我國小學師資培育政策的百年回顧與前瞻

(1)

ѿѕఀىᏰѐ! ಑έΪΞ෈! 3122ԑ9Т! ॲ8:.213! !

ר୽ωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟԻԑӱ៫ᇄࠉᙁ

*

!

ඇྶഽ!

୽ҳཱིԼఀىσᏰఀىᏰف owen@mail.nhcue.edu.tw ! !

ᄢ! ौ!

! ! ! ҏМ௤ଆԻԑپר୽ωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟᡐ८ӱ៫Ȃ௃ᐣѬޟُ࡙Ϸݙ೻ٲࢇ๊ ᡐ८ޟधශӰશȄंـԤඁᘈี౪ȈΙȃר୽ৱၥஉىࢇ๊௃Рҏ዁ԒᏲөछ୽዁Ԓȇ ΠȃҥॎหԒڗᓽരԒޟஉى዁ԒȇέȃҥΙϯஉىڗӻϯ໠ܹȇѲȃܒտϷ᜸༈ಛ ಬ߹ޟ၌ܹȂωᏰఀৱޟܒտҥ໨౾ഛ૾ᙽ࣏ഛ౾໨૾ޟ౪ຫȇϤȃఀৱӴ՝ᇄᖠЛ ࡟ႄ૖֜ЕᓺؾΡϗ׹Σఀى՗ӖȂծӰఀᅷᓃڥ౥ྃճӰશϚցᓺؾᏰυ׹Σৱஉ ҡ՗ӖȂڍޱלԙҭࣽ౪ຫȄᔮଆωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟցᄒுѶȂശࡣඪюএΡᄇω Ᏸৱၥஉىࢇ๊Ґپี৤ޟ࡚ដПөȈΙȃᆰᛮ१ຜৱၾᇄఀৱશ፴ޟᓺي༈ಛМ ϽȂ᝷៉ဣᄂωᏰৱၥஉىޟடཾЫҁौؑȇΠȃ߳ࡻ༈ಛৱጒఀى१ຜఀᏰᄂ୛ᇄ ᖝחᄂಬޟடཾ૖Ψȇέȃᎌ໔ޟϴາҡڙ࡙ᔖϠо߳੼ȇѲȃᎌ࡙ඪЀωᏰఀᅷᓃ ڥ౥ȂЕᏲৱஉҡޟ൷ཾሄᏲҡిೣგȄ! ! ᜰᗤຠȈωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ȃᐣѬᢎᄆȃԻԑӱ៫! ! !

*_{㛔㔯㚦㕤 2011 ⸜ 3 㚰 11 㖍䘤堐㕤所⁛⣏⬠ᷣ彎炻⺢⚳䘦⸜㔁做⬠埻䞼妶㚫烉㔁做㓧䫾䘬⚆栏冯⇵䝣炻䴻ℑ} ỵ⋧⎵⮑㞍⥼⒉シ夳ᾖ㬋炻Ṳℵ㈧呁㛔↲ℑỵ⋧⎵⮑㞍⥼⒉䘬⮞屜シ夳炻ᶨἝ农嫅ˤ

(2)

Kpvsobm!pg!Fevdbujpo!pg!Ubjqfj!Nvojdjqbm!Vojwfstjuz!pg!Fevdbujpo! Bvh-!3122-Wpm!4:!!qq/8:.213!

!

A Centennial Review and Prospect of the

Elementary School Teacher Education

Policy in the Republic of China (Taiwan)

!

Huan-Sheng Peng

Department of Education, National Hsinchu University of Education owen@mail.nhcue.edu.tw

Abstract

! ! This article discusses the policy changes in elementary school teacher education within the last hundred years and analyses from historical perspective their background. The findings are as following. First, the teacher education policy transfers from Japanese pattern to American pattern. Second, the pattern turns from plan -based to preparation-based. Third, the access to teacher education is transformed from the only single way to multiple ways. Fourth, liberation of teachers’ s ex distribution emerged when male teachers are largely outnumbered by female teachers in elementary schools. Fifth, a contradictory phenomenon comes to pass. While the social status and salary of teachers attract outstanding talents to the teaching profession, the extremely low rate of pre-service teachers passing the threshold is quite unfavorable to them.

! ! After presenting the advantages and disadvantages of elementary school teacher education policy, this study proposes suggestions for future developmen t: First, maintain traditional culture in such aspects as of honoring teachers and valuing their competence. Continue to meet the demand of proficiency in elementary school teacher education. Second, maintain the focuses of traditional teacher education on professionalism in teaching and pre-service teacher clinic training. Third, retain to a degree the system of funding students’ teacher education at state expense. Fourth, increase the rate of pre -service teachers passing the threshold and guide teacher education students’ career planning.

Keywords: elementary school teacher education policy, historical perspective, centennial review

(3)

൦ȃࠉِ!

! ! Ϭԑݠഇר୽࡚୽Իԑक܈ȂᏰࣨ௃Өএቹ७ӱ៫೻Իԑپר୽ޟӨ໶࡚೩ี ৤ȂоᔮଆႆўȂ๊ᓾҐپȄఀىᏰࣨһ௃ఀىޟӨএ७өี৤Ȃپӱ៫ᇄ৤ఖר୽ Իԑپఀىڙ࡙ᇄࡦདޟᅋᡐȂ෈ఖᙤԪᐣѬُ࡙ޟᢎᄆȂ࣏ఀىӵΰक़७өޟี৤ ૖ᕕுੈᠦᇄంҰȄ! ! ! ఀৱ࣏ఀىޟᜰᗤȂ೻࢐ר୽ՌѠоپ१ຜৱၾগ౩ޟМϽᆠ๼Ȃζ࢐ݍПᏐড় МϽޟ१ौᆠડϱొȄᏐᏰငڐήᖿـޟ൵ৱ१ၾȃᅕфо६ࡔдޟ൵Ќಛݽࢇ๊ᇄ ໧বо६ޟऋᖞМϽȂ഍࣏ϛ๼МϽᐙҳதଽৱၾޟఀىМϽۻងȄആႆѠфۢᏰᇄ ؽჩᄇᏐᏰငڐޟं᠞ȂоЅऋᖞڙ࡙ޟђӪଡؑȂఀৱӴ՝ᗶڧ൵தȃఀৱޟၥਿ һԤೣጒ2 ȂծఀৱޟஉىۦҐԤடߞޟᏰਮஉଋȄЅՍ఼ґӵϛ୽σചڷРݽਢ෈ᇃ ᢊڧڗݍՙП౪фМϽޟኇ៪ȂடߞஉىৱၥޟৱጒᏰஆܖᏰਮϗ౰ҡȂৱၥஉىП ϗം؏࡚ҳڙ࡙Ȅҕ୽࡚ҳߑ෈Ȃӵϛ୽σചП७३ܻࢇ׋ଢ଼ᕝȂҐ૖לԙԤցܻఀ ىᛧۡี৤ޟనӇȂωᏰৱၥஉىޟࣺᜰڙ࡙ᇄဣᄂแ࡙ՌณࣺၶܻРݽᇃᢊԤܚϚ ٗȄ୽ҕࢇۺ᎐ᇃࡣȂߑ෈ϫݼҢРݽৱጒఀىڙ࡙ޟஅᙃȂം؏ᘗ৤ৱጒఀىޟี ৤)ඇྶഽȂ311:bȂॲ47:.481*Ȃᡱৱጒఀىԙ࣏ȶᆠડ୽٩ȷ)৘٤ғȂ2:96Ȃॲ 4:.51ȃ57*Ȃ൨ҳϛѵ໱᠌ΙϯϽޟৱၥஉىࢇ๊ПବȄ! ! ! ፙЅר୽࡚୽ԻԑޟωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊Ȃ҆໸ញЅ୽ҕࢇۺ᎐ᇃࠉޟϛ୽σചڷ ΠᏽࠉРݽਢ෈ޟৱጒఀىȄࠉޱӵᏴݲݲ౩ΰ҆໸ྗЅȂծ࢐֏ӵᇃᢊԤܚݼҢᇄ ဣᄂȂџୈᢎᄆȇࡣޱᄇᇃᢊৱጒఀىޟஅᙃ࡚೩Ԥդᄂ፴ኇ៪Ȃζџ౱հϷݙȄҏ М஠ᄇר୽ԻԑپޟωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊Ϟᡐ८ӑୈᐣѬޟӱ៫Ȃڏԩ௃ᐣѬޟُ࡙Ϸ ݙ೻ٲࢇ๊ᡐ८ޟӰશȂӔ൷ωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟี৤ୈΙฬᔮଆȂശࡣඪюএΡᄇ ωᏰৱၥஉىҐپี৤ࢇ๊Ϟ఻َ࡚ដȄ! ! ! !

1_{ẍ㶭ẋ䁢ἳ炻⛐⭀⬠㕡朊炻⹄⬠㔁㌰忂ⷠ天㚱忚⢓ㆾ冱Ṣ䘬屯㟤炻䷋⬠㔁媕䁢冱Ṣㆾ怠届䓇䘬屯㟤炻䷋⬠妻} ⮶Ṏ㚱怠届䓇ẍᶲ䘬屯㟤ˤ䥩⠦ㆾ㚠㇧䘬侩ⷓ炻ḇⷠ㚱䥨ㇵ䘬幓ấˤ

(4)

ຯȃωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟԻԑᡐ८ӱ៫!

Ιȃ2:5:ԑоࠉޟωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊!

)Ι*఼ґޟωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊! ! ! ϛ୽༈ಛᗶ१ຜৱၾȂϚ፣ۢᏰܖؽᏰᄇܻఀৱޟၥਿһԤܚौؑȂծۦҐԤட ߞஉىৱၥޟᎴԙఀىᐠᄺȄЅՍ఼ґ29:8ԑȂ౾ࡇᛄӵΰ੕ࠒࢷϴᏰ೩Ԥৱጒ଱Ȃ ໠ంϛ୽ശԞޟৱၥடߞஉଋȄ29:9ԑ৘ড়ⷞ፜೩ޟٵৱσᏰஆȂһ೩ԤৱጒᘍȄΰ क़ڍ᜸ޟৱጒఀىᐠᄺȂ୑१ܻϛᏰఀৱޟஉىȄ2:13ԑϛ୽಑Ιএ౪фϽᏰڙȋЇ ஙᏰڙȂ೩ԤৱጒᓢᇄৱጒᏰஆȂৱጒᏰஆ࣏ϛᏰแ࡙Ȃ॒೰ߑ้ఀىޟৱၥஉىȂ ՌԪωᏰޟৱၥஉىϗԤܚೣጒȄ2:15ԑޟࣰќᏰڙȂ໌Ι؏஠ৱጒఀىᐠᄺࣨۡޟ ၶ࣏ں၏ȂϷᓺ઻ৱጒᏰஆᇄߑ઻ৱጒᏰஆȇࠉޱஉىϛᏰܖৱጒৱၥȂࡣޱஉىω ᏰৱၥȄՌԪȂޢᗵȃόݍȃѲύȃ෹ѕѲࣸ౥ӑ೩ҳৱጒᏰஆȂӨࣸϞࡣം؏ၭ໌Ȃ Ս2:19ԑӒ୽Ԥ692ܚৱጒᏰஆ)ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོȂ2:45Ȃॲ416*Ȅ೻এኵ ᐃȂҐ૖ಠϷߑ઻ᇄᓺ઻ৱጒᏰஆӨԤӻЍܚȂζฒኵᐃџоڎᡝϷݙӨࣸ࢐֏֯Ԥ ೩ညωᏰৱၥஉىᐠᄺȄ! ! ! ΙૡՄِȂߑ઻ৱጒᏰஆȂϚᆓظτҡȂғೣޟᏰڙσܰওཾѲԑȇծӰৱၥሯ ؑЌࡨȂ೩ԤᙏܾৱጒऋܖᖝਢωᏰఀষᎴԙܚȂওཾΙܖڍԑȂо׹ΣӴПఀىϞ ሯȄ఼ґৱጒఀىᏰಬРҏޟ዁ԒȂӰ୽௑ࣺխȂ௴ϛѵ໱᠌ޟ዁Ԓ)ቓ௦ȃᗂᆰڷȂ 3113Ȃॲ65.68*ȂծࠓҐԃӣРҏ٥ኺ१ຜৱጒఀى3 Ȅ఼ґᗶԤ໠ۖ௰৤ωᏰఀىޟ ॎหȂծӰฒԪП७ޟڎᡝಛॎၥਟȂฒݲጂϸᕣ၌Ԫਢ෈ޟωᏰఀىี৤௑ݷȄ๋ ޱᇯ࣏Ԫਢ෈फ़ܻࢇ׋ଢ଼ᕝᇄ଒ྛငາȂᜲ૖ೱᄕဣᄂωᏰޟලЅ೩ညȂоमωᏰৱ ၥஉىһҐ૖้ӣ१ຜᇄ௰৤Ȅ! )Π*ҕ୽࡚ҳߑ෈ޟωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊! ! ! ҕ୽࡚ҳࡣȂࠒٵࢇۺӵ2:23ԑᇄ2:24ԑӑࡣႵշᏰڙȂᆎϞ࣏ЇυࣰϘᏰڙȂ নࠌΰڥੑႆўԎᑪ೩ҳৱጒᏰਮޟೣۡȂ׽ҥࣸҳৱጒᏰਮȂؽΡܖؽݲΡһџҧ

2_{㶭㓧⹄㕤 1872 ⸜椾㳦℔屣⸤䪍⇵⼨伶⚳䔁⬠炻⇵⼴ℙ妰 120 ⎵⸤䪍炻军 1881 ⸜䔁⬠㓧䫾⺊㬊ˤ忁㛇攻㶭㓧} ⹄䔁⬠䚖䘬ᷣ天⛐⬠佺幵ḳ冯䥹㈨炻᷎㛒慵夾㓧㱣ˣ㔁做ˣ㔯⊾㕡朊䘬㟡㛔㓡朑ˤ⍵奨㖍㛔㕤 1875 ⸜椾㈡䔁 ⬠䓇炻⌣㚱䔁伶⬠佺ⷓ䭬㔁做侭—Ẳ㽌ᾖḴ(冢䀋椾ỵ⬠⊁悐攟⭀炻㖍㛔䘬ⷓ䭬㔁做Έ⮶⃰槭)炻栗夳㖍㛔慵夾ⷓ䭬㔁做炻ᶼ㕤 1900 ⸜㤕⶚⬴ㆸ⮷⬠佑⊁㔁做橼䲣(姙ἑ岊炻2001炻枩 4-6烊⼕䄍⊅炻2009b炻枩 388)ˤ

