第五章 結論與建議
第三節 後續研究與建議
本研究經過分析後獲得許多突破性的結果,但仍有許多地方值得後續研究探 討。基於時間、人力、物力上的考量,本研究受限於研究樣本,較注重於製造業 特定行業,因此後續研究者可以針對更多不同產業如服務業、物流業、配銷業再 做一次驗證,以使本議題的研究更加完善。對組織而言,從即時通訊使用及溝通 效果的檢驗,能夠幫助組織整合與應用此新興的溝通媒體,進而建立組織內更有 效的溝通方式,因此即時通訊對通訊成本的降低影響也值得後續研究再去進行研 究實證。而本研究中其任務特性構面信度稍低,其可能代表受測者中任務內容多 元化,所需之功用多樣性,後續研究可將依照員工任務需求加以分門別類將更能 完整分析出使用者的使用感受,以探討對其適配度之關聯。員工所遭遇到的工作 問題的困難及複雜程度也與使用者個人的能力有相關。若使用者具有積極進取的 特質、受過良好的訓練或者是對他們所使用的資訊系統有較佳的理解力或操作能 力,對資訊系統的配適程度會有顯著影響,對使用者個人特質的了解與輔導亦是 企業促成資訊系統成功的關鍵。因此如何改善使用者個人能力,增進其自我效能 並探討與任務─科技配適度相關的關係,亦是未來可以探討的研究主題。
67 Pamela S. Schindler)臺北市: 華泰文化。(原著出版年:2008)
朱文禎、陳哲賢 (2007)。探討虛擬社群之知識分享行為-以線上遊戲社群為例。電
周文賢 (2004)。多變量統計分析:Multivariate statistical analysis.
林妤玲 (2007)。影響行動加值服務採用意願之因素:使用情境的效果。(未出版之
68 月 20 日,檢自: http://www.insightxplorer.com/news/news_02_23_05.html 創市際市場研究顧問公司 (2006a)。IM 普及率破九成 附加功能玩行銷。上網日
期:2011 年 11 月 20 日,檢自:
http://www.insightxplorer.com/news/news_03_24_06.html
創市際市場研究顧問公司 (2006b)。即時通訊軟體使用情形調查。上網日期:2011 年 11 月 20 日,檢自:
69 characterization of the N-linked oligosaccharide stuctures on P-selectin Glycoprotein ligand-1. Cell Res, 11,28-36.
Adler, R. P., & Christopher, A. J. (1998). Internet community primer- overview &
business opportunity.
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior, In j. Kuhl& j.
Beckmann (Eds.), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. NY: Springer
Verlag, 11-39.
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 665-683.
Anandarajan, M., Zaman, M., Qizhi Dai, Q., & Arinze, B. (2010). Generation Y Adoption of Instant Messaging: An Examination of the Impact of Social Usefulness and Media Richness on Use Richness. IEEE Transactions on
Professional Communication, 53(2), 132-143.
Anita, L. B., & Markus, M. L. (2004). The experienced "sense" of a virtual community:
characteristics and processes. Database for Advances in Information Systems,
35(1),65-79.
Attaran, M., & Attaran, S. (2002). Collaborative computing technology: The hot new managing tool. . Journal of management development, 21, 598- 609.
Bagozzi, R., & Yi, I. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of
the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bajaj, A., & Nidumolu, S. R. (1998). A feedback model to understand information system usage. Information and Management, 33, 213 224.
Bardo, J. (1976). Dimensions of Community Staisfaction in a British New Town.
Multivariate Experimental Clinical Research, 129-134.
70
Berry, L. L., Seiders, K., & Grewal, D. (2002). Understanding service convenience,.
Journal of Marketing, 66(3), 1-17.
Blanchard, A. L., & Markus, M. L. (2004). The experienced “sense” of a virtual community: characteristics and processes. Database for Advances in
Information Systems, 35, 64-79.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task Performance and Contextual Performance: The Meaning for Personnel Selection Research. Human
Performance, 10(2), 99-109.
Cameron, A. F., & Webster, J. (2005). Unintended consequences of emerging
communication technologies: Instant Messaging in the workplace. Computers in
Human Behavior, 21(1), 85-103.
Campbell, J. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and
organizational psychology.
Carol, X. J. O., & Davison, R. M. (2011). Interactive or interruptive? Instant messaging at work. Decision Support Systems, 61-72.
Catherine, R. M., Gefen, D., & Arinze, B. (2002). Some Antecedents and Effects of Trust in Virtual Communities. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(3), 271-295.
