߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫⃻߁޿ߣޔ‬ ⽎߇⷗ฃߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ ․ ޔ‬ᱶ ߥ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ એ਄ㅀߴߚ‫ޔ‬⒳‫ߥޘ‬ㅧ⺆ᴺߦࠃࠆಽ㘃ߦ౉ࠄߥ޿․ᱶߥ଀߽⷗ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬௖ ߆ 13 ଀ ߒ ߆ ߥ ߊ ‫ ోޔ‬૕ ߩ 2㧑 ߦ ㆊ ߉ ߥ ޿ ‫ޕ‬એ ਅ ‫․ ߩ ߘޔ‬ ᱶߥㅧ⺆ᴺࠍ◲නߦ⸥ㅀߔࠆߦᱛ߹ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ ߕ ‫ ߁ ޿ ߣ ޠ ࠅ ߓ ߽ ޟޔ‬ᣇ ᴺ ߢ ૞ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ଀ ‫ޠ ࠬ ࡟ ࡠ ࠻ ޟޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޔ‬ 16. 17. ‫ ޟ‬-er‫ ߩ ߤ ߥ ޠ‬ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߩ ធ ㄉ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬೨ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ‫ ޟ‬1㧚 ว ᚑ ⺆ ‫ ߦ ޠ‬಴ ߡ ޿ ߚ‫ ߩ ߤ ߥޠ ࠴ ࡞ ࡑ ޟ‬ㅧ ⺆ ߣ ߪ ㆑ ߁ ‫ ߦ ߎ ߎ ޕ‬ㅀ ߴ ߡ ޽ ࠆ ㅢ ࠅ ‫ ޟޔ‬-er‫ߦ ߤ ߥޠ‬ ࠃ ࠅ ㅧ ࠅ ਄ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ⺆ ‫ ޔ ߪ ߤ ߥޠ ࡯ ࡜ ࡀ ࡖ ࠪ ޟ߫ ߃ ଀ ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߈ ߕ ‫ ޔ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ߣ ᛒ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ߩ ߦ ኻ ߒ ‫ ޔ ߩ ߤ ߥޠ ࠴ ࡞ ࡑ ޟޔ‬ర ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߩ ធ ㄉ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ߥ ߇ ࠄ ‫ ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᣢ ߦ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ߩ ⾗ ᩰ ࠍ ߽ ߟ ᡿ ‫࡟ ࠲ ࠴ ࡞ ࡑ ޟޔ‬ ࡦ࠻‫ⶄޔߦ߁ࠃߩߤߥޠ‬ว⺆ߣᛒࠊࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ f ߩ [ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߩ ធ ㄉ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ]ߣ ᄖ ࿖ ේ ⺆ ߩ ✄ ࠅ ߆ ࠄ ߩ g [ᷙ ᶳ ]ߣ ޿ ߁ ੑ ߟ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߪ ߘ ࠇ ߶ ߤ ↢ ↥ ⊛ ߢ ߪ ߥ ޿ ߣ ߪ ⸒ ߃ ‫ ޔ‬ᑄ ࠇ ߚ‫ ޟ‬㧙 ࠆ ‫ ߩޠ‬ઃ ട ᴺ ߣ ㆑ ߞߡ↢߈ߚㅧ⺆ᴺߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(18) 146 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ߪ ‫ࡦ ࠠ ࠴ ޟޔ ࠄ ߆ ޠ ࠛ ࡝ ࡓ ࠰ ޟ ߪ ޠ ࠛ ࡝ ࡓ ࡖ ࠴ ޟޔ ࠄ ߆ ޠ ࠬ ࡟ ࡠ ࡊ ޟ‬ ࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ߣߛࠅߓ߽ߩࠄ߆ޠࡊ࠶ࠪࡦࠠࠬޟߪޠ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ઁ ߦ ‫ ޟޔ‬ㅒ ߎ ߣ ߫ ‫ ߁ ޿ ߣ ޠ‬ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଀ ߽ ޽ ࠆ ‫ࠨ ࡜ ࠣ ޟޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬ ࡦ ‫ ࠍޠ ࠬ ࡜ ࠣ ࡦ ࠨ ޟߪ ߣޠ‬ㅒ ߐ ߎ ߣ ߫ ߦ ߒ ߚ ଶ ⺆ ߢ ‫ޔ‬ ‫ࡕ ޟ߽ޠ ࡕ ࡦ ࠳ ޟ‬ ࠳ࡦ‫ߩޠ‬ㅒߐߎߣ߫ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄ㅀߒߚ‫ޟ߽ޠࠅߓ߽ޟ‬ㅒߐߎߣ߫‫৻ޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޔ߽ޠ‬⒳ߩߎߣ߫ ㆆ߮ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆ߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫ޔ‬㗡ᢥሼߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ ‫ޠ ࡑ ࠼ ࠗ ࠕ ޟ‬㧔 AIDMA 㧕‫ޠ ࡯ ࠝ ࡯ ࡇ ࡯ ࠖ ࠹ ޟޔ‬㧔 TPO 