(5)

ᒲৱጒᏰਮȄৱጒᏰਮҏऋওཾѲԑȂႱऋΙԑȇৱጒᏰਮᔖ೩ߣ឴ωᏰȂհ࣏ৱጒ ҡᄂಬϞܚȄৱጒҡϷϴາȃјາҡȃՌາҡέᆍ٘ӋȂ౳ཾࡣٷڏ٘Ϸೣ݈ۡ୛Ϟ ԑ३)৘٤ғȂ2:74Ȃॲ37*Ȅ2:33ԑѕࢷࢇۺఀىഋႵշЇԘᏰڙȂৱጒᏰਮޟওཾ ԑ३׽࣏ࠉ෈έԑȂࡣ෈έԑȇଽ઻ϛᏰு೩ညৱጒऋȇӨӴПுӰӴڙۣ೩ညΙՍ έԑޟৱጒᏰਮȄ2:34ԑ԰ឃࣸ౥ӑӵ໐؆೩ҳၻ؆ৱጒᏰਮϷਮȂஉىၻ؆Ӵୢω ᏰৱၥȂоցωᏰලЅޟᘗ৤)ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོȂ2:45Ȃॲ416.417*Ȅৱ ጒᏰਮޟওཾԑ३ᇄ೩ҳᗶၶԤኆܒȂծѶўᐿҳޟடཾӴ՝ȂϫᡗҰωᏰৱၥ༉ଽ ϛแ࡙Ȅ! ! ! 2:39ԑ୽ҕࢇۺ஠ৱጒᏰਮځΣϛᏰᒲ౩ȂӖ࣏ଽϛϷऋϞΙȂৱጒᏰਮϚӔᐿ ҳ೩ညȂծԪхҐ૖ලႇᄂࢊȂϫԤഋϷࣸϷᆰࡻᙟڙȄωᏰৱጒఀىᇄϛᏰఀىҬ ኿ϚӣȂԤఀىᏰޱ঎ដৱጒᏰਮᔖ࿋ᐿҳ೩ညȄ2:43ԑ୽ҕࢇۺႵշȮৱጒᏰਮ ݲȯȂೣጒৱጒᏰਮоᐿҳ೩ည࣏নࠌȂϴҳϛᏰ༉૖೩ည੫ৱऋᇄᙏܾৱጒऋȂৱ ጒᏰਮு೩ညᙏܾৱጒᇄ҂ৱऋȄৱጒᏰਮғೣੲܣԝߑϛ౳ཾҡȂওཾέԑȇ੫ৱ ऋܣԝଽϛᙛ౳ཾҡȂওཾΙԑȄӨӴПӰᔖωᏰৱၥሯؑȂு೩ᙏܾৱጒᏰਮȂܣ ԝωᏰ౳ཾҡȂওཾѲԑȇܖܻϛᏰߣ೩ᙏܾৱጒऋȂܣԝߑϛ౳ཾҡȂওཾΙԑȄ ԪݲೣۡӨ᜸ৱጒఀىȂҥϛѵܖӴПࢇۺᒲ౩ȂؽΡϚு೩Ϟ4 )ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡ ᒮۏষོȂ2:45Ȃॲ417*ȄৱጒҡջԝᏰາȂծᏰҡҢਪȃڙ݈ЅᏰಬ؅ਟາҥᏰҡ ՌາȂৱጒҡᑵஜາҢٷӨӴငາؚۡ࢐֏ջາܖՌпȄৱጒҡ౳ཾࡣҥࢇۺϷีࣂ ҢȂԤ݈୛ԑ३Ϟೣጒ)৘٤ғȂ2:74Ȃॲ67.68*Ȅ2:41ԑ୽ҕࢇۺႵҀȶৱጒᏰਮ ኷՗፞แȷࡣȂٷᐃέҕкဎ࣏ശଽޟఀىࡾᏲনࠌȂ१ຜৱጒҡޟឩ୽ཎᜋȂо୽ ҕឩষޟଋጛПԒ࣏ଋىޟࡾᏲПବȂ೻ᆍࢇݽཎᜋ࠮ᄘȂӵ୽ҕࢇۺ᎐ᇃࡣ؁࣏ڎ ᡝဣᄂ5 ȄᐌᡝՄِȂ!2:47Ᏸԑ࡙Ӓ୽ৱጒᏰਮԤ925ܚȂڧڗРҏ߭๼ᏽތޟኇ៪Ȃ 2:48Ᏸԑ࡙෵࣏475ܚȂᏽࡣ2:57ԑቨ࣏:13ܚ)ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོȂ2:68Ȃ ॲ399*ȄᏽތޟӰશٺுωᏰලЅี৤ᜲоᘗ৤Ȃ೿ளኇ៪ωᏰৱၥஉىޟᘗ৤Ȅ!

3_{Ữ⛐㬌㱽姕䩳⇵䘬䥩Ṣⷓ䭬⬠㟉彎⬠䷦⃒侭⼿ẍ临⬀(㔁做悐㔁做⸜揹䶐廗⥼⒉㚫炻1957炻枩 287)ˤ} 4_{1930 ⸜⚳㮹㓧⹄枺ⶫ䘬ˬⷓ䭬⬠㟉㙓埴婚䦳˭}_{炻㚱ˬ源佑˭䘬婚䦳䥹䚖(㔁做悐㔁做⸜揹䶐廗⥼⒉㚫炻1934炻} 枩 309)炻Ữ⛐ 1941 ⸜㔁做悐℔ⶫ䘬ⷓ䭬⬠㟉㔁⬠䥹䚖堐墉炻⌣⶚䃉㬌㓧㱣シ嬀✳ン䘬䈡⭂䥹䚖(㔁做悐㔁做 ⸜揹䶐廗⥼⒉㚫炻1948炻枩 921)ˤỮ 1952 ⸜㔁做悐℔ⶫ䘬ⷓ䭬⬠㟉㔁⬠䥹䚖堐炻攳⥳㚱ˬᶱ㮹ᷣ佑˭䘬䥹䚖 (㔁做悐㔁做⸜揹䶐廗⥼⒉㚫炻1957炻枩 291)炻1978 ⸜㓡⇞ⷓ⮰⼴炻㓡䁢ˬ⚳䇞⿅゛˭䥹䚖炻1992 ⸜㓡䁢ˬㅚ 㱽冯䩳⚳䱦䤆˭䥹䚖炻⇯⶚䃉⚳㮹源⮰㓧䘬㓧㱣シ嬀㍏⇞(⼕䄍⊅炻2009b炻枩 404)ˤ

(6)

ΠȃРݽਢ෈ᇃᢊωᏰޟৱၥஉىࢇ๊!

! ! ᇃᢊৱጒఀىڙ࡙ޟጢଔȂ҆໸௃Рݽਢ෈໠ۖፙଔȄ29:7ԑᖂ࿜ۺ೩ҳ୽ᇭᏰ ਮৱጒഋ໌՗୽ᇭ༈ಬܚৱၥޟஉىȂߑ෈୽ᇭ༈ಬܚޟৱၥӻ۽ᡧРҏҏ୽ৱጒҡ ܖϛᏰҡپᇃȂࡣឈுषौලЅӴ௰৤அᙃဎ୛ఀىȂࠌሯौஉᎴᇃᢊҏπޟৱጒΡ ϗȄ29:9ԑᖂ࿜ۺᄂࢊϴᏰਮڥф୽ᇭ༈ಬܚȂо௰৤அᙃޟဎ୛ఀىڙ࡙Ȅ࣏ΟӰ ᔖԪ໶ৱၥሯؑȂႤԑ೩ညᇃѕȃᇃϛȃᇃࠒέܚৱጒᏰਮȂоϴາПԒஉىȂٮϴ ҀϴᏰਮఀষᔮۡೣࠌȄҥܻငາ३ڙȂоЅӵᇃϴᏰਮ൷Ᏸ౥ۦҐԃႱ෈ᘗ஻໠ پȂৱጒᏰਮ౳ཾҡฒݲ໷ցϷีՍϴᏰਮ݈୛Ȃၿܻ2:13ԑӑኀଶᇃѕȃᇃϛৱጒ ᏰਮȂ2:15ԑӔኀᇃࠒৱጒᏰਮȂ஠ϴᏰਮৱၥ᠌೰Ӕᘪᖂ࿜ۺߣ೩ޟ୽ᇭᏰਮৱጒ ഋ॒೰)೨ᓂኊឍݧȂ3121Ȃॲ397.398*Ȅ! ! ! ᇃᢊΡҕӵ෥ҕಛݽߑ෈Ȃ௃ݡ၆תРՍ፜᜹ၽᇳПԒȂ෈ఖ૖ᕕு࢚ᆍแ࡙ޟ Ռݽ᠌ᇄҁ้࡟ႄȄᖂ࿜ۺ࣏Ӱᔖᗖ௑Ȃၿӵ2:2:ԑႵշȮᇃᢊఀىхȯȂ࡚ҳӨ઻ ᏰڙೣࠌȂ१ཱི೩ညᇃѕ6 ȃᇃࠒڍܚৱጒᏰਮȂѪ೩τυଽ้ල೽Ᏸਮৱጒऋஉىϴ Ᏸਮτఀষ7 Ȅ2:34ԑቨ೩ᇃϛৱጒᏰਮȂ2:51ԑӔቨ೩ᇃϛৱጒᏰਮཱིԼϷਮᇄᇃࠒ ৱጒᏰਮࡎݍϷਮоӰᔖϴᏰਮৱၥޟሯؑȂ2:55ԑӵᄔϽ೩ညߧԑৱጒᏰਮȂ॒೰ ࡇ༈ࣲҕϽၼଢ଼ᇄߧԑࡦདώհȄ2:54ԑৱጒᏰਮҥϛ้แ࡙ඪЀՍடऋแ࡙Ȅ೻ࢲ ෈໢ޟωᏰৱၥஉىȋৱጒఀىȂԤඁᘈ঄ுݧཎȈ! )Ι*௴ڥϴາڙ࡙உىȂ֜Е೴ጏЅᓺؾޟᇃᝲυךĸ ൷ᏰȂٮҥࢇۺಛΙϷีȂڎԤ ώհޟ߳ራȄ! )Π*ᄂࢊॖٱϽҡࣀᆓ౩Ȃᄇܻৱጒҡ௴ڥᝒਿޟհ਀ȃᐌዓȃࡦདޟ໱ᡝఀىȂୋ ԤৱጒҡϞᏰҡၼଢ଼ߒႀϚᅖޟ௑ᆱĹ ȄৱጒᏰਮఀ௲ȃօఀ௲ӻ࣏РᝲȂϫᡗҰ ю෥ҕޱಛݽޟЖᄘȄ! )έ*ଶΟРᇭғԒ፞แѴȂۦԤዖӵ፞แޟ৾᠞ఀىఅᇭȃөЈࣲك჋՗ᙄȃ࿽ኊР

5_{1927 ⸜冢⊿ⷓ䭬⬠㟉↮√䁢冢⊿䫔ᶨⷓ䭬⬠㟉冯冢⊿䫔Ḵⷓ䭬⬠㟉炻⇵侭ᷣ天➡做⮷⬠㟉(㖍㛔Ṣ⫸⻇)ⷓ} 屯炻⼴侭ᷣ天➡做℔⬠㟉(冢䀋Ṣ⫸⻇)ⷓ屯ˤ1943 ⸜⍰⮯忁ℑ㇨ⷓ䭬⬠㟉ℵ⎰Ἕ䁢冢⊿ⷓ䭬⬠㟉ˤ 6_{1919 ⸜ⷓ䭬⬠㟉ℵ⹎ㆸ䩳炻Ṏ攳⥳㊃㓞⤛⫸Ἦ⯙嬨ˤ} 7_{1928 ⸜ⷓ䭬⬠㟉⎘䯵㘖忂䥹䓟䓇抬⍾䌯 2.91炮炻⤛⫸㺼佺䥹 18.92炮烊1941 ⸜⎘䯵䓟⫸⸛⛯抬⍾䌯䁢 2.38炮炻} 㛒㊃⎘䯵⤛⫸烊1942 ⸜炻⎘䯵䓟⫸⸛⛯抬⍾䌯䁢 2.38炮炻⎘䯵⤛⫸ 23.08炮(㛶⚺㚫炻1997炻枩 208ˣ307)ˤ ᶨ凔侴妨炻⎘䯵䓟⫸䘬抬⍾䌯Ỷ㕤⎘䯵⤛⫸炻傥⯙嬨ⷓ䭬⬠㟉䘬⎘䯵䓟⿏炻䓙㔠㒂Ἦ䚳栗夳℞䪞䇕ᷳ㽨䁰ˤ 8_{ⷓ䭬䓇忳≽⍇⚈ㆾ⚈怕⍿㖍㛔Ṣ䘬㬏夾炻ㆾ⚈⇞⹎㍒㕥䘬⺲䕭炻ㆾ⚈⍿ᶵḮ天㯪ᷳ♜㟤炻侴䘤䓇暞㗇䘬⬠䓇} 忳≽(⏛㔯㗇炻1983炻枩 134-146)ˤ

(7)

୤ࡶડޥ้ࣀଢ଼Ȃᡗَៀᒯৱጒҡਝ܆ЈࣲᇄРҏޟҬޟȄϴᏰਮఀষ଩ᔜМۢ ޟ݈ۢᇄݡρΦȂԙ࣏܄ਢޥོಛݽ໦ቹޟຫ኉Ȃхৱጒҡࣺ࿋ဏ኎ᇄதࡶ)֔ М࢑Ȃ2:94Ȃॲ222*Ȅ! )Ѳ*ৱጒҡٴԤϴາᇄᙛཾ߳ራȂ֜ЕഋϷᇃᝲড়ც఼൱ծᓺؾޟᏰҡپ൷᠞ȄծӰ ࣏Рݽਢ෈фߒᇃᢊޥོӴ՝ޟέᆍ๻़ȈࡡৱȃᚂৱᇄఀৱȂϛΰޥོ໦ቹޟ Ᏸҡĺ ζԤپ൷᠞ৱጒᏰਮޱȂՄԙ࣏ޥོሴᏲ๻़)֔М࢑Ȃ2:94Ȃॲ215.222*Ȅ! ! ! ᘪઽΰ७ඁএ੫ᘈȂоৱጒఀىڷϴᏰਮဎ୛ఀىհ࣏ᆠડ୽٩ᇄࣲҕϽၼଢ଼ޟ ЙࢲȂ௃Рݽࡣ෈ϴᏰਮᏰឭڋ็൷Ᏸ౥ظτҁ֯ႀ82/4&)ᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴဍಛॎ ࡉጡӟȂ2:57Ȃॲ2352*ȂᡗَϴᏰਮംᅚڧڗᇃᢊΡҕޟ௥ڧоЅڏีථࡦད׽അ ଔΟհҢȄᇃᝲظτആႆৱጒᏰਮᐭ੨ޟൢՃᝯތಳᑗՄюȂԙ࣏ᇃᢊޥོሴᏲ໦ቹ ޟ๻़ϞΙȂϴᏰਮఀৱڧڗᇃᢊΡҕޟ१ຜᇄ൵ཱȂ׸ᅋ१ौޟُՓȄ!

