圖書資訊學研究所九十六學年度第一學期研究方法

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蘇諼

Monday 1:40pm-4:30pm

Email: [email protected] Phone: 2905-3316

教學目標

瞭解圖書資訊學研究的概況與發展方向

熟悉各種研究方法與資料蒐集技巧

培養研究規劃、設計與評鑑的能力

瞭解學術寫作格式與規範課程綱要

科學研究的意義與特質

研究相關詞彙與概念

研究的設計與實施

研究方法的特性與應用

資料收集與分析課程大鋼

日期課程內容備註

09/17 課程簡介；圖書資訊學研究概況準備課本、講義

09/24 中秋節不上課

10/01 研究的基本觀念 Powell Chapter1, 2

10/08 研究計劃的設計；資料蒐集的技巧 Powell Chapter 2 10/15 抽樣法(Sampling) Powell Chapter 3 10/22 問卷調查法(Questionnaire Survey)；訪問調查法

(Interview Survey) 分組報告開始

10/29 觀察法(Observation)；個案研究法(Case Study)　　 11/05 內容分析法(Content Analysis)；歷史研究法

(Historical) 11/12 期中考週

11/19 疊慧法(Delphi)；實驗法(Experimental)

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11/26 引文分析法(Citation Analysis) 12/03 質化研究(Qualitative Research)

12/10 其他研究方法 

12/17 資料分析與解釋　

12/24 學術論文的結構

12/31 計畫書的撰寫　

01/07 總整理 01/14 學期考試

教科書

1. Powell, Ronald R. Basic Research Methods for Librarians. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1997.

2. Busha, Charles H. and Harter, Stephen P. Research Methods in Librarianship:

Techniques and Interpretation. New York: Academic Press, 1980.

建議閱讀書目

1. Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research. 10th edition. Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth Publishing, 2004.

2. Frankfort-Nachmias, Chava. Research Methods in the Social Sciences. 6^th ed., New York: Worth Publishers, 2000.

3. Lofland, John and Lofland, Lyn H. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to

Qualitative Observation and Analysis. 3

^rd edition, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1995.

4. Mertens, Donna M. Research Methods in Education and Psychology:

Integrating Diversity with Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.

5. Nachmias, David and Nachmias, Chava. Research Methods in the Social

Sciences. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

6. Simon, Julian L. and Burstein, Paul. Basic Research Methods in Social Science.

3rd edition, New York: Random House, 1985.

7. Wiersma,William.Research Methods in Education : An Introduction. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 2000.

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8. Chava Frankfort-Nachmias, David Nachmias 著；陳怡珍譯。社會科學研究方法台北市 : 臺灣西書，民 90 年。

9. Babbie, Earl R.著，邱泯科等合譯。研究方法 : 基礎理論與技巧。臺北市︰湯姆 生出版，雙葉書廊發行，2004。

10. Babbie, Earl R.著，李美華等譯。社會科學研究方法。台北市：時英，2004。

11. 王文科。教育研究法--教育研究的理論與實務。台北市︰五南，民 90 年。

12. 吳明清。教育研究︰基本觀念與方法之分析。台北市：五南，民 89 年。

13. 張邵勳。研究方法。第三版，台中市︰滄海，民 90 年。

14. 周文欽。研究方法︰實徵性研究取向。臺北市︰心理，民 91 年。

15. Wimmer, Roger and Dominick, Joseph. 李天任、藍莘等譯。大眾媒體研究。台北市：亞太，民84 年。

16. Powell, Ronald R. “Recent Trends in Research: A Methodological Essay.”

Library and Information Science Research 21(1)(1999):91-119

圖書資訊學相關學位論文、期刊文獻、專書、研究報告等

ALISE. (July 2000) “Educating Library and Information Science Professionals for a New Century: The KALIPER Report.”

<http://www.alise.org/publications/kaliper.pdf>

Ard, Allyson, et al. (Spring 2006) “Why Library and Information Science?”

Reference & User Services Quarterly, 45:3, 236-248.

Cox, Rechard J. (Jun/Jul 2006) “Why Survival Is Not Enough.” American Libraries, 37:6, 42-44.

Rubin, Richard E. (2004) Foundations of Library and Information Science. 2^nd ed.

New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc. Ch.10: Librarianship: An Evolving Profession.