Chakravarthy, B. S. (1986). Measuring Strategic Performance. Strategic Management
Journal, 7(5), 437-458.
Chen, Y. H., & Barnes, S. (2007). Initial trust and online buyer behaviour. Industrial
Management and Data Systems, 107(1), 21-36.
Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2009). Understanding the Sustainability of a Virtual Community: Model Development and Empirical Test. Journal of
Information Science, 35(3), 179-298.
D'Ambra, J., & Wilson, C. S. (2004). Use of the World Wide Web for international travel: Integrating the construct of uncertainty in information seeking and the task-technology fit (TTF) model. Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology, 55(7), 731-742.
D’Ambra, J., & Rice, R. E. (2001). Emerging factors in user evaluation of the World Wide Web. Information & Management, 38(6), 373-384.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 318-340.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989 ). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science,
35(8), 982-1003.
Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. G. (1995). A Student of Normative and Informationa; Social
71
Influence upon Individual Judgment. Journal of Abnormal and Sovial
Psychology, 51, 629-636.
Dirinks, K. T. (2000). Trust in Leadership and Team Performance: Evidence From NCAA Basketball. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84,445-455.
Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An Examination of the Nature of Trust in Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 61(April), 35-51.
Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap methods: Another look at the jackknife. Annals of Statistics,
7, 1-26.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research Reading,. MA: Addison-Wesley.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equations with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gaines, B. R., Li-Jen Chen & L. G. Shaw. (1997). Modeling the Human Factors of Scholarly Communities Supported through the Internet and World Wide Web.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48(11), 987-1003.
Gerald, F. (2002). Network effects and merger analysis: instant messaging and the AOL–Time Warner case. Telecommunications Policy, 26(5-6), 311-333.
Glynn, T. (1981). Psychological Sense of Community: Measurement and Application.
Human Relations, 34(9), 780-818.
Goodhue, D. L. (1998). Supporting Users of Corporate Data: The Effect of I/S Policy Choices.
Goodhue, D. L., & Thompson, R. L. (1995). Task-technology Fit and Individual Performance. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 213- 236.
Hampton, K., & Wellman, B. (2001). Long Distance Community in the Network Society: Contact and Support Beyond Netville. American Behavioral Scientist,
45(3), 479-495.
Heijden, H. v. d., Tibert, V., & Marcel, C. (2003). Understanding online purchase intentions: Contributions from technology and trust perspectives. European
Journal of Information Systems, 12(1), 41-48.
Hof, R. (1997). Internet communities. Business Week, 64-80.
Hsu, C. L., & Lu, H. P. (2004). Why do People Play On-Line Games ? An Extended TAM with Social Influences and Flow Experience. Information &
Management, 41(7), 853-868.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R., L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations,. New York:
Wiiey., 21.
Kingdom, J. (1992). No Such Thing as Society? Individualism and Community.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
72
Lane, P. J., & Lubatkin, M. (1998). Relative Absorptive Capacity and
Interorganizational Learning. Strategic Management Journal, 19(5), 461-477.
Lascu, D., & Zinkhan, G. (1999). Consumer Conformity: Review and Applications for Marketing Theory and Practice. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(3), 1-12.
Lou, H., Luo, W., & Strong, D. (2000). Perceived Critical Mass Effect on Groupware Acceptance. European Journal of Information Systems, 9(2), 91-103.
Luor, T., Wu, L.-l., Lu, H.-P., & Tao, Y.-H. (2010). The effect of emoticons in simplex and complex task-oriented communication: An empirical study of instant messaging. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 889-895.
Mattila, A. S., & Enz, C. A. (2002). The role of emotions in service encounters. Journal
of Service Research, 4(4), 268-278.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integratiive model of organizational trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for
interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal,,
38(1), 4-59.
McCarter, M. W., & Northcraft, G. B. (2007). Happy together? Insights and
implications of viewing managed supply chain as a social dilemma. Journal of
Operations Management Science, 25(2), 498- 51111.
McClea, M., Yen, D. C., & Huang, A. (2004). An analytical study towards the development of a standardized IM application. Computer Standards &
Interfaces, 26(4), 343-355.
McGill, T. J., & Klobas, J. E. (2009). A task–technology fit view of learning management system impact. Computers & Education, 52(2), 496-508.
McKeen, J. D., Guimaraes, T., & Wetherbe, J. C. (1994). The Relationship Between User Participation and User Satisfaction: An Investigation of four Contingency Factors. MIS Quarterly, 18(4), 427-451.
McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6-23.
Moon, J. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context.
[Article]. Information & Management, 38(4), 217-230.