έȃᏽࡣᇃᢊωᏰޟৱၥஉىࢇ๊!

! ! 2:53ԑ୽ҕࢇۺ։ྥരԝඈᇃᢊޟ௥ԝώհॎหȂ2:55ԑ੫տ१ຜўРҏϽࡦད ᒸࢳޟ፞แᇄఀᏰώհȂ௙໌՗ϛ୽ϽޟωᏰఀৱሯؑ໔σȂΙਢϞ໢ζᜲ૖ᔖпభ ԃ21 Ȅ2:56ԑ୽ҕࢇۺ௥ԝᇃᢊ೩ညᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴဍȂήᗒࣸఀى೎॒೰ఀى௥ ԝᇄࡦད׽അώհȂڏఀى௩ࢊ१ᘈԤϲᘈȈ)Ι*លපέҕкဎȇ)Π*உىҕఊМϽȇ )έ*ᎌӫ୽ড়ڷҏࣸޟሯौȇ)Ѳ*ዩᓾᏰ೚ंـȇ)Ϥ*ቨёఀىᐠོȇ)ϲ*௰՗ఀى ݲх)ᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴဍఀى೎Ȃ2:57bȂॲ7:.82*Ȅࠉڍ໶१ᘈᗶ኿Ұюҕఊᆠડ ࡦདޟ׽അПବ࣏Ө઻Ᏸਮҳ։१ᘈώհ໶ҬȂծ࢐౳തϤΪԑޟРҏ෥ҕಛݽհҢ ٮߨ෉ςϞ໢Ι᜚џඁޟȄଶΟሯौਢ໢ᘈᅎಣᑖȂۦ໸ौৱၥΡϗȃᏽࡣސၥᇄင ᔼඈনȃМϽፐए้ӰશޟᑑӫȄ୽ҕࢇۺӵᏽࡣᄇܻৱጒఀىޟ१࡚Ԥڍ໶१ौ௩ ࢊȈ! )Ι*׽८Ᏸڙ! ! ! ॶӑ׽ᡐᏰԑϞᏰ෈ҥέᏰ෈ᡐ࣏ڍᏰ෈Ȃওཾᇄܹ୅Р෈ζԤܚ፡ᐌȄڏԩȂ Ӱ୽ҕࢇۺԪਢ෈ӵσച஠ৱጒᏰਮϫۡ՝ӵϛ้แ࡙ȂՄᇃᢊޟৱጒᏰਮӵ2:54ԑ ϐඪЀՍடऋแ࡙Ȃܚоনᙟڙҡ᝷៉ݼҢᙟڙȂծཱིڙҡࠓ६࣏ϛ้แ࡙)ᇃᢊࣸ

9_{⯌℞ẍ⤛⿏⯙嬨ⷓ䭬⬠㟉䘬側㘗炻⣂䁢ᷕᶲ昶Ⰼ侭(⻝䳈䡏炻1985)ˤ} 10_{昌⚳婆ˣ℔㮹ˣ⎚⛘㔁做䓙⚳Ṣ⃭ả炻℞Ṿ䥹䚖⎗惴䓙㖍䯵㔁ⷓ两临䔁ảˤ}

(8)

՗ࢇߝۢϴဍఀى೎ጡȂ2:57cȂॲ43.44*Ȅ! )Π*ᘗшৱጒᏰਮ! ! ! 2:56ԑ୽ҕࢇۺ஠ᇃѕৱጒᏰਮӔϷസ࣏ڍܚȈࣸҳᇃѕτυৱጒᏰਮڷࣸҳᇃ ѕৱጒᏰਮȂႤԑ஠ཱིԼڷࡎݍϷਮЀਿ࣏ᐿҳޟৱጒᏰਮȂ2:58ቨ೩߆ጸৱጒᏰ ਮȂ2:59ԑӔቨ೩ᇃݍৱጒᏰਮȂ2:68ԑԙҳოဎৱጒᏰਮȄԪਢ෈ৱጒᏰਮᖂӓԤ ΞܚȂ॒೰ӨӴୢ୽ҕᏰਮఀىৱၥޟஉىȄ൷፞แՄِȂظτৱጒҡଶॖଋȃড়ࢇ ፞แԤظτܒտ৯౴ѴȂڏᎷܚΰ፞แσࣺܰӣȄԪਢ෈ғԒ፞แ๿१ܻȈ୽ᇭМȃ ఀىऋҬȃέҕкဎᇄ୽ҕឩឩϽࡦདఀى22 ȇዖӵ፞แ๿१ܻᝒਿޟॖٱϽҡࣀᆓ ౩Ȃആႆ՞ஜϱ୛ᐌዓȃ഼ଢ଼݈୛ȃॖٱఀىଋጛȃظτҡᝒ࿱ፙᠾདྷȃԞఏᘈӪᇄ Ռಬఀى้հ਀ȂஉᎴ໱ᡝတܒޟकࡡҡࣀఀىȄӰᔖ୽ҕᏰਮఀৱѓੲڙޟᢎᘈȂ ৱጒᏰਮौؑৱጒҡڎԤ೽ϗޟኄിఀىશᎴȂဣᄂ૖Ψҏ՝ޟఀىଋጛȄఀىऋҬ ଶ౩፣ᏰಬѴȂһ୏१ఀىᄂಬَಬȃѴஃਡၽ୤ᢎȃՍ᎑ߖωᏰ໱ϛᄂಬ)ΙএТ* ้ᄂಬ፞แȂဣᄂ౩፣ᇄᄂ୛ޟ೿๖)ඇྶഽȂ311:bȂॲ485.486*Ȅ! ! ! ᓍ๿ᇃᢊငᔼޟᛧۡี৤Ȃଽ้ఀىޟᅚԩࠏᑹȂϛѵࢇۺӵ2:71ԑଔӨৱጒᏰ ਮച៉Ѐਿ࣏έԑڙৱጒடऋᏰਮ23Ȃфߒᏽࡣᇃᢊ୽ҕᏰਮϞৱၥશ፴ҥϛ้ඪЀ Սடऋแ࡙Ȅ2:74ԑᇃѕȃᇃϛȃᇃࠒέܚέԑڙৱጒடऋᏰਮ౥ӑംԑ׽ڙ࣏Ϥԑ ڙৱጒடऋᏰਮȂܻ2:78ԑׇԙӨৱጒϤԑڙடऋᏰਮޟ׽ڙȄϤԑڙৱጒடऋᏰਮ ܣԝ୽ϛ౳ཾᏰҡȂৱጒடऋᏰਮಛΙڼᚠᇄಛΙਢ໢ՃၐȂծӨਮ௴ӨՌൢӪᇄᓃ ڥޟհཾПԒȄҥܻৱጒடऋᏰਮϴາڙ࡙ᇄ൷ཾ߳ራȂϫᙟ֜Е఼൱иᓺؾޟظܒ ୽ϛҡپ൷᠞ȄৱጒᏰਮᇄৱጒடऋᏰਮڍޱࣱ१ຜӨऋఀ؅ఀݲᇄఀىᄂಬ፞แȂ ๿१ఀᏰ׬ѽ૖ΨޟஉᎴȂЎڏࡣޱڧڗछ୽૖Ψҏ՝ৱၥఀىޟࡦዘኇ៪Ȃё஼ৱ ጒҡӵஅҏఀᏰ૖Ψޟᔮਯܪก)ؕᆵጸȂ3115Ȃॲ219.222*Ȅ! ! ! ௃2:81ԑ಑ϤԩӒ୽ఀىོដޟࡇҰ१ᘈȈӵέҕкဎޟࡾᏲПବήȂоগ౩ȃ ҕкȃऋᏰ࣏ࡾ኿Ȃё஼ҕఊᆠડఀىȃඈᑹϛ๼МϽȃొᎴΡਿఀىȃੑଶ໦઻Ϫ ࡭ȃ࡚ҳڷᒙޥོॳۦ)ఀىഋȂ2:81Ȃॲ3*Ȃџоᡗَࢇݽཎᜋ࠮ᄘЛ଩ήϫᙟ஠

11_{⚳㮹㓧⹄㑕怟军冢䀋炻㚜≈慵夾⮵⎬䳂⬠㟉⬠䓇⿅゛䘬䭉㍏ˤ} 12 ⁭冢ᷕˣ冢⊿ˣ⎘⋿㓡⇞䁢ᶱ⸜⇞ⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉炻Ữ 1962 ⸜䫔⚃㫉ℐ⚳㔁做㚫嬘㩊妶㬌㓡⇞⏠⺽ᶵ⇘⃒䥨䘬檀ᷕ借⬠䓇Ἦ⟙侫炻ᶼᾖ㤕⁭ℑ⸜炻䃉㱽⼘栗ⷓ䭬䓇⮰㤕䱦䤆炻⺢嬘冒 1963 ⸜㓡䁢Ḽ⸜⇞ⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉(冢䀋䚩㔯䌣⥼⒉㚫䶐⌘炻1993炻枩 766烊⚳⎚棐䶐⌘炻1990炻枩 127)ˤ

(9)

୽ҕఀىᇄৱጒఀى࣏ࣨۡᆠડ୽٩ޟُՓȄӰԪȂৱጒᏰਮਢ෈ޟࡦདώհᇄឩϽ ఀىϫᙟ࣏१ौޟώհȂആႆॖٱϽҡࣀᆓఀȃ໱ᡝϽकࡡ݈௃ȃӒᡝ՞ஜޟӒП՝ ଋىᆓ௡Ȃ೻ᆍৱጒᏰਮޟкཆМϽϫᙟݼ᠛ܻৱጒடऋਢ෈ȄѫϚႆȂޥོငᔼี ৤Ȃҕҡސၥᙴ൲Ȃ༈ኬ൬ᡝМϽޟᑹଔȂζٺுৱጒᏰਮႆў஼፡቎ᐔړवȃᝒਿ कࡡᆓ௡ޟ੉ݥϚ჋оࠉ٥ኺᐨॣȄԪਢ෈໠ۖԤᏰҡޥღࣀଢ଼Ȃᡱ՞ஜकࡡҡࣀቨ ఺ඁ೨ዅ፸Ȃৱጒҡ஠ഋϷᆠΨ׹ݧܻԪȂζ֕౪ਮ༪ࣀዑӻϯޟ౪ຫȄ2:91ԑфৱ ጒடऋᏰਮࡣ෈ظτҡՌҥፙᠾདྷޟᝒਿ३ڙϐംᅚܹቶᇄ၌ଶȂࣥՍ໠ۖ҈કظτ ϷੲጡڙՄ௴ظτӫੲПԒȂቨ໌ڍܒϣଢ଼ᏰಬᐠོȄ24 ! ! ! ࣏Ο१ຜৱጒఀىӵ୽ҕᏰਮఀىޟৱၥΙϯϽȂԤտܻΙૡσᏰޟݲೣȂܻ 2:8:ԑϴҀȮৱጒఀىݲȯȂጂҳ୽ҕϛωᏰৱၥҥৱጒਮ଱ΙϯϽஉىȂ೩ညߣ឴ ᄂᡛᏰਮඪټఀᏰᄂಬЅंـϞሯौȂৱጒҡٴԤϴາЅࢇۺϷี൷ཾޟ߳ራȂٮᄇ ৱጒҡЀᏰȃ໌ওԤܚೣጒ)ᇃᢊࣸࢇۺఀىᢈጡӟȂ2:98Ȃॲ49.4:*Ȅ௃ݲхΰޟ ੫տೣጒȂџоᡗَৱጒఀىӵ୽ড়ఀىܚ׸ᅋޟ१ौُՓȄ!

Ѳȃ၌ᝒࡣᇃᢊωᏰޟৱၥஉىࢇ๊!