鄭麗敏。「步著歷史的軌跡探索: 圖書館學與資訊科學教育的問題 (上)(下)」教育資料與圖書館學，31 卷 2 期，頁 195-217；31 卷 3 期，1994，頁 313-332。

上課方式課堂講授小組討論實作練習計分方式

期中報告(書面、口頭)40%

期末考試50%

上課參與10%

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研究方法評論報告

一、內容

選擇一種研究方法，參考圖書資訊學相關的中文及英文文獻(書、期刊文章、

學位論文等)撰寫一篇報告介紹此種研究方法。報告的內容項目如下︰

1. 定義、起源、目的 2. 特性、進行的程序 3. 優、缺點 (應注意事項)

4. 應用 (此部分首先列舉出兩篇應用此研究方法完成的圖書資訊學研究文獻書目，中英文各一篇，並且做文章內容之摘要與讀後感；內容應包括文章的書目資料、研究方法的類型、研究進行程序、樣本數量與選取方式、研究發現等)

5. 介紹與此方法相關的網站兩個 6. 註釋或參考書目

二、書面報告

1. 每一組選一個研究方法，一至二人一組，在口頭報告當天，共同交一

份書面報告。

2. 報告必須用電腦打字印在A4紙張上，且力求清晰易讀，封面頁應打上題目與組員姓名。

三、口頭報告

1. 每一組在口頭報告前一週，須將書面報告影印本分發給老師及班上其他同學。

2. 一次安排兩組，每組報告時間以40-45分鐘為原則，報告後以5-10分鐘進行問題提問與討論。

3. 報告時請配合投影片的播放，每位組員皆需上台。

4. 口頭報告後可以根據討論結果繼續修正初稿，並於一週之後將最後版本之書面報告交給老師。

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口頭報告日期與分組名單表

日期題目組員名單

10/22

問卷調查法(Questionnaire Survey) 訪問調查法(Interview Survey)

10/29

觀察法(Observation) 　個案研究法(Case Study)

11/5 內容分析法(Content Analysis)

歷史研究法(Historical Research) 　

11/19 疊慧法(Delphi Method)

實驗法(Experimental Research) 11/26 引文分析法(Citation Analysis)

12/3 質化研究(Qualitative Research) 

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研究方法與論文寫作學期報告

※請參考圖書資訊學與其他相關學科之中英文文獻，回答以下問題，並請註明參考資料出處。

1. 電子問卷調查的優缺點為何？

2. 試述異動紀錄分析法(Web log analysis)的特性與應用範圍。

3. 試述焦點團體訪談法(Focus group interview)的進行步驟。

4. 何謂變項（variable）？請舉例說明「自變項」與「依變項」的差異。

5. 何謂縱貫式研究(longitudinal studies)？請舉出一篇此種類型的英文文獻並作摘要說明之。

6. 請找出人種誌研究法(Ethnography)在圖書資訊學的應用，試舉出以此研究方法完成的研究報告來加以說明之。

7. 理論(Theory)在圖書資訊學研究中的重要性為何？

8. 何謂典範與典範變遷(paradigm shift)？

9. 何謂分層隨機抽樣法？何謂配額抽樣？

10. 請說明準實驗研究法與實驗研究法的差別在那裏？

注意事項：每位同學交一份報告(紙本與電子檔)，書面報告請於 1/18/2007 3:30pm 以前繳交到系辦公室。

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2. 試述異動紀錄分析法(Web log analysis)的特性與應用。

4. 試舉出作業研究(operations research)在圖書資訊學研究的相關應用。

5. 何謂文獻老化現象？

6. 請找出人種誌研究法(Ethnography)在圖書資訊學的應用，試舉出一篇文章來加以說明之。

10. 請說明準實驗研究法的施行程序。

注意事項：每位同學交一份報告(紙本與電子檔)，書面報告請於 1/ 18 / 2007 3:30pm 以前繳交到系辦公室。

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研究方法與論文寫作

蘇諼

Thursday 1:40pm-3:30pm

Email: [email protected] Phone: x3316, x3292

教學目標

瞭解圖書資訊學研究的概況與發展方向

熟悉各種研究方法與資料蒐集技巧

培養研究規劃、設計與評鑑的能力

瞭解學術寫作格式與規範課程綱要

科學研究的意義與特質

研究的設計與實施

研究方法的特性與應用

學術論文的撰寫與評鑑教科書

1. Powell, Ronald R. Basic Research Methods for Librarians. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1997.

2. Busha, Charles H. and Harter, Stephen P. Research Methods in Librarianship:

Techniques and Interpretation. New York: Academic Press, 1980.

建議閱讀書目

1. Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research. 10th edition. Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth Publishing, 2004.

2. Frankfort-Nachmias, Chava. Research Methods in the Social Sciences. 6^th ed., New York: Worth Publishers, 2000.

3. Lofland, John and Lofland, Lyn H. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to

Qualitative Observation and Analysis. 3

^rd edition, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1995.

4. Mertens, Donna M. Research Methods in Education and Psychology:

Integrating Diversity with Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand

Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.

5. Nachmias, David and Nachmias, Chava. Research Methods in the Social

Sciences. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

6. Simon, Julian L. and Burstein, Paul. Basic Research Methods in Social Science.

3rd edition, New York: Random House, 1985.

