第五章 結論與建議
第三節 研究限制及對未來研究建議
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二、協助單親父母維繫或建立社會支持網絡
本研究結果發現有與母親或父母雙方同住的單親父母，確實比不同住者有較 低的家庭-工作衝突，可知原生父母是一個非常重要的社會支持來源。林萬億與 吳季芳（1993）研究結果指出，若有與父母、親友經常保持來往的單親父母，明 顯能夠舒緩其獨力扶養子女的困境，陳靜雁（2003）也指出單親母親有娘家協助 照顧子女的話，不但可以減輕負擔也能夠節省托育支出。因此建議單親家庭服務 機構深入瞭解單親父母家中同住者以及其社會網絡情形，增強並維繫單親父母與 現有社會網絡的連結，對於缺乏社會支持網絡單親父母，則提供適切的資源管道。
第三節 研究限制及對未來研究建議
壹、樣本數量上的限制
由於「社會發展趨勢調查-家庭生活」是針對全國所進行的調查，並非完全 以單親家庭為主要調查對象，因此1998 年篩選出符合本研究有工作、有 18 歲以 下未婚子女之研究對象，合計樣本數只有183 人，以致於沒有辦法進一步針對群 體差異做更詳細的分析。建議未來研究能以單親父母為主要研究對象，並增加樣 本數和擴大異質性，使單親父母工作家庭衝突的研究更加完善。
貳、研究對象篩選造成的限制
由於 1998 年「社會發展趨勢調查-家庭生活」，問卷中設定只要曾經有過工 作經驗者，即必須填答工作家庭衝突問項，不過2006 年則將規定限制在一年以 內有工作者才需填答工作家庭衝突問項。本研究為求兩個年度樣本的一致性，而 將未就業的單親父母排除在研究對象之外，此舉可能會過濾掉目前沒有工作，但
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家庭-工作衝突的樣本，其中又以女性遭遇此種情形的機會大於男性，根據 Nieva 與 Gutek 的說法，由於大多數女性仍背負著傳統性別角色的包袱，即使工作也 要負起照顧家庭的主要責任，而在工作和家庭之間倍感角色衝突和家庭負荷過 重，便可能採取「職業中斷」的方式作為平衡工作和家庭角色所需（引自王麗容，
1995）。因此在本研究中篩選掉目前無工作的單親父母此一作法，便可能導致單 親母親的家庭-工作衝突有被低估之虞的限制。
參、研究變項尚不充分
因 1998 年「社會發展趨勢調查-家庭生活」是「人力資源調查」的附帶調查，
所以在1998 年原始資料庫中尚包含有工作時間、工作職務等與工作相關之變項 資料，不過2006 年「社會發展趨勢調查-家庭生活」已經成為獨立的專案調查，
並未包括1998 年有關人力資源調查之工作相關變項。準此，本研究為求兩個年 度在分析和討論時的一致性，因此在工作方面的變項，僅對兩個年度單親就業父 母的工作身分以加控制。
此外，本研究以生理上的性別來分析單親父母工作家庭衝突之性別差異，因 此對於性別所造成工作家庭衝突上的差異，也只能以傳統性別角色分工男性重視 工作角色、女性重視家庭角色來推論，不過隨著社會變遷兩性逐漸平等，男女兩 性對於工作角色或家庭角色的認同可能已不再根深蒂固，建議未來研究可探討單 親父母對工作角色及家庭角色的認同情形，以及其與工作家庭衝突之關係。
最後，許多以雙薪家庭為研究對象的研究證實，配偶的支持有助於減少個人 工作家庭衝突，顯示配偶的支持情形會影響到工作家庭衝突的高低。若從此論點 出發，本研究發現未婚者之工作-家庭衝突比離婚或分居以及喪偶者還高，推測 可能與不同單親成因之單親父母是否獲得前配偶（伴侶）或前配偶（伴侶）家庭 之支持，如金錢上的遺產、贍養費、任務上的子女照顧和情緒上的支持有關係，
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但本研究受限於無法取得資料以做進一步分析，建議未來要進行單親父母工作家 庭衝突研究者，可考慮加入這個部分一起做更深入的探討，或許能夠更加釐清與 解釋不同單親原因的單親父母，其工作家庭衝突有差異的原因為何，以及是否有 助於減輕單親父母的工作家庭衝突。
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