㧕‫ޠ ࠳ ࡯ ࡘ ࠺ ޟޔ‬ 㧔 DODA㧕‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ࡞࠹ࠬࠛޟ‬ 㧔 S(tation)+(ho)tel㧕ߥ ߤ ߇ ߘ ࠇ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ᦨޕ‬ㄭ ‫ޔ‬ ߎߩ㗡ᢥሼߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆߽฽߼ߡ‫࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕޔ‬ ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆ߪᣣᧄ⺆ߩㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡዋߒߕߟჇ߃ߡ޿ߊ௑ะ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ 18‫ޕ‬. ੖‫ߦࠅࠊ߅ޔ‬ એ ਄ ‫ ⃻ ޡޔ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ ⺞ ࠍ ޢ‬ᩏ ⾗ ᢱ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ ߎ ߎ ޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩታᘒߦ㑐ߒߡ‫⺆ޔ‬᭴ᚑ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄㅢᤨ⊛ߥಽᨆࠍⴕ ߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߣࠆ߼ߣ߹ࠍࠇߘޕ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ‫⺆ޔ‬᭴ㅧ೎ߦᢙ㊂⊛ߥᄌൻࠍ⷗ࠇ߫‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߩታ⸽⊛ߥ⠨ኤࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ‫ ߎ ߎޔ‬30 ᐕ 㑆 ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ‫ޔ‬1988 ᐕ ࠃ ࠅ 1999 ᐕ ߪ ว ᚑ ⺆ ߽ න ⚐ ⺆ ߽ ߣ ߽ ߦ Ⴧ ߃ ߚ ߇ ‫ ৻ ޔ‬ᣇ ‫ ޔ‬90 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ߎ ߎ 10 ᐕ ߢ ߪ ว ᚑ ⺆ߪዋߒᷫዋߒߡ߈ߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬න⚐⺆ߪᷫࠄߕߦ৻ቯߒߚᲧ₸ࠍ ଻ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ߪ ߁ ߶ ߩ ⺆ ⇛ ޔ ߚ ߹ ޕ‬1988 ᐕ ࠃ ࠅ 1999 ᐕ ߇ ᷫ ዋ ߒ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߩ ‫ ߩ ߘޔ‬ᓟ ߩ ߎ ߎ 10 ᐕ ߪ ㅒ ߦ Ⴧ ട ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ‫ ߩ ߎޕ‬ੑ ߟ ߩ ᢙ ㊂ ⊛ ߥ ᄌ ൻ ࠍ ⠨ ߃ ว ࠊ ߖ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ߎ ߎޔ‬10 ᐕ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ߪ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ⺆ ᒻ ߣ ߒߡ‫ޔ‬⍴޿ᣇ߇ߛࠎߛࠎᅢ߹ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆߣ޿ߞߚ௑ะ ߇ᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㅧ⺆ᴺ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ㅧ⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ 18. ↳ 㧔 2011㧕 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ࡯ ࠲ ࠢ ࡜ ࡖ ࠠ ߩ ࡦ ࡚ ࠪ ࡯ ࡔ ࠾ ࡄ ࡖ ࠫ ޔ‬ฬ ߩ ࡀ ࡯ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ߦ ߽‫․ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᓽ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(19) ⃻ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ 147. ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪᣣᧄ⺆ߩ࿕᦭ߥㅧ⺆ᴺߦࠃࠆ଀߇ᄙ޿߇‫ޔ‬วᚑߣ޿߁ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߇ ߤ ߩ ᐕ ઍ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ߽ ৻ ⇟ ఝ ൓ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬ඨ ಽ એ ਄ ߽ භ ߼ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬ ߘ ࠇ ࠄ ߪ ਥ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᭴ ᚑ ⷐ ⚛ ੑ න ૏ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ว ᚑ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ਛ ߦ ‫ޠ ࠦ ࠛ ޟޔ‬ ߥߤߩࠃ߁ߥరᄖ࿖ේ⺆ߩធㄉ⊛ⷐ⚛߇ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ⺆ߩㅧ⺆ߦᄢ޿ߦነਈߔࠆߎߣ‫߽࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕޔߡߒߘޔ‬ᣣᧄ ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߣߒߡߪߚࠄߊࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߽‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻ ᘒ⚛ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆ࠍߪߺ಴ߚ․ᓽ⊛ߥ⃻⽎ߛߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ⇛ ⺆ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ‫ ⶄ[ ޔ‬ว ⺆ ⍴ ❗ ]㧔 ଀ ‫ ࡦ ࠜ ࡈ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޔ‬㧗 ࠢ ࡜ ࡉ ‫࠹ ޟ ޠ‬ ࡟ ࠢ ࡜ ‫ޠ‬㧕 ߣ ޿ ߁ ⇛ ⺆ ᴺ ߇ ৻ ⇟ ᄙ ߊ ↪ ޿ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩਛߢ߽‫ ߚߞ޿ߣޠࡦࡔ࠲ࠬޟ‬4 㖸▵⺆ߦ⇛ߐࠇߚ⺆߇ౖဳ⊛ߛ ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߩታ⸽⊛ߥ⠨ኤࠍㅢߒߡ⸽᣿ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ޔ‬๺ ⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ⇛⺆߽࿕᦭ᣣᧄ⺆ߣหߓߊ‫ޟ‬྾ᜉ࡞࡯࡞‫߁޿ߣޠ‬቟ቯߒ ߚᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ᒻߦ෼߹ࠅ߿ߔ޿ࠊߌߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩᣣᧄ ⺆ൻߩ⸽ߒߣߢ߽⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߥ ߅ ‫ ੹ޔ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ߪ ‫ޔ‬80 ᐕ ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߆ ࠄ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ㅧ ⺆ ᴺ ߦ ‫ ޟ‬-er‫ ޟޠ‬-ist‫ ߥ ߁ ࠃ ߩ ߤ ߥ ޠ‬ᄖ ࿖ ⺆ ේ ⺆ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ߩ੺࿷ߦࠃࠆㅧ⺆⃻⽎߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚߩ߇․ᓽߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄ ࠇࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛߆ࠄ ߪߺ಴ߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩㅧ⺆ᠲ૞߽⷗߃ᆎ߼ߚ ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩ୫↪߇⺆ᒵ࡟ࡌ ࡞߆ࠄᒻᘒ⚛࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢߦ᜛ᒛߒߚߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ࠍᣣᧄ⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛ߣߒߡขࠅ ᛒߞߡ޿޿߆ߤ߁߆ߪᓸᅱߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩㅧ⺆ߦㅴ಴ߒ ߟߟ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘߡߒߘޔ‬ㅧ⺆ജ߇৻ะߦ⴮߃ߥ޿ߩุ߽߼ߥ޿੐ታߢ ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ᒻᘒ⚛ߩ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑߦ߅ߌࠆ૏⟎ߠߌ ߿‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ᒵ૕♽ߦᅤ૗ߥࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߩ߆‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬໧ 㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ .

(20) 148 ‫؀‬Օֲ‫ء‬፿֮ઔߒ 24. ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ʳ ↳ ᔘ ဋ㧔 2011㧕 ‫ ࡯ ࠲ ࠢ ࡜ ࡖ ࠠ࡮ࡦ ࡕ ࠤ ࡐ ޟ‬ฬ ߩ ࡀ ࡯ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ̆ ࡀ ࡯ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ᣇ ᑼ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ޠ‬㧔‫ ޡ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢥ ቇ ‫ ޢ‬49㧕㊁ ⷺ ᐘ ሶ 㧔 1998㧕‫ ޡ‬ᣣ ᧄ ␠ ળ ߦ ޽ ߰ ࠇ ࠆ ࠞ ࠲ ࠞ ࠽ ⺆ ‫ޢ‬㧔 ᣂ 㘑 ⥢ 㧕㊁ ᧛ 㓷 ᤘ 㧔 1984㧕‫ ⺆ ޟ‬⒳ ߣ ㅧ ⺆ ജ ‫ޠ‬㧔‫ ޡ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ቇ ‫ ޢ‬3-9‫ ޔ‬᣿ ᴦ ᦠ 㒮㧕 ᯅ ᧄ ๺ ૫㧔 2010㧕 ‫⃻ޡ‬ઍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ᧪⺆ߩ㊂⊛ផ⒖ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ ⓥ ‫ޢ‬㧔 ߭ ߟ ߓ ᦠ ᚱ 㧕 ጊ ᧄ ޿ ߕ ߺ 㧔 1995㧕‫ ⺆ ⸶ ޟ‬ฃ ኈ ߩ ᄌ ㆫ ̆ ᣂ ⡞ ߦ ૶ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ̆ ‫ޠ‬ 㧔‫ ޡ‬ฬ ฎ ደ Ꮏ ᬺ ᄢ ቇ ♿ ⷐ ‫ ޢ‬47㧕 ᨋ ᘢ ำ㧔 2004㧕 ‫ޟ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩⶄว⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⇛⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ‫ޠ‬ 㧔‫ ⺆ ޡ‬ᢥ ⎇ ⓥ ‫ ޢ‬97 ภ 㧕 ‫⃻ޟ‬ઍᣣᧄ⺆ᄖ᧪⺆ߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡ̆ㅢᤨ⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ ᨋ ᘢ ำ㧔 2011㧕 ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ̆ ‫ޠ‬㧔‫ ޡ‬㜞㤀 ᄢ ቇ ᩞ ࡮ บ ḧ ᄢ ቇ ౒ ห ⎇ ⓥ ⊒ ⴫ ળ ‫ ޔޢ‬㜞㤀 ᄢ ቇᩞ㧕. ⾗ᢱ෸߮ㄉᦠ ‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ઍ ↪ ⺆ ߩ ၮ ␆ ⍮ ⼂ ‫ޢ‬㧔 1979 ᐕ ࡮ 1988 ᐕ ࡮ 1999 ᐕ ࡮ 2009 ᐕ 㧕⥄↱࿖᳃␠ ‫⃻ޡ‬ઍ↪⺆ߩၮ␆⍮⼂ ࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽ ᄖ᧪⺆㧛⇛⺆ㄉౖ‫ޢ‬ 㧔 2009㧕[ᡷ ⸓ Ⴧ⵬ᣂ ] ⥄↱࿖᳃␠.

(21)