2011年兩岸教育政策學術研討會論文集

屏東教育大學教育行政研究所

屏東教育大學教育行政研究所

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

徐俊忠 论文摘要：从 1978 年大陆恢复研究生教育开始，历经三十多年的发展，大陆已经 成为世界研究生教育的第一大国。本报告主要分析这一发展过程是如何发生的， 其中有哪些特别的做法与经验，存在着哪些不可忽视的问题。报告还将预测大陆 未来研究生教育改革的基本走向与发展前景。 关键词：政策选择；改革思路；研究生教育；质量保障；大陆

Policy Choices and Reform Options of Quality Assurance of Graduate Education in Mainland, China

Xu Junzhong

Abstract: Graduate education was re-established in 1978 in the mainland China. After developing for thirty years, the mainland China has become the No.1 superpower scale in graduate education in the world. This study reviewed this developing progress of graduate education in mainland China, including the main practices and experiences, and the main problems faced. This study will also predict the basic directions of reform and prospects of its development of graduate education in mainland China.

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

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教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

政策轉變背景中的兩岸教育交流

與合作──以廣州大學為例

政策轉變背景中的兩岸教育交流与合作

——以廣州大學為例

劉 暉

（廣州大學教育政策研究中心主任、博士、教授）

Educational Exchanges and Cooperation of Cross-strait in the

Background of Policy Changes

--A Case Study of Guangzhou university

Liu Hui

Abstract: With cross-strait educational policy change, higher education exchanges and cooperation of cross strait are moving toward an increasingly open, pluralistic, in-depth direction. Through the exchange project of students and teachers, special training, joint research projects and other platforms, Guangzhou University(GZHU) fruitful to expand areas of cooperation, and show good prospects for cooperation. GZHU is looking forward to continue to promote innovative institutional mechanisms, set up diversified cooperation platform, create a new realm of cross-strait cooperation in education.

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

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教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

大陸與臺灣高校通識

教育政策比較

On the comparison of general education policy in Mainland and

Taiwan university

Abstract

‚General education‛ is a concept of Exotic for the mainland and

TaiwanUniversity.In order to embed general education ideas and principles in thelocalhigher education, both need to overcome manysimilar cultural, institutional, conceptual, institutional barriers.Because of culturalcommonality, theadministrative controlof higher education, faculty divided within the institutionsand thesimilar division of Arts and Science in high school, the comparison of general education policy has a greater value for both.

As acomparative study ofgeneral educationpolicy,this study was conducted mainlyby theanalysis ofgeneral educationpolicy text and the academic literature,the

mainanalysisdimensions includinggeneral educationpolicy value-orientation, content

planningand design,policy formation andmethod of propulsion, type ofpolicy tools.The study concluded that：(1)Inthe 1980s,Mainland "University Students Cultural Quality

Education"andTaiwan's "implementation of the UniversityGeneral Educationelectivepoints" marked the startof institutionalizeduniversitygeneral education.In

thecentralizedcontrolsystemof higher education, the establishment of general education policywas joint efforts ofacademiclelite and government.(2)Taiwanhas gone through thelearningandimitation stageintothe new century "from popular to a new realm of

deepening‛",and formed general educationpatternwith local characteristics; mainlandis in the imitation stageinthe currentgeneral education, though extensivebut the pilothas not yet formeda significantfeatureofgeneral education.(3)In the following three decades,mainlandand Taiwan’suniversitygeneral educationpolicy developmentshowvery differentcontext.These differencesbetween thecross-straitgeneral educationpolicyembodied in such areas asthe government's efforts to promoteandimplementways,the higher education sectors’(especially university principal) response to policy, thederegulationof higher educationand institutional autonomy.

Finally, a case study comparison of general education curriculum planning was conducted between Guangzhou University andNational PingtungUniversity of Education, with the aim for the two universities to obtainmore operationalgeneral educationdesigning resources, to explorethe futureof innovativegeneral educationdevelopment.

六、一個個案比較：廣州大學和屏東教育大學大學生通識教育課程規

劃之比較

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

[1] 胡东芳. 课程政策研究—对“课程共有”的理论探索[D]. 教育科学学院, 上 海: 华东师范大学, 2001: 13.

[2] 胡东芳. 课程政策研究—对“课程共有”的理论探索[D]. 教育科学学院, 上 海: 华东师范大学, 2001: 15.

[3] Geneva G. Similar Concerns, Different Perspectives of Social Studies and Multicultural Education[J]. Social Studies Review, 2009 (Fall-Winter): 25-27.