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7. Wiersma,William.Research Methods in Education : An Introduction. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 2000.

Babbie, Earl R. 李美華等譯。社會科學研究方法。台北市：時英，民 87 年。

王文科。教育研究法 -- 教育研究的理論與實務。台北市︰五南，民90 年。

吳明清。教育研究︰基本觀念方法之分析。台北市：五南，民80 年。

楊國樞等合編。社會及行為科學研究法。台北市：東華，民82 年。

張邵勳。研究方法。第三版，台中市︰滄海，民90 年。

周文欽。研究方法︰實徵性研究取向。臺北市︰心理，民91 年。

Wimmer, Roger and Dominick, Joseph. 李天任、藍莘等譯。大眾媒體研究。台北市：亞太，民84 年。

Powell, Ronald R. “Recent Trends in Research: A Methodological Essay.” Library and Information Science Research 21(1)(1999):91-119

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日期課程內容備註 09/21 課程簡介；圖書資訊學研究概況

09/28 教師節

10/05 研究的基本觀念 Powell Chapter1, 2

10/12 研究計劃的設計；資料蒐集的技巧 Powell Chapter 2 10/19 抽樣法(Sampling) Powell Chapter 3 10/26 問卷調查法(Questionnaire Survey) 分組報告開始 11/02 訪問調查法(Interview Survey) 　

11/09 觀察法(Observation) 11/16 期中考週　

11/23 歷史研究法(Historical)

11/30 內容分析法(Content Analysis) 12/07 疊慧法(Delphi)

12/14 實驗法(Experimental) 

12/21 引文分析法(Citation Analysis) 　

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12/28 質化研究(Qualitative Research)

01/04 其他研究方法　

01/11 資料分析與解釋 01/18 學期考試

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2. 試述異動紀錄分析法(Web log analysis)的特性與應用。

4. 試舉出作業研究(operations research)在圖書資訊學研究的相關應用。

5. 何謂文獻老化現象？

6. 請找出人種誌研究法(Ethnography)在圖書資訊學的應用，試舉一篇文章來加以說明之。

10. 請說明準實驗研究法的施行程序。

注意事項：每位同學交一份書面報告，報告請於 1/ 14 /0 6 中午以前繳交。

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一、內容

選擇一種研究方法，參考圖書館學或非圖書館學的中文及英文文獻(書、期刊文章、學位論文等)撰寫一篇報告介紹此種研究方法。報告的內容項目如下︰

3. 定義、起源、目的 4. 特性、進行的程序 7. 優、缺點 (應注意事項)

8. 應用 (此部分首先列舉出兩篇應用此研究方法完成的圖書資訊學文獻書目，中英文各一篇，並作內容之摘要與讀後感)

9. 註釋或參考書目

二、書面報告

3. 每一組選一個研究法，一至二人一組，在口頭報告當天，共同交一份書面報告。

4. 報告必須用電腦打字印在A4紙張上，且力求清晰易讀，封面頁應打上題目與組員姓名。

三、口頭報告

2. 每一組在口頭報告前，須將書面報告影印本分發給老師及班上其他同學。

2. 一次安排一組，每組報告時間以35-45分鐘為原則。

3. 報告時請配合投影片的播放。

4. 口頭報告後可繼續修正初稿，並於一週之後將書面報告交給老師。

14

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[10/26] 簽名

1. 問卷調查法 (Mail Questionnaire Survey) ______________________________

2. 訪問調查法（Interview Survey） _______________________________

[11/2]

3. 觀察法 (Observation Method) _______________________________

4. 個案研究法 (Case Study) ________________________________

[11/9]

5. 歷史研究法 (Historical Method) ________________________________

6. 實驗研究法 (Experimental Method) ________________________________

[11/16]

7. 引文分析法 (Citation Analysis) _________________________________

8. 內容分析法 (Content Analysis) _________________________________

[11/23]

9. 疊慧法 (Delphi) _________________________________

10. 質化研究法 (Qualitative Research) _____________________

研究方法報告

日期題目組員名單

10/18 問卷調查法(Mail Questionnaire Survey)

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10/25 訪問調查法(Interview Survey)

11/01 觀察法(Observation) 　 11/08 個案研究法(Case Study)

11/15 歷史研究法(Historical Research) 　 11/22 內容分析法(Content Analysis)

11/29 實驗法(Experimental Research) 12/13 疊慧法(Delphi Method)

12/20 引文分析法(Citation Analysis)

 12/27 質化研究(Qualitative Research) 　

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研究方法與論文寫作研究方法與論文寫作表單的頂端表單的底部

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Problem Statements

 Key component of a proposal - for research or for $$$ funding

 Sample arguments can often be found in the ?Introduction? of a research article

 Making the case that a particular question is (or was) worth spending time and money on

 Helps to answer the ?so what??/the ? who cares?? questions

Focus of a Problem Statement

 Some ?need? must be addressed

 Some ?problem? must be tackled

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 Dramatic start is often helpful, for funded efforts particularly

Avoid Circular Reasoning

 Avoid saying that the problem or

need is the lack of the thing you are suggesting.