! ! 2:95ԑఀىഋѢ໠ȶৱጒఀىོដȷȂᇯ࣏Ө୽ৱጒఀىี৤ϐ஠ωᏰৱၥඪЀ ՍσᏰЫҁȂஅᙃޟωᏰఀىӴ՝१ौȂၿؚដंᔣȶৱட׽ڙৱ଱Ϟџ՗ܒȷ25 Ȅ 2:98ԑғԒ஠ΞܚৱጒடऋᏰਮ׽ڙ࣏ৱጒᏰ଱ȂϫϷ឴ᇃᢊࣸᇄᇃѕѿᆓᗒȂ2::2 ԑଶᇃѕѿҳৱጒᏰ଱ϫᗵ឴ᇃѕѿѴȂڏᎷΤܚৱጒᏰ଱׽ᗵఀىഋՄ࣏୽ҳৱጒ Ᏸ଱ȄৱጒᏰ଱ܣԝଽϛ౳ཾҡȂওཾѲԑȂ౳ཾڥுᏰρᏰ՝ȂᖠЛᇄϛᏰఀৱࣺ ӣȄৱጒᏰ଱ுߣ೩໌ওഋȂ॒೰௰ଢ଼୽ωఀৱӵᙛ໌ওώհ)؃༪ོȂ3112Ȃॲ331*Ȅ! ! ! ৱጒᏰ଱׽ڙߑ෈ϫᙟ௴ڥϴາڙ࡙உىৱጒҡȂᇄৱடਢфࣺӣȂৱጒఀىϫ ࣏୽ড়உىޟܒ፴ȂڎԤᐿլܒᇄΙϯܒȄ2:98ԑᇃᢊࡇҀ၌ᝒȂࢇݽᕗცംᅚᗚө ࢇឩፐएᄇҳȃޥོၼଢ଼ࠏᑹޟ׋७ȄΙٲҕ໢ఀى׽ღᡝ๖ӫࢇݽІᄇΨ໔Ȃौؑ ҕкȃՌҥȃ໠ܹȃӻϯޟఀى׽८Ȅ७ᄇ೻Ιݰᇃᢊࢇငȃޥོᡐ᎐ȂӨПࢇݽُ ΨାތȂఀىؚ๊ޟႆแᇄ๖ݎቨ఺ࢇݽ᠌ΨϭΣޟፒᚕܒȂڏϛৱၥᆓၾӻϯϽޟ

13 䫮侭㚦䴻⯙嬨䚩䩳㕘䪡ⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉䘬䴻槿䁢ἳ炻1983 ⸜㛔㟉攳⥳㍉⍾䓟⤛㶟␴䶐䎕ˤ 14_{㬌㗪㛶䄍⃰䓇㑼ả㔁做悐攟(1984-1987)炻⚈Ṿ↢幓ⷓ䭬㔁做側㘗⚈侴慵夾ⷓ䭬㔁做炻忪庫䁢䧵㤝㍐≽ⷓ䭬㔁} 做䘬朑㕘䘤⯽炻⛐Ṿ源㓧斄Ὢ列⤥䘬ね㱩ᶳ炻㔁做悐㰢䫾㪲庫傥䘤㎖℞≇㓰ˤ

(10)

ວؑԙ࣏Ԫݰఀ׽ޟᜰᗤϞΙȄఀىഋܻ2:9:ԑхΞܚৱ଱໠ᒲᏰρࡣ୽ωৱၥੲ 26 ȂܣԝΙૡσᏰ଱ਮᏰρ౳ཾҡࢊоఀىᏰϷȂΙП७џ׹ΣࡨሯޟωᏰৱၥѿൟȂ ѪП७෵ጥৱၥஉىپྛᚾᘞޟᔆΨȄ2::5ԑϴҀȮৱၥஉىݲȯڥфȮৱጒఀىݲȯȂ ғԒࡇ֙ৱၥஉىᆓၾӻϯϽਢфޟپᖝȂৱጒఀىϚӔڎԤᚾᘞᐿσܒȂ๝ϠΙૡ σᏰ೩ҳϛωᏰఀىᏰแஉىৱၥȂৱጒᏰ଱ζംᅚ෵ЍϴາҡӪ᚞Ȃ׽࣏ᇄΙૡσ ᏰϞఀىᏰแ௴ՌາওಬӣኺӴ՝Ȅȶৱၥஉىݲȷࠌ໠ܹΙૡσᏰ೩ҳȶఀىᏰแ ϛЖȷ27 ೣგȶఀىᏰแȷȂϛωᏰৱၥஉى௴ȶᏰแϽȷޟᙛࠉ28 ȃᄂಬڍ໦ࢲ೽ႆ ڥுӫਿఀৱஈྱȂ3113ԑȮৱၥஉىݲȯওॏ࣏ᙛࠉȃᄂಬȃᔮۡέ໦ࢲ29 ೽ႆП ڥுӫਿఀৱᜌਪȄϛωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊σᡐ८Ȃٺনپϴາҡڙ࡙ᙽᡐ࣏Ռາҡ௩ ࢊȂॎหԒஉىᡐԙᓽരԒޟѿൟϽᗍөȄԤᜰᏽࡣר୽ωᏰৱၥஉىڙ࡙ޟᡐ८ԃ ყ2Ȅ! ৱጒᏰਮ! 2:56.2:71! }! ৱጒடऋᏰਮ! 2:71.2:98! }! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ᏸρࡣৱၥੲ!!!!!!!!!ৱጒᏰ଱! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2:9:.3115!!!!!!!!!!2:98.3116! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! }!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!}! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ఀىᏰแ!!!!!!!!!!ఀىσᏰ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2::5.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3116.

!

ყ 2! ᏽࡣר୽ωᏰৱၥஉىڙ࡙ޟᡐ८! ၥਟپྛȈंـޱՌ՗ᇧհȄ!

15_{1980 ⸜ẋ⮷⬠⬠漉⃺䪍Ṣ㔠ㆸ攟⾓忇炻⮷⬠㟉㔠㽨⡆炻㔁ⷓ暨㯪慷Ṏ䚠⮵⡆⣂炻ⷓ䭬⬠昊㬋夷➡做䘬ⷓ屯⯂} ᶵ嵛ὃㅱ㇨㚱䘬⮷⬠ⷓ屯ⶪ⟜炻㔁做悐忪攳㓦ᶨ凔⣏⬠昊㟉䘬⬠⢓⼴ⷓ屯䎕炻Ữṵ䓙ⷓ䭬⬠昊屈屔攳彎ˤ 16_{ᷳ⼴炻㓡䁢ˬⷓ屯➡做ᷕ⽫˭}_ˤ 17_{ᷕ⬠㔁做⬠䦳⬠↮ 26炻⮷⬠㔁做⬠䦳⬠↮ 40ˤ} 18_{⃰⇵ℑ昶㭝䘬⮎佺䁢ᶨ⸜炻⮎佺㛇攻㓧⹄䴎Ḱ 8000 ⃫⮎佺㳍層炻䴻ⷓ➡㨇㥳冯⮎佺㨇㥳娵⎗⼴忂忶⇅㩊炻ℵ} ⟙军⛘㕡ᷣ䭉㔁做㨇斄墯㩊㟠⭂ˤ忂ⷠ斄挝⛐㕤㗗⏎⇅㩊忂忶炻墯㩊⁭㗗⼊⺷娵⎗ˤᾖ妪㱽Ẍ⼴䘬ᶱ昶㭝ᷳ ⮎佺㓡䁢⋲⸜炻⮎佺䓇暨冒Ẁ⮎佺⬠↮屣炻䃉⮎佺㳍層炻忂忶⋲⸜⮎佺侫㟠⼴炻ℵ忂忶㔁ⷓ㩊⭂侫娎炻㚨⼴ㇵ傥⍾⼿㔁ⷓ嫱㚠ˤ

(11)

୤ȃωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ᡐ८ޟᐣѬӰશϷݙ!

Ιȃৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟРҏ዁ԒWT/छ୽዁Ԓ!

! ! ҕ୽࡚ҳߑ෈Ȃר୽ఀى዁Ԓ۽៉఼ґϞҽਝРҏȂ௴ϛѵ໱᠌ޟ՗ࢇ዁ԒȂω Ᏸৱၥஉىᐠᄺкौ࣏ࢇۺᒲ౩Ȅ2:33ԑѕࢷࢇۺႵշޟЇԘᏰڙȂڧڗछ୽ఀىࡦ དޟኇ៪ࣥσȂωᏰՍଽϛ௴ϲέέᏰڙȂଽϛџ೩ညৱጒऋȂኀଶωᏰৱၥஉىҥ ৱጒᏰਮᚾᘞޟӴ՝Ȅ೨ӻࣸ஠ৱጒᏰਮځΣଽϛȂᙤ࢈଒ࢇӬᆧȂڥੑৱጒҡޟϴ າ࡟ႄ)ϛ୽ఀىᏰོкጡȂ2:75Ȃॲ9.:*Ȅ৘٤ғ)2:74*ᇯ࣏Ԫਢ෈࣏ר୽ৱጒఀ ىޟ૾ဣ෈ȂકᚽৱጒఀىޟᐿҳفಛȂڥੑৱጒҡϴາ࡟ႄȂоमωᏰఀৱޟپྛ ࢝ᆑ)ॲ63.64*Ȅ2:33ԑר୽ఀىࢇ๊ҥРҏ዁Ԓٖөछ୽዁ԒȂкौڧר୽੼छᏰ υΡኵᗍӻȂ2:2:ԑ؇ࡄ)Kpio!Efxfz-!296:.2:63*پᇃࡇ༈ఀىࡦདԤᜰȄछ୽ৱ ጒఀىޟี৤ᗶԤڧලᏇρޟ዁Ԓኇ៪ȂծٮҐԙ࣏ৱၥஉىޟкࢺȂछ୽ৱၥஉى ϫณ࢐ӻϯޟᆓၾПԒȂиωᏰఀৱӴ՝ᇄ࡟ႄ୑ճȂᜲ֜ЕᓺؾΡϗ׹Σஅᙃఀى ޟ՗Ӗ)ඇྶഽȂ311:cȂॲ4:5.4:6Ȃ!3121Ȃॲ76.77*Ȅৱጒఀىӵछ୽ٮҐڧڗල ႇޟ१ຜȂఀىޟ௡ڙ᠌ӵӨԎᇄӨӴПȂᇄר୽༈ಛޟ൵ৱ१ၾᇄϛѵ໱᠌ࢇݽ዁ ԒፐएȄԪਢ෈੼छΡρኇ៪ήޟఀىࢇ๊ȂҐ૖ࡦષ୽௑࢐֏ϚӣȂ࢐֏ڎԤᛧۡ ޟࢇݽȃငᔼ׋༖ᇄԙዣޟޥୢϴҕМϽ้ࣺᜰ଩ৈనӇ୰ᚠȂ஠ৱၥஉىᏲөछ୽ Ͻޟ዁Ԓี৤Ȅ! ! ! 2:43ԑ୽ҕࢇۺႵշȮৱጒᏰਮݲȯȂೣጒৱጒᏰਮоᐿҳ೩ည࣏নࠌȂи๝Ϡ ৱጒҡϴາ࡟ႄᇄϷีȂᗶᡗَࢇۺ१ຜৱጒᏰਮȂ௙Ԫਢଽϛϫџ೩ညৱጒऋȂխ Ԥ௴छ୽ᇄРҏৱၥஉى዁Ԓޟ׷૿ПԒȄ2:57ԑᏽࡣ୽ҕࢇۺনᔣۡȶᏽࡣӨࣸѿ ϤԑৱጒఀىᄂࢊПਰȷȂ೽хӨࣸΙࡡࢊ՗Ȃ෈ܻϤԑϱஉᎴৱጒҡϤΪ࿲ΡȂծ Ӱ୽ӓϱᏽՄᎅఁȄԪϐᡗҰ୽ҕࢇۺ१ຜৱጒఀىȂభ஠ωᏰఀৱ׸ᅋᏰਮఀৱڷ ӴПޥོఀىޟЛ࢘Ȅ2:56ԑ୽ҕࢇۺ௥ԝᇃᢊȂଶభўଶРҏȶࣲҕϽȷՄ࣏ȶϛ ୽Ͻȷఀىࡦདᇄࢇݽཎᜋ࠮ᄘȂஅҏΰӵωᏰৱၥஉىޟࢇ๊ϫ࢐Ӱ᠛Рҏ዁ԒȄ ௴ڥϛѵ໱᠌ȂᐙҳৱጒᏰਮ࣏ωᏰৱၥஉىޟкࢺȂ๝Ϡৱጒҡϴາ࡟ႄᇄώհϷ ีȄРݽਢ෈ৱጒҡ֜Е೴ጏծᓺؾᏰυȂϚ༉ߴ໌ޥོ໦઻ޟࢺଢ଼Ȃһ൨ҳᇃᢊω Ᏸᓺؾৱၥޟશ፴Ȅᏽࡣ୽ҕࢇۺᗶݼҢРҏޟϴາҡࢇ๊ȂծࠓҐԃРҏॖ୽кဎ

(12)

๝ϠωᏰఀৱМۢᇄ଩ቔޟ੫᠌ຫ኉Ȃᡱఀৱלຫӱᘪϛ୽༈ಛᏐড়МϽȄѪП७Ȃ Рݽґ෈ϐ஠ৱጒᏰਮඪЀՍடऋแ࡙ȂծԪਢ୽ҕࢇۺޟৱጒᏰਮࠓ឴ϛᏰแ࡙Ȃ ӵԪڙ࡙ፐएήȂഅԙഋϷᇃᝲৱጒҡޟϚᅖȂһԤഋϷৱጒҡӰՄೝ௢ΣΠΠΤٱ Ӈޟॳኸ)༁⨹൩Ȃ3111Ȃॲ57.5:*Ȃӵᏽࡣߑ෈ีҡМϽፐएᇄᇯӣޟҭࣽȄ! ! ! 2:5:ԑϛѵࢇۺ᎐ᇃࡣȂ࣏଄ڥѶўσചόݬޟఀଋȂё஼έҕкဎᇄ܆ឩདྷ୽ ޟࢇݽཎᜋȂᑖྃ१ຜৱጒఀىȂᘗቨৱጒᏰਮ๝ϠωᏰৱၥΙϯϽޟஉىࢇ๊Ȃӑ ࡣ஠ωᏰৱၥ௃ଽϛඪЀՍடऋแ࡙ȄԪਢޟৱၥஉىࢇ๊ȂٖРҏޟఀى዁ԒȄ2:98 ԑ၌ᝒࡣȂωᏰৱၥஉىඪЀՍσᏰแ࡙Ȃᓍ๿ҕкϽޟ׽८੏ዘȂႆўҥৱጒ଱ਮ ᚾᘞޟΙϯϽஉى዁Ԓೝ҈કȂം؏௃ܣԝᏰρࡣৱၥੲ2: ڗΙૡσᏰџኄ೩ఀىᏰ แஉىৱၥȂӻϯϽᇄѿൟϽޟఀى዁Ԓ֕౪Ȃٖөछ୽ޟఀى዁ԒȄӰԪȂҬࠉ୽ ϱޟωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊Ȃஅҏΰ༊өछ୽ޟఀى዁ԒȄר୽ωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊௃Рҏ ዁Ԓڗछ୽዁ԒȂधࡣ౏ڧࢇݽᕗცޟᡐϽኇ៪ՄԤܚᡐ८Ȅ!

ΠȃωᏰఀৱޟޥོӴ՝ᇄᖠЛ࡟ႄᄇৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟኇ៪!

