世界衛生組織生活品質問卷台灣簡明版在社區老人 族群的適用性
由於人類壽命的延長,人們從重視生存與健康轉變為重視健康相關生活品質( health-re lated quality of life ),但多數用來測量健康相關生活品質的問卷,並無充足的證據顯示 問卷是否適用在老人族群。故此研究目的,是在探討「世界衛生組織生活品質問卷台灣 簡明版」在老人族群的適用性。研究對象是來自台中縣新社鄉中的六個村,其中六十五 歲以上的老人共有 2072 位,完成第一次訪視的共有 1200 位;一年後完成第二次測量的 共有 798 位。資料的收集是由經過標準化訓練的訪員至老人家中做訪視。健康相關生活 品質的測量是使用「世界衛生組織生活品質問卷台灣簡明版」,此問卷架構包括有:整 體生活品質及整體健康 2 題,及生理(共 7 題)、心理(共 6 題)、社會關係(共 4 題)及環境(共 9 題)四個範疇,總共有 28 題。問卷是否適用則是從可行性分析、信 度分析、效度分析及感應度分析四部分來做探討。可行性分析結果顯示,「工作能力」
及「性生活」這兩題,使用在老人族群時,會產生較多的遺漏值,分別為 2.5% 及 16.5
% 其他則是從 0.08% 至 0.83% 。內部一致性的數值在各範疇中高巴氏 α ( Cronbach’s α )值皆大於 0.7 ;再測信度中,內在等級相關係數( Intraclass correlation coefficient s )值大多數題目大於 0.7 。區辨效度可以看出發生跌倒者其生活品質分數較沒發生跌 倒者低;而患有慢性疾病者其生活品質分數也較沒有慢性疾病者低。收斂效度是以探索 性因素分析來做,結果與原本的四個範疇不同。感應度( responsiveness )分析發現跌 倒對生活品質所產生的變化以生理範疇最明顯,其效應值( effect size )為 -0.34 ;社 會關係範疇最不明顯,其效應值為 -0.09 。整體而言,雖然問卷中仍有兩題需做更進一 步的修正,但此問卷可以適用在老人族群中。
Suitability of the WHOQOL-BREF Use in Community-dwelling Older People in Taiwan
The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of the brief Taiwan-version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) among 1,200 el derly subjects in of Taichung County, Taiwan. The Taiwan version of the 28-item WHOQOL- BREF is categorized into four domains: physical (7 items), psychological (6 items), social (4 it ems), and environmental (9 items). This study examines the practicality, reliability, validity, a nd responsiveness of the WHOQOL-BREF for older people. Results of the practicality were s atisfactory because the percentages of the missing values in four domains ranged from 0.1 to 1 6.5. Cronbach’s α coefficients for internal consistence ranged from 0.73 to 0.79. In addition, in traclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.59 to 0.94 for intra-observer variation, and from 0.39 to 0.97 for inter-observer variation. The scores of the four WHOQOL-BREF domains we re lower in people who had a fall or a chronic disease than in those without a fall or a chronic disease. In the exploratory factor analysis, the items in the WHOQOL-BREF converged on 4 c ommon factors. We used fall status as an external indicator to measure the responsiveness of e ach WHOQOL-BREF domain, and the effect sizes of the four domains ranged from -0.09 to - 0.45. This study concluded that the use of the WHOQOL-BREF is suitable for the elderly.