第三章 我國獨立董事與功能性委員會之引進及運作
第四節、 我國擴大強制設置獨立董事與審計委員會範圍
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2.職司業務決策及監督權之矛盾:一旦由全體獨立董事組成審計委員會,則 在我國未區分執行與非執行董事之情形下,可能形成同時擁有業務決策及執行之 權又負有監督之職責,自己監督自己之窘境,恐怕有違制衡之設計。
3.賦予預審權之問題:《證券交易法》第十四條之五第一項賦予審計委員會 之預審權是否為業務決策權容有疑義,又於同條第二項規定未經審計委員會通過 仍可經董事會三分之二以上同意推翻審計委員會之決議,等同給予一不具拘束力 之權限,並不妥當。
4.審計委員會制度之功效仍不明:現行我國若干上市公司依法自行設置審計 委員會取代監察人,且審計委員會大量準用監察人之規定,以多數決監督方式取 代個別單獨行使監督權是否較有效仍不可知,審計委員會之監督功能是否較監察 人為佳,仍待時間及實證之證明。
第四節 我國擴大強制設置獨立董事與審計委員會範圍
依據法規授權之下,現行有效函令如下:
一、獨立董事
( 一 ) 行 政 院 金 融 監 督 管 理 委 員 會 民 國 95 年 03 月 28 日 金 管 證 一 字 第 0950001616 號函
依據證券交易法第十四條之二規定,已依本法發行股票之金融控股公司、銀 行、票券、保險及上市 (櫃) 或金融控股公司子公司之綜合證券商,暨實收資本 額達新臺幣五百億元以上非屬金融業之上市 (櫃) 公司,應於章程規定設置獨立 董事,其人數不得少於二人,且不得少於董事席次五分之一。
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( 二 ) 行 政 院 金 融 監 督 管 理 委 員 會 民 國 100 年 03 月 22 日 金 管 證 發 字 第 1000010723 號函
一、依據證券交易法第十四條之二規定,已依本法發行股票之金融控股公司、
銀行、票券、保險、證券投資信託事業、綜合證券商及上市(櫃)期貨商,暨實 收資本額達新臺幣一百億元以上非屬金融業之上市(櫃)公司,應於章程規定設 置獨立董事,其人數不得少於二人,且不得少於董事席次五分之一。
二、依據證券交易法第一百八十一條之二規定,依前點規定須設置獨立董事 者,得自現任董事或監察人任期屆滿時,始適用之。但已依本法發行股票之證券 投資信託事業、非屬上市(櫃)或金融控股公司子公司之綜合證券商及上市(櫃)
期貨商,暨實收資本額達新臺幣一百億元以上未滿新臺幣五百億元非屬金融業之 上市(櫃)公司,現任董事、監察人任期如係於中華民國一百年屆滿,得自中華 民國一百年選任之董事、監察人任期屆滿時始適用之。
三、本令自即日生效;本會九十五年三月二十八日金管證一字第○九五○○
○一六一六號令自即日廢止。
二、審計委員會
(一)證券交易法九十五年一月十一日增訂之第十四條之四第一項
已依本法發行股票之公司,應擇一設置審計委員會或監察人。但主管機關得 視公司規模、業務性質及其他必要情況,命令設置審計委員會替代監察人;其辦 法,由主管機關定之。
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( 二 ) 行 政 院 金 融 監 督 管 理 委 員 會 民 國 102 年 02 月 20 日 金 管 證 發 字 第 1020004592 號函
一、依據證券交易法第十四條之四規定,已依本法發行股票之金融控股公司、
銀行、票券公司、保險公司與上市(櫃)或金融控股公司子公司之綜合證券商,
及實收資本額達新臺幣五百億元以上非屬金融業之上市(櫃)公司,應設置審計 委員會替代監察人。但前開金融業如為金融控股公司持有發行全部股份者,得擇 一設置審計委員會或監察人。
二、依據證券交易法第一百八十一條之二規定,依前點規定設置審計委員會 者,得自現任董事或監察人任期屆滿時,始適用之;現任董事、監察人任期如係 於中華民國一百零二年屆滿,得自一百零二年選任之董事、監察人任期屆滿時,
始適用之。
三、本令自即日生效。
三、擴大設置獨立董事與審計委員會設置範圍
行政院金融監督管理委員會金管證發字第 10200499561 號:預告訂定有關證 券交易法第十四條之四強制設置審計委員會之適用範圍規定草案,及廢止本會中 華民國一百零二年二月二十日金管證發字第一○二○○○四五九二號令。
重點說明如下:
一、擴大獨立董事設置範圍:採一次到位方式要求所有上市(櫃)公司於 104 年至 106 年間完成獨立董事之設置。
二、擴大審計委員會設置範圍,將分階段進行,並於 106 年時評估推動之狀 況再行檢討後續全面實施之時程:
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(一)公開發行股票之證券投資信託事業、綜合證券商、上市(櫃)期貨商及實 收資本額達新臺幣 100 億元以上未滿 500 億元之非屬金融業之上市(櫃)公司應 於 104 至 106 年間完成審計委員會之設置。
(二)實收資本額達新臺幣 20 億元以上未滿 100 億元之非屬金融業上市(櫃)
公司應於 106 至 108 年間完成審計委員會之設置。
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90 § 141. Board of directors; powers; number, qualifications, terms and quorum; committees; classes of directors; nonstock corporations; reliance upon books; action without meeting; removal
(c)(1) All corporations incorporated prior to July 1, 1996, shall be governed by this paragraph (c)(1) of this section, provided that any such corporation may by a resolution adopted by a majority of the whole board elect to be governed by paragraph (c)(2) of this section, in which case this paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall not apply to such corporation. All corporations incorporated on or after July 1, 1996, shall be governed by paragraph (c)(2) of this section. The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate 1 or more committees, each committee to consist of 1 or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate 1 or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. The bylaws may provide that in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not the member or members present constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors, or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to amending the certificate of incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the board of directors as provided in § 151(a) of this title, fix the designations and any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any
distribution of assets of the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the corporation or fix the number of shares of any series of stock or authorize the increase or decrease of the shares of any series), adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation under § 251, § 252, § 254, § 255, § 256, § 257, § 258, § 263 or § 264 of this title, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and assets,
recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the bylaws of the corporation; and, unless the resolution, bylaws or certificate of
incorporation expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to § 253 of this title.
(2) The board of directors may designate 1 or more committees, each committee to consist of 1 or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate 1 or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the
committee. The bylaws may provide that in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors, or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to the following matter: (i) approving or adopting, or recommending to