[4] 中华人民共和国教育部. 全日制义务教育品德与生活课程标准（实验稿）[M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2002: 4. [5] 中华人民共和国教育部. 全日制义务教育品德与社会课程标准（实验稿）[M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2002: 1－2. [6] 中华民国教材研究发展学会编印. 九年一贯课程研讨会论文集：迈向课程新纪 元（下）[M]. 1999: 256－257. [7] 课程发展议会编订. 小学常识科课程指引（小一至小六）[EB/OL]. 2011. http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=2879&langno=2. [8] 黄光雄. 教育研究法[M]. 台北: 师大书苑有限公司, 2003: 230. [9] 谢宁. 《全球社会的多元文化教育》评介[J]. 国外社会科学, 1995 (7): 79－81. [10] James A. Banks C. A. M. B. Multicultrual Education Issues and Perspectives[M].

Hoboken: John Wiley ﹠Sons, Inc, 2004: 449.

[11] 陈枝烈. 排湾族文化之田野研究及其对国小社会科课程设计之启示[D]. 高雄: 国立高雄师范大学, 1994: 11.

[12] 地区－百科[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/115777.htm.

[13] James L. Multicultural Education in a Global Society[M]. Lewes: The Falmer Press, 1989: xi.

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

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兩 岸

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教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育券的是與非中國大陸與

臺灣幼兒教育券政策之比較

The advantages and disadvantages of Education Voucher

——the comparison between Chinese mainland Early Childhood education

voucher system and Taiwan’s

Zhou yan Du jinfeng

(Educational College of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006 )

Abstract

From the production of Education Voucher until now, different people have different opinions to it, someone support, the others are against. Throughout the implementation of Taiwan and Chinese Mainland area’ Early Childhood Education Voucher System, from the background of implementation to the implementation process and the finally effect, there are have some similarities, but there are also have great differences, The differences is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the backgrounds and goals；the schools which carry out the system ；the time of put out voucher and the initiative of parents’ choose；political factors and other related measures.

Finally, the suggestions were following：the practice should pay attention to the freedom of choice and the transparency of messages; equal opportunity and the antagonism of class; free competition and improving quality; giving priority to efficiency or fairness and so on.

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

李海燕

Reform Policies Contrast

of Public University Governance Structure

of Cross-strait

- Based on the Analysis of "University Act"

and the "Higher Education Act"

Li Haiyan

Abstract: Structural reforms of public universities are always under the guidance of

public policy together. From the late 20 century, Structural reform of public universities of both sides of Strait has the same path, which from the University of centralized control to rule by self-government and good-government, through a mandatory public policy – University laws and regulations. In this study, The author apply background analysis, goal analysis, content analysis and the results of analysis to compare "University Act" of Taiwan and "Higher Education Act" of the mainland, analyze the similarities and differences and problems of structural reform of public universities of both sides of Strait, explore the improvement strategies of them.

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

The analysis of organizational change perspective on the merged

reflection of Guangzhou University

Qingrui Chen, Kuang-Liang Chen, Hui-Yi Chang, Wang Hong

Abstract

At January 10, 2011 the Legislative Yuan passed the amendment about the "University Law" to Article 7. It stipulates that the Ministry of Education will lead the future of the National University and the entire work. It will influence the higher education reform in Taiwan. In contrast, since the 1990s, due to the amount over-expansion of higher education and the educational resources tight relatively, Mainland China which began to adjust the reform of the schools of higher education management system and layout of the structure. Till August 2004, the 1022 colleges merge to 416 colleges and universities of new formed in a total. Regardless of the whole efficiency of integration, this essay try to research and understand what is the key-point and the problem about the integration of the colleges in Mainland China ? The integration of the colleges and universities is the way which to adjust with the transition of environment. It is also the most effective measure. The paper is at the point of view of organization transition to research the integration policy of the colleges in Mainland China. Take the Guangzhou University for example. To describe what the reflection caused by the whole process and the referral to other universities.We could find something and the province thinks:

1.The leader of the reform should show his role function and construct the future prospect of the college.

2.To draw up the applicable mode of reform and reduce the resistance by the members of organization.

3.Timely communication and advocacy to understand what the members of the organization need.

4.To master the interference factors of reform and make sure the implementation of the process of reform.

1

Professor, National Pingtung University of Education 2

Doctoral student, National Pingtung University of Education 3

Doctoral student, National Pingtung University of Education 4

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John P. Kotter 著；邱如美譯(2002)。領導人的變革法則(Leading Change)。台北市： 天下。

Bruce, H. K., & Scott, D. (2000). Forces driving organizational change: A business school perspective. Journal of Education for Business, 75(3), 133-137.

Jakson, D. S. (2000). The school improvement journey: Perspective on leadership. School Leadership & Management, 20(1), 61-78.

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doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.

