第六章 綜合討論
第四節 研究的貢獻
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肆、 研究對象的類推
本研究的對象是以大學生及研究生為主，因此在喚醒參與者死亡想法的方式，
也是以大學生為主的短文故事腳本出發。所以若是要喚醒非這一年齡層的參與者，
可能在類推上會遇到困難。
此外，在研究過程中，發現大學生對於自身文化的認同程度不一。因此建議 往後的研究者，可以事前先測量研究對象對於本身文化的認同程度，如此一來更 能區別出文化世界觀的防衛方式，是基於國籍不同，還是認同程度不同。
第四節 研究的貢獻
壹、 注意力的研究取向
在過去西方恐懼管理理論的遠端防衛研究中，大部分研究的依變項是以態度 的方式測量，請參與者主觀評估對自身文化世界觀的偏好（Jonas et al., 2005;
Nelson et al., 1997），甚少有從其他角度切入思考。
本研究的貢獻在於：以認知處理歷程的第一步，注意力的處理，切入恐懼管 理理論的研究內。雖然仍有許多實驗設計和控制未能全盤考慮，但已提供後續研 究者一個新的研究思考路徑，可繼續釐清死亡想法與文化世界觀之間的連結。
貳、 新的實驗操弄方式
本研究提供了新的操弄方式，以短文故事的方式讓參與者閱讀。短文不僅以 第一人稱的角度，讓參與者閱讀文章時，盡量能想像自己就是故事中的主角。且 在閱讀短文後的相關問題之中，也詢問一些個人切身的經驗，加強故事與個人經 驗之間的聯結。最後，仍保留典型的身心問卷（Greenberg et al., 1990; Rosenblatt et al., 1989），藉由這樣子的方式加強參與者的死亡感受。在本研究之中的兩次實 驗都以此方式進行，且皆能成功地操弄參與者死亡感受，提供未來研究者適切的 操弄方式。
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參、 新的實驗檢核工具
在檢核死亡想法的方式上，本研究自行發展出新的操弄檢核工具，如附錄 5 所示。此工具請參與者在限時的時間內，盡量圈選出有意義的兩個字詞彙，並透 過事前範例的說明，以及指導詞彙閱讀的方式有各種可能（由上往下、由下往上、
由左往右、由右往左，或是斜讀），以檢核出參與者的死亡想法觸接性程度。相 較於過去的片段單字完成作業，本研究工具可以避免詞頻的干擾，並且以內隱的 方式測量，使得參與者較不易猜測此工具的使用目的。經過本研究中兩次實驗的 使用，發現實驗組圈選出死亡詞彙的數量，確實顯著地高於控制組所圈選的數量，
因此表示該檢核工具在實驗中能夠檢驗出死亡想法觸接性的程度。此外，建議未 來的研究者，可將此工具呈現於電腦螢幕上，直接請參與者透過電腦圈選出詞彙，
同時以眼動儀器紀錄眼動軌跡，如此一來，既可以分析圈選的資料（如：圈選所 花費的時間），又可得到眼動資料（如：參與者瀏覽方格的路徑）。
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