Morris, P. (2007). Glimpses of community on the web.
Motowidlo, S. J., & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied.
Nan, Z., Guo, X.-h., & Chen, G.-q. (2007). Extended Information Technology Initial Acceptance Model and Its Empirical Test. Systems Engineering - Theory &
73
Practice, 27(9), 123-130.
Nardi, B., Whittaker, S., & Bradner, E. (2000). Interaction and outeraction: Instant messaging in action. Proceedings of CSCW.79-88.
Nasar, J., & Julian. (1995). The Psychological Sense of Community in the
Neighborhood. Journal of the American Planning Association, 61(2), 178-184.
Newbrough, J. R., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Psychological Sense of Community, I Foreword. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 3-5.
Ou, C. X. J., & Davison, R. M. (2011). Interactive or interruptive? Instant messaging at work. Decision Support Systems.
Parkhe, A. (1998). Understanding Trust International Alliances. Journal of Business,
33(3), 219-240.
Patil, S., & Kobsa, A. (2010). Enhancing privacy management support in instant messaging. Interacting with Computers, 22(3), 206-217.
Rachael, I. K. F. (2005). An Exploratory Study on how Weblog Technologies fit Virtual Community Members Social Neeeds. Proceedings of the Eleventh Americas
Conference on Information Systems, 11- 14. Retrieved at 2011.10
Radicati, G. (2004). Enterprise IM Users to Reach 362 Million by 2004, from
http://business.highbeam.com/436102/article-1G1-117977218/enterprise-im-use rs-reach-362-million-2004-new-study
Ray, O. (1993). Big companies plug big causes for big gains. Business & Society Review,
83, 22-23.
Rex. (2007), from http://buzz.itrue.com.tw/blog
Rovai, A. P. (2002). Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning, and persistence in asynchronous learning networks. Journal of Internet and Higher Education,
5(319-332).
Sarason, S. B. (1986). Commentary: The Emergence of a Conceptual Center. Journal of
Community Psychology, 14, 405-407.
Selnes, F., & Sallis, J. (2003). Promoting Relationship Learning. Journal of marketing,
67(3), 80-95.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995a). Assessing IT usage: The Role of Prior Experience.
MIS Quarterly, 19(4), 561-570.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995b). Understanding Information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144-176.
Thompson, R., Higgins, C., & Howelt, J. (1991). Personal Computing: Toward a Conceptual Model of Utilization. MIS Quarterly, 15(1), 125-143.
To, P.-L., Liao, C., Chiang, J. C., Shih, M.-L., & Chang, C.-Y. (2008). An empirical investigation of the factors affecting the adoption of Instant Messaging in
74
organizations. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 30, 148-156.
Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relation: does investment in employees pay off.
Academy of Management Journal,, 40(5), PP. 1059-1121.
Van der Heijden, H. (2003). Factors influencing the usage of websites: the case of a generic portal in The Netherlands. Information & Management, 40(6), 541- 549.
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of The Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies. Management Science,
46(2), 186-204.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measwement of Business Performance on Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approach. Academy of Management
Review, 11(4), 801-814.
Vessey, I., & Galletta, D. (1991). Cognitive fit: an empirical study of information acquisition. Information systems research, 2(1), 63-86.
Wixom, B. H., & Todd, P. A. (2005). A theoretical integration of user satisfaction and technology acceptance. Information Systems Research 16(1), 85- 102.
Zhang, J., Pantula, S. G., & Boos, D. D. (1991). Robust methods for testing the patterm of a single covariance matrix. . Biometrika, 78, 787-795.
Zigurs, I., & Buckland, B. K. (1998). A Theory of Task/Technology Fit and Group Support Systems Effectiveness. MIS Quarterly, 22(3), 313-334.
75
□MSN Messenger □Yahoo! Messenger □Skype □Google Talk □ICQ
□其他_____
76
77
78
79
第七部份:下列問題是想了解您對任務績效的情況,請圈選您的同意程度。
請在數字上勾選您的同意程度,數字愈小代表愈不同意,「7」
代表非常同意,「1」代表非常不同意
非 常 不 同 意
. .
無 意 見
. .
非 常 同 意 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. 我能達成預定的工作目標 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 2. 我對突發事件能夠及時處理回應 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 3. 我能主動與同事溝通協調工作方法或工作進度 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 4. 我認為我的工作績效高於其他同仁 □ □ □ □ □ □ □
____________________________________________________________________
問卷到此結束,非常感謝您的協助!
請再確認您沒有遺漏任何一題後,請將問卷交(傳)回給發放問卷者謝謝您!