Robbins, S. P. (1992). Organizational behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

Research on Public University Governance –

Using President Selection in P Institute of Technology in

Taiwan as an Example

Liu Ching-Chung、Chang Wen-Ling

Abstract

Due to the impacts of low birth rate, globalization, education marketization and M-shaped society, issues related to university governance has been widely researched and discussed under the wave of higher education reforms across the strait. The theoretical bases of campus democracy include academic freedom, university autonomy and faculty governance. The implementation of university president selection is to carry out the concept of faculty governance and is the first step to university governance. In the past, presidents of public universities in Taiwan were designated by the central government. However, due to changes in politics and society and backlash to the existing system and that the concept of faculty governance was getting tremendous positive responses, the president generation system was changed from designated system to selection system after the University Act was amended in 1994. The amendment of the University Act in 2005 further changed the university president selection from two-stage selection to one-stage selection to fulfill the spirit of campus democracy. Open and rational discussion is the foundation for human civilization to develop and progress. In the research, the case study is the third president selection of P Institute of Technology in Taiwan. The information obtained through observation, document analysi s, literature review and interview was used to carry out the research. The actual implementation of president selection system in public university in Taiwan and the difficulties encountered were discussed. Conclusions and suggestions were proposed based on the research result to provide reference to universities and units that are in charge of education. Moreover, through the passing on of experiences in Taiwan, reference and reflection regarding the implementation of university governance, faculty governance and president selection are provided to universities in China.

Keywords: University governance, Academic Freedom, University autonomy, Faculty governance, University president selection

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Joughin, Louis （Ed.）. （1967）. Academic freedom and tenure: A handbook of the American Association of University Professors. Madison, W.I.: Univ. of Wisconsin Press.

Kerr, C. （2001）. The gold and the blue: A Personal memoir of the University of California, 1947-1967（2 vols.）. Berkeley, C.A.:Univ.of California Press. Kerr, Clark. （ 1982 ） . The Uses of the University （ 3thed. ） , Cambridge

Mass..Harvard University Press.

Millett, J. D. （ 1984 ） . Conflict in higher education: State government coordination versus institutional independence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Pincoffs, E. L. （Ed.）. （1975）. the concept of academic freedom. Austin, T.X.:

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Rohrs Hermann （1995）. The classical German concept of the university and its influence on higher education in the United States. New York: P. Lang. Sporn, B. （ 2006 ） . Governance and Administration: Organizational and

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屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

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教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

走過臺灣公立大學治理之路

On the road of public university governance in Taiwan

Liu Ching-Chung、Luo Li-Chun、Chuang Wen-Chin、Chang Wen-Ling、Chen Ming

Abstract

The 21st century is the knowledge economy era. Moving on from the past which had professional skill as the main demand, knowledge-based innovative development becomes the key to stand out and win in the internationalized world. University education that nurtures high-level staff therefore bears heavy burden for this and is even responsible for the success and failure of a country’s national strength. Taiwan is gradually moving toward university autonomy and has made great progress in maintaining academic freedom. First of all, in terms of university governance system, the central government was in power in the very beginning and the bureaucracy system where the president was designated by the central government was applied. It is changed to president selection, which is implemented by every university now. The university recruits candidates with outstanding ability and representatives of teaching staff in the university select appropriate candidate to be the president of the university. This way the possibility where the government controls the university development is highly reduced. In the meanwhile, as well as reducing the government’s economy burden in developing university education and promoting the rationalization of educational resource, the implementation of endowment fund stimulates the university’s self-management and performance improvement abilities and fulfills university autonomy. In the future, universities will move toward the goal of university corporation to allow universities to become authority-matched independent individuals. Following the development and path of public universities in Taiwan in the past century, literature analysis is applied in the research to guide everyone to walk on the path where public universities in Taiwan moved toward self-governance. From experiences in the past and current practice, the content and changes in university governance system are explored to understand relative influence factors and promotion effects. In addition to carry out self-reflection, the results can be used as examples for universities in other countries.