! ! ఀৱޥོӴ՝ᇄᖠЛ࡟ႄޟӰશኇ៪ఀৱશ፴୰ᚠȂيԁޟఀৱᖠЛ࡟ႄᇄΙۡ ޟޥོӴ՝࢐֜Еᓺؾৱၥޟ१ौనӇȄר୽༈ಛᏐড়МϽ൵ৱ१ၾᆠડȂޥོΰᄇ ఀৱԤΙۡޟཱ१แ࡙Ȅӵ఼фऋᖞМϽȂԤђӪޟჩৱӵӴПΰᆗ࢐сಡ໦઻Ȃؠ ԤђӪޟჩৱԑԝΣζ࢐Ιૡ഼ଢ଼ޱޟኵॻࣥՍΪॻоΰȄ31 ҕ୽ࡣኀଶࡔڙȂωᏰ ఀৱޟޥོӴ՝൷Ϛԃࡔڙਢ෈٥ኺதଽȂёΰࢇݽޥོ׋༖ଢ଼ᕝȂᗶ૖ӰৱጒᏰਮ ٴԤϴາ࡟ႄᇄᛧۡޟώհ߳ᜌȂ֜ЕഋϷ఼൱ޟᓺؾυך൷᠞ȂծӰ࿋ਢωᏰఀৱ ޟᖠၥ࡟ႄཌᖡ32 ȂѴࣨցᇶ้ӰશՄᙽཾޱӻȂٺৱၥશ፴ලႇՄِճӛ)ឃ໴৫Ȃ 3118Ȃॲ241*Ȅ೻ٺுৱၥஉىюӫਿޟఀৱȂࠓϚ૖хڏ੼ӈԊЖܻωᏰఀىώհȂ Ԫৱၥஉىࢇ๊Ԥڏ࿋ਢޥོᕗცӰશޟ३ڙȄ! !

19_{⛐ⷓ屯➡做㱽枺Ựẍ⇵炻⎬ⷓ昊㊃㓞⬠⢓⼴ⷓ屯䎕䘬㓧䫾炻⍿⇘劙⚳ 1980 ⸜ˬ⬠⢓⼴㔁做嫱㚠˭(PGCE)䘬} ⼙枧ˤ㚱斄劙⚳ⷓ屯➡做㓧䫾䘬㺼嬲炻⍫夳␐ヂ㔯(1995炻枩 143-187)ˤ 20_{㶭ẋ⠦ⷓ栆Ụ⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䘬┇呁㔁做炻䁢ᶨ䣦㚫昶Ⰼ炻ℏ↮ℑᾳⰌ㫉烉ᶨ㗗⭞⠫屏⭺炻嬨㚠≃⬠Ữ㛒䌚䥹冱≇} ⎵侭炻㬌䁢⣂㔠烊⎎ᶨ䁢⍾⼿≇⎵侭侴㛒傥ℍṽ侭炻ㆾ ⭀塓伟溄侭炻ㆾᶵ佺㕤⭀⟜㔯⊾侭炻ṾᾹ⛐䣦㚫ᶲ 㚱ᶨ⭂䘬⎵倚冯⛘ỵ(哋䲼䃎炻2007炻枩 26炻110)ˤ 21_{1936 ⸜ˬ㇨⼿䦭㙓埴㡅ἳ˭䴎Ḱ⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⃵䦭⼭忯炻䚖䘬⛐䔁ỷ⮷⬠㔁ⷓˤỮẍ䔞㗪⮷⬠㔁ⷓ啒㓗ᶵ檀炻⃵} 䦭⮎岒㓰䙲ᶵ⣏ˤ

(13)

! ! Рݽਢ෈ᇃᢊ෥ҕࢇۺၼҢϴᏰਮհ࣏Ⴝ݈ᇃᢊΡࣲ࣏ҕޟցᏢȂ๝ϠϴᏰਮఀ ৱதଽޟޥོӴ՝ȂᗶณڏᖠЛ࡟ႄϚЅᚂৱᇄࡡৱȂծۦ૖ྣႹȂ֜Е೨ӻᓺؾυ ך൷᠞Ȅ୽ҕࢇۺ௥ԝᇃᢊϞࡣȂϚӔоРݽਢ෈٥ኺ੫տо݈၆ຫ኉ޟࡄ᠌ಒጆ኿ ҰȂωᏰৱၥ௃Рݽޟடऋแ࡙६ڗϛᏰแ࡙Ȃσചپᇃఀৱޟશ፴୤৯ϚቆȂӔё ΰ׽෉඲фޟМϽፐएӰશȂӵ௥ԝߑ෈౰ҡϚӣधශৱၥஉىఀৱϞ໢ޟᑑӫ୰ ᚠȄᗶณωᏰఀৱޟޥོӴ՝Ԥܚ६ճȂծӰϛѵࢇۺϫݼ᠛Рݽϴາ࡟ႄஉىৱጒ ҡᇄ൷ཾޟώհ߳ራȂϫ૖֜Е೨ӻড়ც೴ጏᓺؾᏰυൢՃȂᓃڥ౥һϚৠܾ33 Ȅӵ 2::1ԑфоࠉȂᇃᢊωᏰఀৱޟᖠЛ࡟ႄᆗϛ้Ȃ᝷៉ٴԤջโ࡟ႄȂᗶԤЍഋϷఀ ৱആႆЀᏰᙽཾ34 ȂծᐌᡝՄِۦ૖᝷៉֜ЕᓺؾᏰυёΣఀৱޟ՗ӖȄ2::1ԑоࡣȂ ᇃᢊώ୦ཾငᔼีႀȂࢇۺσൽඪ݇ϴఀΡষᖠЛ࡟ႄȂωᏰఀৱޟଔᖠ຺ູσᏰМ ᏵМऋ౳ཾޱȂи݈୛ΙۡԑၥࡣٴԤᓺෳޟТଝঀڙ࡙Ȃӵ3111ԑоࡣᇃᢊငᔼം ᅚ૾ଝᒃనϞሬȂఀৱώհϐԙ࣏ȶߜ໻࿧ȷȂ3117ԑϴҳωᏰғԒఀৱᅷᒵᓃڥ౥ ӵ2&оή)ඇྶഽȂ311:bȂॲ488*Ȃ֕౪ᔠકᓞޟዥߞᙛཾȄ! ! ! ఀৱᖠЛ࡟ႄٹȂՌณ૖֜ЕᓺؾᏰҡ൷᠞Ȃఀৱޟࢺଢ଼౥ճՄ૖៉੼ᓺؾৱ ၥȂԪᡗҰר୽१ຜيৱᑹ୽ޟيԁৱၥஉىࢇ๊Ȅᇄछ୽ࣺၶȂछ୽ωᏰఀৱޥོ Ӵ՝ϚଽȂఀৱଔᖠճܻΙૡσᏰМᏵޱȂᜲ֜ЕᓺؾᏰυ൷᠞Ȃఀৱࢺଢ଼౥һଽȂ ࣏छ୽ఀىᏰޱܚၜ੾)Ixtt-!3115Ȃॲ213.218*ȄШၶᇃᢊȃРҏڷछ୽ӵωᏰఀ ৱޟޥོӴ՝ڷᖠЛ࡟ႄП७ȂᇃᢊڷРҏࣺߖȂ๝ϠఀৱၶٹޟᖠЛ࡟ႄȂо੼՞ ᓺؾΡϗ)ඇྶഽȂ311:cȂॲ4:7.4:9*Ȅ!

έȃܒտӰશӵৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟᡐ८!

! ! নҏτυฒݲ໌ΣৱጒᏰஆޟೣۡȂ2:17ԑ఼ࢇۺᏰഋও׽ೣۡȂܻЈࢻ೩ҳѕ ࢷτυৱጒᏰஆȂ࣏ϛ୽ശԞ೩ҳޟτυৱጒᏰஆȄ2:18ԑᏰഋॏۡȶτυৱጒᏰஆ ണแȷȂՌԪτυৱጒᏰஆғԒԙ࣏ᏰڙޟᡝفȂкौ࣏உىωᏰޟৱၥȄᗶณτυ ுܻ໌ΣৱጒᏰஆȂծϫ௴ظτԤտޟ༈ಛಬ߹ȂՄϷ໠೩ϞȄ൷፞แՄِȂߑ઻ظ τৱጒޟ፞แԤܚ৯౴ȂظҡԤওಬȶ᠞ငᖿငȷȃȶಬԅȷऋҬȂτҡࠌฒȇτҡԤ

22 ẍ⯷㜙ⷓ䭬⬠㟉䁢ἳ炻1947-1950 ⸜ᷳ⸛⛯抬⍾䌯↮⇍䁢 23.47%ˣ26.94%ˣ19.87%ˣ19.39%(⯷㜙ⷓ䭬⬠㟉䶐炻 1956炻屛ᷳ 2)ˤ 23_{㚱⣂⮹㭼ἳ䘬䓟⤛㔁ⷓ廱㤕炻䚖⇵⯂㛒㚱Ṣ⮰柴䞼䨞炻㛒Ἦ⎗㍊妶ᷳˤ}

(14)

ওಬড়ٱȃຘᖁȃЙ᛺ȃॱዅѲऋȂظҡࠌฒȇظҡওಬȶിސȷȃȶ౩ϽȷȂτҡࠌ ӫऋ࣏ȶਿސȷ)ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོȂ2:45Ȃॲ417.418*Ȅ೻ᡗҰظτৱጒ ҡӵ፞แޟϱৠΰȂಒᔖظτޥོܒտϷ᜸ޟ༈ಛቋ঄ᢎȄҕ୽ߑԑظτৱጒϷਮܣ ҡȂӵ፞แΰһ౱Ԥ৯౴Ȃτυоড়ٱȃ༪᛺ЅᖁखȂф෇ظυޟၻཾܖ୦ཾȄ2:33 ԑࡣৱጒᏰਮ௴ظτϷਮܖϷੲПԒȂӵ፞แΰ༉Ԥτυಬড়ࢇᇄ៖౩ᇄظҡԤտȂ ڏᎷฒЊσ৯౴)ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོȂ2:45Ȃॲ421.422*ȂԪ዁Ԓσम۽៉ Ս୽ҕࢇۺ᎐ᇃࠉޟϛ୽σചӴୢȄ! ! ! Рݽਢ෈ިࡻظτԤտޟᏐড়МϽ༈ಛȂظτఀىᡗ౪ܒտϷ᜸ޟޥོ༈ಛቋ঄ ᢎȄРݽߑ෈ᖂ࿜ۺ୽ᇭᏰਮ಑έߣ឴ᏰਮޟЙ᛺ऋ౳ཾϞτҡȂџшӈϴᏰਮড়ٱ ऋτఀষȄ2:2:ԑᇃᢊఀىхႵշȂτυଽ้ල೽ᏰਮԤߣ೩ৱጒऋȂ౳ཾޱџш࿋ ωᏰఀষȄ2:39ԑᇃѕ಑ΙৱጒᏰਮ೩ညϴᏰਮτυᅋಬऋȂԙ࣏ॶԩৱጒᏰਮܣԝ τৱጒҡޟӑٽȂծՍРݽ๖؂ȂҐ೩ညᐿҳޟτυৱጒᏰਮ )஻શᆆȂ2:96Ȃॲ 5:3.5:4*Ȅӵ፞แП७Ȃ፞แऋҬଶড়ࢇП७ᇄظυԤ৯౴ѴȂӵऋҬਢኵΰၶظυ ৱጒҡ౱෵ȄРݽਢ෈ϴᏰਮσ࣏ܰظܒఀৱȂτܒఀৱᆗЍኵ35 ȂᡗَРҏ෥ҕࢇ ۺҐ१ຜωᏰτఀৱȄ2:56ԑ୽ҕࢇۺ೩ҳᇃѕτυৱጒᏰਮ36 Ȃ2:65ԑቨ೩ଽ໰τ υৱጒᏰਮ37 ȂԤᐿҳ೩ညޟτυৱጒᏰਮȂڏтоظυ࣏кޟৱጒᏰਮһԤܣԝЍ ໔ޟτҡੲ38 Ȅӵ፞แП७ȂଶΟড়ࢇᇄ៖౩፞แ৯౴ѴȂڏᎷฒϷտȄӵظτԤտ ޟ߳ԈᙄఀήȂظτৱጒҡϷੲܖϷਮ೩ညȂӵᏰਮޟଋىᆓఀΰζ௴࿱ፙᠾདྷᇄظ τ߳ࡻຽᚔޟೣጒȂ೻ᆍႤᚔ௩ࢊौޢڗ2:91ԑфՌҥॳ੉ᅚ໠ϗ၌ଶᆓڙ39 Ȅৱጒ டऋᏰਮਢ෈ȂӵܒտܣҡП७௴ڥσघ2Ш2ޟПԒȂᆰࡻҐپ୽ωఀৱظτܒտޟ ҁᒋȂծӵৱட׽ڙ࣏ৱ଱ࡣӰ௴ڥσᏰᖒܣȂฒظτܒտ௡ڙȂτܒ൷᠞Ρኵംᅚ ӻܻظܒȂҬࠉϐ࢐ഛ౾໨૾ޟ౪ຫ3: Ȅӵৱ଱ਢ෈ޟظτܒտѶᒋ௑ݷȂёΰఀৱ ᅷᒵਢτܒၶ૖ߝ෈׹ΣᔖՃՄӻ૖ಳᑗՄюޟӰશȂ౪໦ࢲ౪ᙛ୽ωظτఀৱܒտ

24_{ẍ㕘⯳℔⬠㟉䁢ἳ炻⣏㬋㗪㛇炻⤛㔁ⷓ⁭Ỽ 13.51炴烊㇘䇕㗪㛇⤛㔁ⷓ㭼ἳ䁢 26.47炴(ỽㅞ⤪炻2009炻枩 308-309)ˤ} 25_{1964 ⸜㓡⇞䁢䚩䩳冢⊿⤛⫸ⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉炻1967 ⸜㓡晠冢⊿ⶪ䩳⤛⫸ⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉炻1979 ⸜㓡⎵䁢冢⊿ⶪ} 䩳ⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉炻䓟⤛ℤ㓞ˤ1987 ⸜㓡⇞䁢冢⊿ⶪ䩳ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻2005 ⸜㓡⇞䁢冢⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠ˤ 26_{1967 ⸜㓡⇞䁢䚩䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻1980 㓡晠⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻1989 ⸜㚜⎵䁢⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ˤ} 27_{1960 ⸜⚳ℏⷓ䭬⮰䥹⬠㟉㊃㓞䓟䓇 133 Ṣ炻⤛䓇 4 Ṣ烊1970 ⸜䓟䓇 4090 Ṣ炻⤛䓇 4016 Ṣ烊1981 ⸜䓟䓇 3950} Ṣ炻⤛䓇 4205 Ṣ炻栗夳䓟⤛䓇Ṣ㔠⶚䚠䔞(冢䀋䚩㔯䌣⥼⒉㚫䶐⌘炻1993炻枩 798)ˤ 28_{ẍ㕘䪡ⷓ⮰䁢ἳ炻1983 ⸜攳⥳䓟⤛⎰䎕䘬䶐䳬ˤ} 29_{ẍ㕘䪡㔁做⣏⬠㔁做䲣⣏⬠悐䁢ἳ炻䓟䓇䲬Ỽ䷥㔠䘬 20炴ˤ}

(15)

Ѷᒋޟ௑ݷ؁ᡗ݂ᡗ41 ȄఀৱޟظτܒտӰશ࢐֏ኇ៪ωᏰఀىࠢ፴Ȃ঄ுᏰࣨ౏Σ ंـȄ!

ѲȃॎหԒᇄᓽരԒৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟᡐ८!

! ! ӵৱၥஉىҥ୽ড়ΙϯϽᚾᘞஉىਢ෈ȂࢇۺՃ໔ϴາৱጒҡᇄ୽ωጡڙғԒఀ ৱᖠЛ଒ࢇЛюޟ॒ᐊӰશȂܚ௴ڥৱጒҡஉىΡኵޟॎหԒஉىࢇ๊Ȃᡗுࣺᄇ߳ ԈȂฒݲᅖٗಒӫӵΡοюҡ౥ϫԙߝ໦ࢲޟωᏰৱၥѿൟȄӰԪȂᇃᢊӵ3111ԑо ࠉωᏰఀৱၥਿޟϚӫਿШ౥ࣺᄇଽ)ԃߒ2*Ȃ࣏ΟӰᔖ2:98ԑ၌ᝒࡣఀ׽ڳᢱৱၥ உىᆓၾӻϯϽоЅ෵ЍфҢఀৱШٽȂӨৱ଱໠ᒲ୽ωᏰρࡣৱၥੲȇѪП७ӵ 2::5ԑৱၥஉىݲڥфৱጒఀىݲȂ໠ܹΙૡσᏰ೩ҳఀىᏰแȄҥܻ࣏ဣᄂఀ׽ོ к஻ޟωੲωਮࢇ๊ȂωᏰৱၥஉىσ໔௴ڥᓽരԒޟஉىࢇ๊ȂҐ૖ᝒᙱӴຟեЍ υϽΡοҡى๖ᄺޟᡐϽȂमٺ౰ҡܚᒝȶࢺ੏ఀৱȷޟ୰ᚠȄ! ! ߒ 2! ר୽ωᏰఀৱၥਿϚӫਿШٽ! 58 ⬠⸜⹎(1969-1970) 28.94炮 65 ⬠⸜⹎(1976-1977) 12.54炮 78 ⬠⸜⹎(1989-1990) 11.54炮 86 ⬠⸜⹎(1997-1998) 10.51炮 91 ⬠⸜⹎(2002-2003) 2.57炮 ຝȈ69Ѕ76Ᏸԑ࡙߽оᇃᢊࣸωᏰఀৱᏰᐣ࣏ଽϛȃ୽ϛЅڏтޱ࣏ϚӫਿॎᆗȄ! ၥਟپྛȈᇃᢊࣸࢇۺఀىᢈ)2:81Ȃॲ239.23:Ȃ2:88Ȃॲ247.248Ȃ2::9Ȃॲ34*ȇఀىഋ)2::1Ȃ ॲ78*ȇఀىഋϛഋᒲϴࡉ)3114Ȃॲ34*ȄंـޱՌ՗ᇧߒȄ! ! ! ! ࣏ΟӰᔖωᏰৱၥஉىѿൟႆ഻ޟ୰ᚠȂఀىഋΙП७ौؑఀىσᏰՍЍሯौᄇ ৱஉҡ෵໔6ԙоήȂѪП७ആႆৱஉຟᠦПԒᄇຟᠦϚٹޱ෵ЍৱஉӪ᚞Ȃהఖ෵ ጥܚᒝȶࢺ੏ఀৱȷᇄȶ຺᚞ఀৱȷ୰ᚠȄٱᄂΰȂωᏰఀৱஉىႆ഻ޟкӰϚӵ໠ ܹΙૡσᏰҧ೩ωఀᏰแȂӰ࣏೻ഋϷΡኵܚլШٽྃճȂкӰӵܻৱடᙽ࠮࣏ৱ଱

30_{㔁做悐䴙妰嗽䘬屯㕁栗䣢炻2008 ⸜ㆹ⚳⮷⬠⤛㔁ⷓ㭼ἳ䁢 68.5炴(㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炻2008)ˤỮ㬌㔠㒂炻ṵ⊭⏓} ⷓ⮰㗪㛇䓟⤛㔁ⷓ⸛堉㭼ἳ䘬Ṣ㔠炻⚈㬌䃉㱽⬴ℐ㍐Ộ 1991 ⸜ẍ⼴䘬䓟⤛㔁ⷓ㭼ἳ↮㜸ˤ

(16)

ࡣᘗσಢᙑೣ዁ՌณቨёюৱஉӪ᚞ȂоЅӨৱ଱σ໔ܣԝᏰρࡣৱၥੲΡኵܚम 42 ȄӵωᏰఀৱᅷᒵᓃڥ౥ӵ2&ѾѡȂ౰ҡ൷ཾюၯޟ୰ᚠȄᗶณωᏰఀৱޟᖠЛ࡟ ႄٹȂхΡᆎဏȂӵؠԤϴາҡ൷ཾ߳ራᇄఀᅷᓃڥ౥ྃճޟ௑ݷήȂᜲ֜Еᓺؾશ ፴ᇄ൷᠞ଢ଼ᐠཎ᜹஼ޱȂ஠לԙఀىσᏰৱஉᐠᄺҡԆΰޟӠᐠȄᇃᢊωᏰৱஉ௃Ѝ ໔ޟॎหԒڗ࡙ྃᘗ஻ޟᓽരԒ዁ԒȂڏᄇৱၥશ፴ᇄடཾஉىЫҁ࢐֏૖ᆰᛮȂ঄ ு໌Ι؏௤ـȄ! !

ဓȃ࿋ࠉωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟᔮଆ!

ΙȃৱၥஉىᆓၾӻϯϽᇄடཾϽޟፐए୰ᚠ!

! ! ޥོ׽८ᗍөՌҥȃҕкᇄӻϯȂϚџ૖१ӱ୽ড়ॎหᆓڙޟࡄ᠌዁ԒȄծՌҥ ໠ܹٮߨܹӈϚᆓȂϫ໸ԤΙৈޟၽᔛೣࠌȂ१ᘈ࢐ӵ஼፡ӻϯ໠ܹϞሬȂϚ૖܇౱ டཾՌкȄৱၥஉىᆓၾӻϯϽџ࣏ৱၥશᎴளپϚӣᏰऋधශޱȂծ๘Ϛ૖ែࣘৱ ၥஉى၎ԤޟடཾᇄᝒᙱޟஉىႆแȄ2:9:ԑ໠ܹᏰρࡣৱၥੲܣҡȂ௴Ιԑޟഀԙ ПԒஉىȂ3116ԑϐୄᒲωఀޟᏰρࡣৱၥੲȄఀىσᏰܖΙૡσᏰޟωᏰఀىᏰแ ࠓଔՄфϞᏰρࡣৱၥੲ዁ԒȂᇄ༈ಛޟৱஉفܚࣺၶȂϐႀ5ԙѾѡ43 Ȅ໠ܹৱၥᆓ ၾࡣȂΙૡσᏰኄݿҧ೩ఀىᏰแȂҐ҆Ճ໔ৱஉϛЖৱၥষ᚞࢐֏шٗڷӨऋఀ؅ ఀݲ࢐֏૖ײڗᆎᙛৱၥޟ୰ᚠȂڏϛωᏰఀىᏰแᇄϛᏰఀىᏰแޟ឴ܒϚӣȂӵ Ԫݰৱၥஉى׽८ၼଢ଼ϛȂ݂ᡗӴൊѶৱၥஉىޟடཾᇄᝒᙱȄ! ! ! ωᏰϫоѓੲڙ࣏кȂωᏰᏲৱᐌРᇄ၎ੲᏰҡ࣏ӂȂӰԪӵӨሴ୿ఀ؅ఀݲᇄ ੲ઻ငᕊᄂ୛ᇄ౩፣ȂоЅԃդ஠Ᏸऋޣᜋ྅܈Ңȶ็ِ็ᇭȷޟࡦՃᡒᒮЕᏲᏰ็Ȃ ೻࢐ωᏰఀৱޟடཾȂϚӣܻϛᏰఀৱоᏰऋޣᜋҏ՝ڷϛᏰҡ૖ၼҢܪຫࡦᆰޟᡒ ᒮȄωᏰఀىᏰแȂᗶԤও51এᏰϷȂծఀ؅ఀݲ༉ᒵ3.4এሴ୿ȂҐᝒਿೣጒ҆໸

31_{ẍ 1995-2005 ⸜⹎䘬⮷⬠ⷓ➡Ṣ㔠侴妨炻ⷓ昊䓇㚱 39,901 Ṣ炻⬠⢓⼴ⷓ屯䎕㚱 17,930 Ṣ炻㔁做⬠䦳㚱 9,025} Ṣ(㔁做悐炻2006炻枩 209)炻㔁做⬠䦳Ṣ㔠⁭Ỽ㬌㗪㛇䷥㔠䘬 13.5%炻⎗夳ⷓ䭬昊㟉㇨➡梲䘬ⷓ昊䓇␴⬠⢓⼴ ⷓ屯䎕ㇵ㗗䳽⣏⣂㔠ˤ 32 ẍ 2005-2009 ⸜⹎䁢ἳ炻㔁做⣏⬠ㆾᶨ凔⣏⬠(忂ⷠ㗗㊯▱佑ˣ⎘㜙ˣ⎘⋿䫱⍇㛔ⷓ䭬⬠昊廱✳䁢䵄⎰⿏⣏⬠ 栆✳)ⷓ➡䲣⬠䓇㚱 10949 Ṣ炻㔁做⣏⬠ㆾᶨ凔⣏⬠䘬⮷⬠㔁做⬠䦳㚱 7785 Ṣ炻ẍ㔁做⬠䦳㧉⺷➡做䘬⮷㔁 ⷓ屯㬌㗪㛇䲬Ỽ䷥㔠䘬 41.5%(㔁做悐炻2010炻枩 380)ˤ

(17)

ওᇭМᇄኵᏰఀ؅ఀݲ44 ȂиఀᏰᄂಬ፞แ༉ΙᏰ෈Ȃӻо୤ᢎَಬ࣏кȂᜲԤੲ઻ ငᕊᇄᄂሬఀᏰޟᖝחငᡛȄ೻ᆍఀىᏰแ዁ԒȂᝒਿՄِ࢐Ґ૖ಒӫωᏰৱၥடཾ ޟஉىȄܚᒝఀৱஉىᆓၾӻϯϽວؑȂϚ၎܇ຜछ୽ωᏰৱၥϫ໸ӉᒦఀىᏰแ዁ Ԓپ၌ؚωᏰৱၥϚٗᇄࢺଢ଼౥ଽޟ୽௑୰ᚠȄ2::1ԑфר୽ωᏰఀৱѿൟۦҐټႆ ܻؑȂծ3111ԑоࡣЍυϽਝᔖംᅚਗ਼౪ȂωᏰఀৱϐю౪ټႆܻؑޟ௑ݷȄҬࠉω Ᏸޟф౩ф፞ఀৱσӻڎԤఀৱᜌྱޟӫਿఀৱȂϚۣӔ௴ఀىᏰแࡹ෱Ԓޟ዁Ԓஉ ىωᏰৱၥȂՍЍӵఀىσᏰᡝفᔖӱᘪоৱஉفܚ࣏அᙃ൐՝پடߞஉىৱၥȂ௴ ᝒᙱޟᙛࠉஉىႆแȋ๿१Өऋఀ؅ఀݲᇄఀىᄂಬޟᖝח૖ΨȂ೻ኺޟৱၥஉى׽ ८ϗ૖ಒᔖடཾϽޟనӇȄ45 ଶߨఀىഋം؏ೣგωᏰఀৱጡڙষ᚞ඪЀȂቨёωᏰ ऋӈடߝఀৱШٽȂωᏰఀىᏰแӵ஼Ͻ၎ऋடߝఀ؅ఀݲޟ଩ৈࠉඪήȂܖџ௴Ң ԪᆍᏰแ዁ԒஉىȄ! ! ! ႆўৱጒᏰਮڗৱጒடऋᏰਮȂߨல१ຜৱጒҡޟȶҏᙛᏰ૖ȷȂӨऋఀ؅ఀݲ ഍ሯौᏰಬȂи஼፡ڗωᏰᖝחᄂಬޟ૖ΨȂ౳ཾࡣڗωᏰۦ૖଻ΰΰЙ)ඇྶഽȂ 3117*ȄЅՍৱጒᏰ଱ਢ෈Ȃ࣏ᖿؑৱጒҡޟᏰفடߝȂ༉ও࢚ඁ᜸ޟఀ؅ఀݲȂծ ۦ૖߳ԆڗωᏰᄂሬȶ໱ϛᄂಬȷΙএТհӒЈঐޟᖝחᄂಬȄծᓍ๿׽ڙఀىσᏰ ࡣȂৱஉ൐՝ϚӔڧڗ१ຜڷৱஉҡ൷ཾ֨ᜲޟ୰ᚠȂᏲमഋϷఀىσᏰޟӨऋఀ؅ ఀݲৱၥঠႭ46 оЅᖝחᄂಬђ૖ޟኀԓ47 Ȅڧ३ܻҐپ൷ཾ֨ᜲޟ౪ᄂӰશȂৱஉҡ ։ٺڗωᏰᖝחᄂಬȂڏཎ᜹ڷᏰಬᄘ࡙һϚष܁ܽৱጒҡᇯઍᑖྃȄ! ! !