 For example:

o

?The problem in this community is that it has no library.?

o

Leads to:



The need is for a library



The objective is to create a library



The method is a plan for building a library



Evaluation consists of ?is there a library or not??

Better to have some evidence of the need

 What proportion of the community has ?latchkey children? problems?

 What proportion of the community

need literacy programs?

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 What other library programs could help with community problems?

 What do ?power elite? in the community say?

Building the Problem Statement

 Sketch the problem that you feel exists

o

Who else says it is a problem?

o

Any statistics/commentary that highlight the problem?

o

What other efforts have been made to work on the problem?

o

Create a general question you would like your study (when finished) to answer.

 Given that question, suggest an approach that will provide an answer.

o

What sort of sample would you need to use?

o

What sort of variables could you collect data concerning?

o

What sort of method might be used to create a useful set of data?

o

What sort of inherent biases might exist? (use your imagination, if no literature helps)

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Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

Full Proposal Usually Consists of

 Introduction describing your/the organization?s ?credibility?

 Problem Statement

 Objectives or Research Questions to be addressed

 Methods to be employed to achieve objectives

 Timeline or chart indicating phases

 Evaluation plan for determining the

degree of achievement

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 Broader Application of

Outcome/Looking down the path

 Budget

Who Evaluates Your Proposal?

 Most funding agencies really want you to be successful

 They have criteria by which your proposal is scored

 They will share these criteria with you often

 Put yourself in the ?shoes? of your evaluator

o

Have you made it easy for them to see your planned approach?

o

Is there a clear structure to your proposal?

o

Is there a clear relationship between the monies you require and what you will accomplish?

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Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

Most Common Reasons for a Failed Proposal

 Your ?credibility? to successfully carry through is unclear

 Your plan seems overly optimistic

 Your method seems inappropriate to the task

 Your ?need? has already been addressed in the work of others

 It is quite likely that your

organization will carry through the effort whether you get funded or not

Thomas Kuhn has described scientific

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paradigms as ways of looking at the world that define both the problems that can legitimately be addressed and the range of admissible

evidence that may bear on their solution.

When defects in an existing paradigm

accumulate to the extent that the paradigm is no longer tenable, the paradigm is challenged and replaced by a new way of looking at the world.

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圖書資訊學研究所九十六學年度第一學期 研究方法

Techniques and Interpretation. New York: Academic Press, 1980.

Qualitative Observation and Analysis. 3

Integrating Diversity with Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.

Sciences. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

2

Library and Information Science Research 21(1)(1999):91-119

Reference & User Services Quarterly, 45:3, 236-248.

4

6

8

Techniques and Interpretation. New York: Academic Press, 1980.

Qualitative Observation and Analysis. 3

Integrating Diversity with Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand

Sciences. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

10

12

14

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Problem Statements

 Key component of a proposal - for research or for $$$ funding

 Sample arguments can often be found in the ?Introduction? of a research article

 Making the case that a particular question is (or was) worth spending time and money on

 Helps to answer the ?so what??/the ? who cares?? questions

Focus of a Problem Statement

 Some ?need? must be addressed

 Some ?problem? must be tackled

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 Dramatic start is often helpful, for funded efforts particularly

Avoid Circular Reasoning

 Avoid saying that the problem or

need is the lack of the thing you are suggesting.

 For example:

o

o









Better to have some evidence of the need

 What proportion of the community has ?latchkey children? problems?

 What proportion of the community

need literacy programs?

 What other library programs could help with community problems?

 What do ?power elite? in the community say?

Building the Problem Statement

 Sketch the problem that you feel exists

o

o

o

o

 Given that question, suggest an approach that will provide an answer.

o

o

o

o

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Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

Full Proposal Usually Consists of

 Introduction describing your/the organization?s ?credibility?

 Problem Statement

 Objectives or Research Questions to be addressed

 Methods to be employed to achieve objectives

 Timeline or chart indicating phases

 Evaluation plan for determining the

degree of achievement

 Broader Application of

Outcome/Looking down the path

 Budget

Who Evaluates Your Proposal?

 Most funding agencies really want you to be successful

 They have criteria by which your proposal is scored

 They will share these criteria with you often

 Put yourself in the ?shoes? of your evaluator

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Most Common Reasons for a Failed Proposal

圖書資訊學研究所九十六學年度第一學期研究方法