的法人化經驗。 (二)成大之衝擊與挑戰 賴校長及成大行政團隊了解必頇組成一校際諮議小組主導成大法人 化的大業。但「大學法人化」經費壓力將造成的是對品質的衝擊，對自主、 責任和良善的治校也都會帶來衝擊，並提出將有下列疑慮包含： 1.成大的校際諮議小組必頇由具有豐富領導經驗、對於法人化議題有深刻 內 省和學術視見、並擁有堅實國際背景的成員組成才能達成任務。 2.成員必頇在最後召開會議前努力研究相關議題。成大必頇儘可能提供真 實的資料和背景，.使成員在深度和廣度兩方面有最佳貢獻，如此本校 際諮議小組才能為成功大學發展最貼切的法人化方略。以下敘述表 5-1 成功大學行政法人化歷程如表 5-1 與成功大學實施大學自主治理研究行 政化一覽表如 5-2。 表5-1 成功大學行政法人化歷程表 第一階段 賴明詔校長特別指派副校長馮達旋於 2009 年在學校召開校長諮議委員會 議，邀請美、加、臺等大學校長提供學校變革建言 第二階段 專家建議成立「大學自主治理委員會」 第三階段 帶領研究團隊前往韓國國立首爾大學、加州大學、伊利諾大學等校進行考察， 瞭解各校大學自主化變革的過程。 第四階段 2010 年 7 月正式展開「大學自主治理研究」 研究者自行整理 表 5-2 成功大學實施大學自主治理研究行政化一覽表 2010 年 7 月 4 日 5 日 主題 大學自主治理－國際諮詢委員會議及座談 認知 思考我國高教體質更新，提升高教品質，迎接未來國際挑戰 探討 議題 1.針對大學自主治理研究等問題進行廣泛討論。 2.進行校園座談會：強調成功大學「國立」屬性不變，教職員受公務員保障的機制亦 不變，也希望藉由法人化改善行政效率，為學生創造更好的學習環境。 展望 1.廣納各界先進之智慧及經驗。 2.建構最適合成大未來發展之模式。 3.提供臺灣高等教育以及研究團隊興革意見。 主持 人 成大政治系主任暨政治經濟研究所所長楊永年教授主持，成大校長賴明詔院士、成大 資深執行副校長馮達旋。 與會 香港教育大學莫家豪副校長分享 1.香港高等教育治理改革的作法： 香港政府投入大量的經費在高等教育方面。香港區內大學最主要的優勢在於由 學者治校，人才的調配、編制等都由學校自主治理，政府的角色只給予學校宏觀的政 策，但不干涉課程的規劃；香港高等教育管治特色。 一是治而不管(Governance without Government)，相信專家學者能治校。二是管而不治(Governance rather than

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屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

2

英文摘要

In the condition of inheriting Confucianism, Taiwan and China both have the ideology of education is the chief factor cause prosperity of countries. Albeit the execution of Nine-Year Compulsary Education are distinct since the separation in 1949, however, China did uptmost to keep up Taiwan's phase to practice the compulsory education in 1986 as far as present concerned. Nowadays, Taiwan and China both are being under revolutionized in the high education for the purpose of developing outstanding personnel. For instance, on account of getting rid of the paper tests, Taiwan has progressed toward Multi-Opportunities School Entrance and announced open admmission to senior high school will be fully implemented in 2012 and Beijing has put comprehensive quality assessment pattern in addition to paper test. It is not hazardous to tell that Taiwan and China are attempting to create an appropriate, reasonable and broaden road to provide students having more chances to upgrade themselves. Consequently, this paper attempts to concentrate on the senior high school admmission system in Taiwan and China by exploring the historical development firstly, then analyze the current senior high school system of Taiwan and China. Finally, aiming for supplying the most suitable admission elements to both sides of the taiwan straits.

keywords：open admmission to senior high school、comprehensive quality assessment

屏東 教育大學 、廣州大 學

屏 東教育大 學、廣州 大學

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

兩 岸

兩 岸

S

S

E

E

P

P

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

教育 政策 學術 研討 會

河北師範大學「頂崗支教實習」

制度對台灣教育實習制度之啟示

The inspiration of 「substitutive & supportive teaching

practice」system in Hebei Normal University to Taiwan’s

educational apprentice system

Abstract

The educational practice system in Taiwan’s teacher cultivation has been revised by way of “Normal education Law” and “Teacher Cultivation Act”, then, the new educational practice system established in 2002 has been towards the first ten years, but whether it is impeccable? Whether could it cultivate excellent teachers in educational spots? It is worthy of reflection. The developments of economy, society and internationalization in Chinese have been very shining during those years, they also have quite impeccable layout of systems in cultivating and training teachers for elementary and high schools, especially recently there are many higher normal colleges launching the system of “substitutive & supportive teaching practice” as the revolutionary apprentice system for teachers. Those revolutions have not only enhanced the professionalism for teachers both in the future and at present, but also drove normal colleges and rural schools to similar development. By way of researching and exploring the substitutive & supportive teaching practice system in Hebei Normal University, it is found there are inspirations to Taiwan’s educational practice system as follows: (1) Taiwan could reinforce the fulfillment of professional education curricula and increase the credits of educational practice course; (2) Teacher’s job could be completely substituted by normal student teacher so as to enhance the capacities of teaching and class management; (3) Sustaining education could be provided for school teachers’ on-the-job training so as to promote their abilities for guiding the practice of normal college students; (4) Web exchange platform for educational practice could be installed to expand information sharing; (5) The mechanism of funding guarantee should be built up to pursue earmarking and set up quality educational training institutions; (6) The function of practice supervisor should be reinforced who would provide practice g uidance and life counseling in time. Learn from the mistakes of others so that you do not make any. In terms of Chinese “substitutive & supportive teaching practice system”, we could see the defects of educational practice system in Taiwan. And by way of incessantly modifying the system, it could provide the best learning for Taiwan interns before they go into the workplace.