33_{㔁做悐㕤 2010 ⸜ 5 㚰 17 㖍↥⎬ⷓ➡⣏⬠䘬⮷㔁⬠䦳ㅱ⮯⚳婆␴㔠⬠㔁㛸㔁㱽↿䁢⽭ᾖˤ劍㬌炻⯂傥⻴墄忶} ⍣䘬仢⣙ˤ 34_{῀劍㔁ⷓ㗗ᾳ⮰㤕炻⍿⇘䣦㚫㘖念䘬娵⎗䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻⮷⬠ⷓ屯➡做㓡朑炻椾⃰⽭枰㲐シ⮰㤕⊾䘬➡做忶䦳炻} ℞㫉ㇵ㗗⣂⃫⊾䘬Ⰼ朊ˤ䎦Ṳ㔁做⬠䦳䘬㧉⺷炻⛐借⇵㔁做昶㭝䘬➡妻ℏ⭡㖶栗⛐⎬柀➇䘬㔁⬠ˣ䎕䳂䴻䆇 ⮎⊁ˣ⮰㤕䱦䤆ᶲ㚱㇨ᶵ嵛炻⚈㬌借⇵㔁做䘬⮰㤕⊾䦳⹎㗗⻙⊾䘬ˤ㔁做⣏⬠㛔ẍⷓ➡䁢ᷣ天䈡刚炻ᶵ娚ẍ 㔁做⬠䦳㧉⺷➡梲⮷㔁ⷓ屯炻ㅱ⚆㬠ⷓ➡䲣㇨䘬⮰攨➡做炻ᾅỷ㔁做䘬⮰㤕⊾天㯪ˤ⎎㕡朊炻䎦Ṳ攳㓦ᶨ凔 ⣏⬠䓛姕㔁做⬠䦳炻⇯ẍ⣂⃫⊾䁢℞䈡刚炻㬋⤥⎗冯㔁做⣏⬠橼䲣ἄ䪞䇕㭼庫炻嬻ⷓ屯➡做䘬⮰㤕⊾冯⣂⃫ ⊾ᷳ攻䘬彗嫱㚱㇨㩊妶䘬䨢攻ˤ 35_{ⷓ䭬⬠昊⍇㛔℟㚱⎬䥹㔁㛸㔁㱽䘬ⷓ屯炻Ữ⚈ⷓ➡╖ỵ⺷⽖炻朆ⷓ➡䲣䘬廱✳炻喅埻ˣ䣦㚫ˣ㔠䎮ˣ婆㔯ˣ} 橼做䫱䲣⛐㔁㛸㔁㱽䘬ⷓ屯徨ẹ⼴⯙ᶵℵ倀ả忁㕡朊䘬⮰攟ⷓ屯炻⚈㬌⮶农㔁㛸㔁㱽䘬婚䦳⁭傥㈦⮎⊁㔁ⷓ ℤả炻㫈仢䎮婾冯⮎⊁忋䳸䘬⮰ả㔁ⷓˤ 36_{㕘䪡㔁做⣏⬠㔁做䲣⍇㛔嬻ⷓ➡䓇⮎佺ᶨᾳ㚰䘬⃒列⁛䴙⇞⹎炻2008 ⸜㓡䁢⁭普ᷕ⮎佺ℑ忙炻借⇵⮎佺⇞⹎} ᶵ劍忶⍣ⷓ䭬㗪㛇䳖⮎ˤ

(18)

ΠȃఀىσᏰᙽ࠮ޟ୰ᚠ!

! ! оҬࠉωᏰৱၥஉىپᇳȂΙૡσᏰӻо໠೩ϛ้Ᏸแ࣏кȂкӰӵܻωఀሯौ ও51এᏰϷȂӵ໠፞ᇄᏰҡওಬཎ᜹П७ࣱШϛఀᏰแ֨ᜲ48 ȄҬࠉωᏰৱၥஉىޟ кࢺϫᛮܻఀىσᏰᇄ༈ಛৱ଱ᙽ࠮࣏ᆣӫܒσᏰޱȄӵ७ᖝЍυϽΡο๖ᄺᇄৱஉ ҡኵ໔ټႆܻؑޟ౪ᄂ୰ᚠȂఀىσᏰޟี৤ॶ࿋ڏፐȄৱጒᏰ଱Ѐਿ࣏ఀىσᏰϞ ࡣȂఀىഋॶӑौؑఀىσᏰৱஉҡኵ໔ՍЍ෵јȂఀىσᏰڷ᎑ߖσᏰӫځȄࠉޱ ޟҬ኿ۦܾႀԙȂࡣޱᜲ࡙ၶଽȄषఀىഋ૖кᏲఀىσᏰᇄ᎑ߖσᏰӫځȂࠌωᏰ ৱၥஉىׇӒٖөᆣӫσᏰ၇ޟఀىܖৱጒᏰ଱ޟछ୽዁ԒȄषઍԃԪȂࠌሯݧཎఀ ىᏰ଱ܖৱጒᏰ଱Ϛ၎༉෉өंـ࠮Пөี৤ȂՄϫᔖ१ຜৱၥஉىޟ౩፣ᇄᄂ୛ޟ ᆧ஝೿๖Ȅծӵ஼፡ंـ࠮σᏰޟҡᄘМϽᇄ୽ϱތ཭ଽఀڟູငາᇄжࣨ௶ӪϞᔆ ΨȂ૖֏ᆰࡻৱஉఀᏰޟடཾڥөȂࠌԤ࡟ԆᅸȄఀىσᏰषᇄ᎑ߖޣӪσᏰӫځȂ խнџ၌ؚܣҡશ፴ϚٹޟӠᐠȂषӰԪՄ૖ᕕு؁ӻޟఀىငາၥྛȂܖ೨ζԤᙽ ᐠޟᐠོȂծӫځႆแޟᑑӫᇄࣺϣ൵१୰ᚠȂһሯғຜȄ! ! ! ԪѴȂఀىഋһՃኌ੼Ԇέܚᆠጝ࠮ఀىσᏰȂӱڗРݽਢ෈ശԞӵѕϛࠒӨ೩ ΙܚৱጒᏰਮޟ༈ಛȄ೻ᆍ዁Ԓ࢐ད߳Ԥৱၥஉىޟᐿҳ೩ညӴ՝Ȃ஼Ͻৱၥᙛࠉȃ ᄂಬᇄӵᙛέ໦ࢲޟடཾஉىȄծ೻ᆍ዁ԒȂఀىഋሯས଩ϴາҡӪ᚞Ȃ஼ϽȶѲё ΠȷޟσᏰஅᙃᏰಬᇄंـܚ౏Ͻޟ૖ΨȄծఀىഋࠓौؑఀىف้ৱஉفޟৱஉҡ Ӫ᚞ᘪႭȂᡱఀىσᏰޟৱஉفϚ᜹ཎёΣܚᒝȶѲёΠȷޟᄂᡛȄ49 এΡо࣏Ȃఀ ىഋᔖ၎ᡱఀىσᏰޟఀىᏰแᜰߞȂӱڗఀىف้ৱஉفޟடཾஉଋ዁ԒȂҥఀى فޟѲԑఀىடཾஅᙃ፞แȂ໌Σंـܚޟ౏Ͻंـ૖ΨȂϗ૖ઍғဣᄂȶѲёΠȷ ޟনҏҬ኿ȄԃԪȂఀىفޟܣҡϗԤџ૖ඪ݇શ፴ȄശߖȂఀىഋάඪю௰ଢ଼ᐌځ ϤܚఀىσᏰ࣏ȶᖒӫఀىσᏰفಛȷॎหȂ෈ఖᐌӫϤܚఀىσᏰޟ੫ՓȂٮלԙ ୢ୿ఀى໌ওϛЖȄԪ዁Ԓԃդᄂ፴ᐌځȃࣺϣӫհȂఀىငາၥྛ࢐֏૖ಛӫ๡ҢȂ դܚఀىσᏰкᏲȂһӻԤᄂሬ୰ᚠԤ࡟၌ؚȄष૖ԤਝᐌӫȂһ࢐੼ԆωᏰৱၥஉ ى൐ᐿ೩ҳޟ༈ಛ዁ԒȄ!

37 ▱佑ˣ⎘㜙ˣ⎘⋿䫱ⷓ昊廱✳䁢䵄⎰⿏⣏⬠侭昌⢾ˤ 38_{䫮侭⽆㛔䲣ᷣảˣ冢ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠㔁做䲣ᷣả⎋ᷕ倥倆㬌ḳˤ㔁做悐忁ᾳ妰䔓天㯪⁛䴙ⷓ➡䲣䘬ⷓ➡⎵柵㬠暞} 䘬ἄ㱽炻⺽崟悐↮㔁做⣏⬠柀⮶檀Ⰼ冯ⷓ➡䲣㇨㔁ⷓ⮵㬌㟰䘬堅䨩ˤ

(19)

έȃϴາஉىڙ࡙ޟԆ៉୰ᚠ!

! ! ϴາҡڙ࡙࢐ר୽ৱၥஉىޟ༈ಛ੫ՓȂଶΟࢇۺॎหԒஉى዁ԒѴȂۦᇄ֜Е ೴൱ᓺؾυךڷߴ໌ޥོ໦઻ࢺଢ଼Ԥᜰ೿Ȅϴາڙ࡙ޟጂ૖֜ЕᓺؾΡϗ׹Σఀى՗ ӖȂЎڏӵר୽ఀৱ࡟ႄٹЅޥོငᔼශ੉ϚᛧۡਢȂЎ૖֜ЕᏰกܖࡾՃԙᕼᓺؾ ޱ൷᠞Ȅႆўޟϴາڙ࡙ӵ׬೚ቹ७һԤ୰ᚠ౰ҡȂ፝ԃΣᏰᕕுϴາҡၥਿࠓо࣏ џоȶ౅Ѳԑȷ߯Ԥ൷ཾ߳ᜌȂоमԤഋϷϴາҡӵஉىႆแࡧඔܹᒀȂᏰಬᄘ࡙৯Ȃ ໌Σᙛൟࡣߒ౪Ϛ૖ᆎᙛ้୰ᚠȄԪ้ЕีϴາҡхΡၜ੾ޟ௑לȂӔёΰϴາҡҬ ࠉҥӨᑪѿඪټӪ᚞ᇄఀৱѿൟႆ഻ᅸኌȂӵҬࠉӨఀىσᏰޟϴາҡӪ᚞ϐቃЩᡣ ُȂ๘σӻኵ࣏ՌາҡȄ! ! ! ԃݎఀىഋ૖ᆠᙏωఀৱஉӪ᚞Ȃ੼Ԇ๻़Ԓޟৱஉҡશ፴Ȃࠌ᝷៉ඪټᎌ໔ޟ ϴາҡӪ᚞ȂԤօܻ֜ЕᓺؾᏰҡ׹Σఀىޟ՗ӖȄծϴາҡஉىႆแȂ҆໸ᝒᙱӴ ᄂࢊ్؜ᐠڙȂϚӔоՃၐΣᏰԙᕼȶΙၐۡ԰όȷޟ߳ራϴາҡ൷ཾȂՄሯоӵᏰ Ᏸಬᄘ࡙ᇄԙᕼհ࣏ਗ਼ଢ଼ޟϴາҡၥਿȂጂ߳ϴາҡӵৱၥஉىႆแޟடཾҏᙛᏰ૖ ߒ౪Ȅᎌ໔ޟϴາҡӪ᚞ȂоЅਗ਼ଢ଼ᝯތޟϴາҡၥਿȂΙП७џо֜ЕᓺؾՌາҡ ൷᠞ৱஉفܚȂѪП७ᆰᛮר୽ఀৱᓺؾશ፴ޟ੫ՓȂᄇܻ୽ড়ҐپᝯތΨ൨ۡيԁ ޟ१ौஅᙃȄӰԪϴາҡڙ࡙ȂϚ૖༉оѿൟငᔼޟُ࡙ࣼ࡟Ȅϴາҡஉىڙ࡙นԃ ר୽ϴາ੼Ᏸڙ࡙Ȃᄇܻ೴൱ᓺؾᏰυ࢐এჂᓾޟᐠڙȂԤڏғ७ޟԆӵቋ঄Ȅ!!

Ѳȃৱஉҡޟ൷ཾ୰ᚠ!

! ! ЍυϽήޟఀৱѿൟႆ഻୰ᚠȂኇ៪ᓺؾᏰҡ൷᠞ৱஉفܚޟଢ଼ᐠཎ᜹ȄծӰఀ ىσᏰޟ୽ҳܣถȂҬࠉϫϚဲܣҡپྛȂծ൷᠞ޱޟଢ଼ᐠᇄᏰಬᄘ࡙ࠓϚࣥ౩དȂ ϚցৱၥޟடཾஉىौؑЫҁȄԃդᡱఀৱޟټሯѿൟᅾ໔ϚौѶϞ᝚੆৯ຽȂఀى ഋᔖ၎ӔᆠᙏৱஉӪ᚞Ȃٮи፡ᐌҬࠉޟఀᔮᇄᄂಬڙ࡙Ȃӑᡱৱஉҡ೽ႆఀᔮၥ ਿȂӔ໌ΣωᏰᄂಬȂശࡣڥுఀৱᜌྱȂΙП७џо్؜ႆӻৱஉҡޟኵ໔ȂΠП ७џоᡱ೽ႆఀᔮޱԊЖᇄҢЖӴӵωᏰᄂಬȂԤօఀৱடཾஉىޟ࡚ҳȄ! ! ! ӵωᏰఀᅷჄӻ๔Ѝޟ௑ݷήȂৱஉ൐՝ޟ൷ཾ୰ᚠȂџᘗσ࣏ф౩ф፞ఀৱȃ ፞ሄՂৱȃМఀٱཾငᕊ้ቹ७ȄఀىഋᇄӴПࢇۺᔖᎌ࡙ቨёఀৱጡڙষ᚞ȃ෉ө

(20)

ӫ౩ޟఀৱټሯѿൟᐠڙ4: ȂԃԪϗ૖ࡻ៉֜ЕᓺؾᇄԤఀىዥףޱ൷᠞ৱஉفܚȄ ӵҬࠉৱၥټሯᝒ१Ѷ፡ϞሬȂৱஉຟᠦࡾ኿Ϛ၎оৱஉ౳ཾҡ૖֏ᓃڥғԒఀৱ࣏ ᕼਝޟ୲Ιࡾ኿ȂՄۣܹቶՍф౩ф፞ఀৱȃ၄ఀ፞ሄȃМఀٱཾ้൷ཾቹ७Ȃ౳ത Ҭࠉྃճޟఀᅷᓃڥ౥࢐এ๖ᄺܒޟ३ڙ୰ᚠȂٮฒݲࡊᢎІᔖৱஉفܚ࢐֏Ԥڟູ ৱஉޟ૖ΨȄӵΙао࣏୲Ԥԙ࣏ᏰਮғԒఀৱ࣏ৱஉҡ൷ཾюၯޟᇲᏲήȂϚ༉३ ᕻఀىনپኄݿޟཎొȂζѾѡϛᏰҡনԤ௃ٱఀىٱཾޟଢ଼ᐠڷסөȄ! !

ӂȃ๖፣ȈωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟࠉᙁ!

ӱ៫ר୽ωᏰৱၥԻԑஉىࢇ๊ȂএΡо࣏ԤήӖඁএี৤ᗍ༖Ȉ! Ιȃ!ҥڥݲРҏޟ዁Ԓᙽөछ୽ޟஉى዁ԒȄ! Πȃ!ҥॎหԒڗᓽരԒޟஉى዁ԒȄ! έȃ!ҥΙϯஉىڗӻϯ໠ܹȄ! Ѳȃ!ܒտϷ᜸༈ಛಬ߹ᢎ܈Ϟ၌ܹȂωᏰఀৱޟܒտҥ໨౾ഛ૾ᙽ࣏ഛ౾໨૾ޟ౪ ຫȄ! Ϥȃ!ఀৱӴ՝ᇄᖠЛ࡟ႄ૖֜ЕᓺؾΡϗ׹Σఀى՗ӖȂӵᓽരԒѿൟϽޟৱၥஉى ዁ԒήȂࠓӰఀᅷᓃڥ౥ྃճӰશϚցᓺؾᏰυ׹Σৱஉҡ՗ӖȂڍޱלԙҭࣽ ޟ౪ຫȄ! ! ! ᔮଆר୽ԻԑωᏰৱஉࢇ๊ޟᡐ८ȂএΡо࣏ৱၥஉىᆓၾӻϯϽϚ૖ែࣘடཾ ϽஉىޟौؑȄఀىσᏰޟᙽ࠮୰ᚠȂ౞ਖ਼ৱၥஉى࢐֏ሯौᐿҳԆӵี৤Ȃ׻ܖ࢐ ׇӒ෉өᆣӫܒσᏰޟৱஉ዁ԒȂԤ࡟Өࣨ౏ࡦȄӵӻϯϽᇄᆣӫϽႆแޟᡐ८၇Ȃ ωᏰৱၥஉىᔖ१ຜৱஉҡఀىסөڷடཾᆠડȃੲ઻ငᕊȃӨऋఀ؅ఀݲᇄᖝחᄂ ಬޟఀᏰᄂ୛૖ΨϚ၎ೝ܇ຜȄӰᔖৱၥஉىѿൟႆ഻ޟᝒ২ࢅᏽȂఀىഋһᔖҐߦ ᆬᕽႱَৱஉ൐՝Ґ૖ܣԝᓺؾৱஉҡશ፴ᇄ׹Σఀىώհዥףסөޱޟ୰ᚠȂҐپ џ૖Ᏺमৱၥߧ༁Ϛ௥ᇄடཾ૖ΨϚٗޟ௑ݷȄ! ! ! ࠉᙁҐپȂএΡඪюωᏰৱၥஉىࢇ๊ޟඁ໶ࠉᙁࣼݲȈ! !

39_{ᾳṢẍ䁢炻⎰䎮䘬㔁ⷓ䒬怠⸛⛯抬⍾䌯炻ㅱ㚱 2-3 ㆸ䘬㨇䌯ˤ}

(21)

Ιȃר୽१ຜৱၾᇄఀৱશ፴ޟᓺي༈ಛМϽȂᔖ᝷៉ีපиဣᄂܻ१ຜωᏰৱၥஉ ىޟடཾЫҁȄ! ΠȃϚᆓ௴ڥᆣӫܒσᏰܖᆰᛮఀىσᏰᐿҳ೩ညޟ዁ԒȂ഍ᔖ၎оৱஉفܚհ࣏ৱ உ൐՝Ȃ߳੼༈ಛৱጒఀىᄇωᏰৱၥஉى१ຜҏᙛᏰ૖ᇄᖝחᄂಬޟடཾौ ؑȄ! έȃᎌ໔ޟৱஉϴາҡڙ࡙ᔖϠ߳੼Ȃଶџᆰᛮޥོ໦઻ࢺଢ଼ޟғဎনࠌѴȂۦ૖᝷ ៉֜ЕᓺؾᏰυ׹ΣఀىޟסཾȄས଩ר୽يԁޟఀৱᖠЛ࡟ႄȂ૖ࡻ៉ᛧۡ੼ ՞ᓺؾఀৱӈఀȂࠔේήΙфᓺؾΡΨޟશ፴Ȅ! ѲȃωᏰఀৱষ᚞ጡڙᔖඪЀȂџᎌ࡙ඪЀωᏰఀᅷᓃڥ౥Ȅᙛࠉ໦ࢲۣЕᏲৱஉҡ ޟ൷ཾሄᏲҡిೣგȂଶԙ࣏ωᏰғԒఀৱѴȂф౩ф፞ఀৱᇄМఀٱཾငᕊࣱ џԙ࣏ৱၥஉىޟኄݿี৤ПөȄ! !

୤ՃМᝦ!

ϛ୽ఀىᏰོ)кጡ*)2:75*ȄৱጒఀىंـȄᇃѕȈғϛȄ! ᇃᢊࣸМᝦۏষོ)ጡӟ*)2::4*Ȅ१ওᇃᢊࣸ೽סȂڢϲȂМఀסȃᏰਮఀىጕȄࠒ ׹ȈհޱȄ! ᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴဍఀى೎)2:57b*Ȅᇃᢊఀى྅ݷȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴဍఀى೎)2:57c*ȄᇃᢊΙԑپޟఀىȄᇃѕȈᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴ ဍࡇ༈ۏষོȄ! ᇃᢊࣸ՗ࢇߝۢϴဍಛॎࡉ)ጡӟ*)2:57*ȄᇃᢊࣸϤΪΙԑپಛॎඪौȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ᇃᢊࣸࢇۺఀىᢈ)2:81*ȄᇃᢊࣸఀىಛॎϤΪΤᏰԑ࡙ȄᇃϛȈհޱȄ! ᇃᢊࣸࢇۺఀىᢈ)2:88*ȄᇃᢊࣸఀىಛॎϲΪϤᏰԑ࡙ȄᇃϛȈհޱȄ! ᇃᢊࣸࢇۺఀىᢈ)2::9*ȄᇃᢊࣸӨᑪѿఀىಛॎࡾ኿ΤΪϲᏰԑ࡙ȄᇃϛȈհޱȄ! ᇃᢊࣸࢇۺఀىᢈ)ጡӟ*)2:98*Ȅᇃᢊఀىี৤ѬਟཊጡȄᇃϛȈࣸҳᇃϛყਪᓢȄ! դᏹԃ)311:*ȄРݽਢ෈ޟߑ้ఀىȋоཱིࡐϴᏰਮ࣏ٽȄၷܻඇྶഽ)кጡ*Ȃᇃᢊ ఀىѬ)3:8.443ॲ*Ȅଽ໰ȈᝋМȄ! ֔М࢑)2:94*ȄРᐃਢ෈ᇃᢊৱጒఀىϞंـȄᇃѕȈ୽ҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰᐣѬंـܚ டѐ)9*Ȅ!

(22)

؃༪ོ)2::8*ȄРᐃਢ෈ᇃᢊৱጒఀىڙ࡙ȄᇃѕȈࠒЈȄ! ؃༪ོ)3112*ȄᇃᢊৱጒఀىѬȄᇃѕȈࠒЈȄ! ؕᆵጸ)3115*ȄᇃᢊωᏰৱၥஉىѬȄᇃѕȈϤࠒȄ! ںཌྷМ)2::6*Ȅ़୽ৱၥᎴԙ፞แᅋᡐᇄఀىᏰ೚ี৤ޟᜰ߽Ȅఀىंـܚ໱ѐȂ47Ȃ 256.298Ȅ! ࡎݍৱጒᏰਮ)ጡ*)2:67*ȄࡎৱΪԑȄࡎݍȈհޱȄ! ৘٤ғ)2:74*ȄৱጒఀىȄᇃѕȈғϛȄ! ৘٤ғ)2:96*ȄငৱᇄΡৱȄᇃѕȈ୦୛Ȅ! ୽Ѭᓢ)ጡӟ*)2::1*Ȅϛ๼ҕ୽Ѭఀىס)ߑገ*ȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ୽ҳఀىၥਟᓢ)ጡӟ*)2::9*Ȅϛ๼ҕ୽ఀىԑൢȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ஻શᆆ)2:96*ȄРᐃਢ෈ᇃᢊτυఀىंـȄ໴ݓώடᏰൢȂ5Ȃ53:.62:Ȅ! ఀىഋ)2:81*Ȅ಑ϤԩӒ୽ఀىོដൢ֙ȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ఀىഋ)2::1*Ȅϛ๼ҕ୽ఀىಛॎ)ҕ୽8:ԑ*ȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ఀىഋ)3117*Ȅϛ๼ҕ୽ৱၥஉىಛॎԑൢ:5ԑގȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ఀىഋ)3121*Ȅϛ๼ҕ୽ৱၥஉىಛॎԑൢ:9ԑގȄᇃѕȈհޱȄ! ఀىഋϛഋᒲϴࡉ)3114*ȄᇃᢊࣸӨᑪѿఀىಛॎࡾ኿ΞΪΙᏰԑ࡙ȄᇃϛȈհޱȄ! ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོ)2:45*Ȅ಑Ιԩϛ୽ఀىԑᠦȄΰ੕Ȉ୦୛Ȅ! ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོ)2:59*Ȅ಑Πԩϛ୽ఀىԑᠦȄΰ੕Ȉ୦୛Ȅ! ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོ)2:68*Ȅ಑έԩϛ୽ఀىԑᠦȄᇃѕѿȈғϛȄ! ఀىഋఀىԑᠦጡᒮۏষོ)2:85*Ȅ಑Ѳԩϛ୽ఀىԑᠦȄᇃѕѿȈғϛȄ! ఀ ى ഋ ಛ ॎ ೎ )3119* Ȅ τ ܒ ఀ ৱ Ш ٽ Ϟ ୽ ሬ Ш ၶ Ȅ ڥ Ռ Ȉ iuuq;00xxx/fev/ux0gjmft0tjuf`dpoufou0C11240pwfswjfx75/ymt! ೨ ڃ ፱ )3112* Ȅ ᇃ ᢊ ߖ ф Ᏸ ਮ ޟ ፛ ҡ ˇˇ Р ҏ ਢ ф ߑ ้ ఀ ى ᡝ ف ޟ ԙ ҳ )29:6.2:22*)ҐюގϞിρ፣М*Ȅ୽ҳᇃᢊσᏰȂᇃѕѿȄ! ೨ᓂኊ)ឍݧ*)3121*Ȅᇃᢊఀىݼ८ᇬ)ϛឍҏ*Ȅࠒ׹ȈᇃᢊМᝦᓢȄ! ඇ ྶ ഽ )3117* Ȅ ᏽ ࡣ ᇃ ᢊ τ υ ৱ ጒ ఀ ى Ϟ ं ـ Ȉ о ࣸ ҳ ཱི Լ ৱ ጒ Ᏸ ਮ ਢ ෈ ࣏ ٽ )2:59.2:82* Ȅ ՗ ࢇ ଱ ୽ ড় ऋ Ᏸ ۏ ষ ོ ட ᚠ ं ـ ԙ ݎ ൢ ֙ ) ጡ ဴ Ȉ OTD! :5.3524.I.245.113.*ȂҐюގȄ! !

(23)

ඇྶഽ)311:b*ȄΠԩσᏽࡣᇃᢊৱጒఀىޟี৤ᇄࢅᏽ)2:57.3117*Ȅၷܻඇྶഽ)к ጡ*ȂᇃᢊఀىѬ)474.493ॲ*Ȅଽ໰ȈᝋМȄ! ඇྶഽ)311:c*ȄੑѶϛޟᇃᢊৱጒఀىȋᙽᐠܖӠᐠȉȄၷܻඇྶഽ)кጡ*Ȃᇃᢊ ఀىѬ)494.4525ॲ*Ȅଽ໰ȈᝋМȄ! ඇྶഽ)3121*ȄБઽኈޟఀىሴᏲȈоछ୽ޟϴӓᏰਮ࣏ٽ)2949.2981*Ȅଽ໰Ȉඈ МȄ! ༁ ⨹ ൩ )3111*Ȅ ӎ ඈ ߑ ෈ ᇃ ᢊ ୽ ҕ Ᏸ ਮ ৱ ၥ Ϟ உ ى )2:56.2:5:*)Ґ ю ގ Ϟ ᆈ ρ ፣ М*Ȅ୽ҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰȂᇃѕѿȄ! ቓ௦ȃᗂᆰڷ)3113*Ȅ࢞ួϱѴȈϛ୽ଽ้ৱጒఀىԻԑࣸࡦȄѕٵȈѕٵৱጒσᏰȄ! ጽસฐ)3118*ȄΙএ໦ቹޟੑѶȈఏ఼о६ჩৱंـȄΰ੕Ȉΰ੕жकȄ! ឃ໴৫)3118*Ȅϛ୽ཱིఀىޟຂ߃ᇄԙߝ)2971.2:39*ȄѕٵȈѕٵσᏰȄ!

Ixtt-! G/! N/! )3115*/!Dpnnpo! Tfotf! Tdippm! Sfgpsn/! Ofx! Zpsl-! OZ;! Nbdnjmmbo! Qbmhsbwf/!

! !

(24)

! ! !