第六章 結論與建議
第二節 研究限制與建議
本研究主要是探討在金融控股公司的控制管理下,各治理變數對於經營績效 的影響為何,且在目前尚未有金控購併的例子出現,以已合併他家銀行之金控公 司與未合併他家銀行之金控兩者間作一比較,瞭解這兩個群組的治理變數是否有 異,於實證過程中,乃有許多的限制存在,將其敘述如下,未來研究可針對該等 限制,採用適合之研究方式予以研究。
一、金融控股公司成立時間均不算長,以 2001 年最早成立的四家公司計算至今 仍未滿 3 年,以致本研究收集到的績效表現與待檢驗變數資料之樣本數不多,對 於績效的變數分析結果或許無法完全顯現與真實。因此在往後增加營運時間,拉 長比較年度後,所呈現出來的結果或許會較為可靠。
二、金融控股公司成立時點不一,於 2001 年底前成立者只有四家,其餘分別於
2002 年第 1 季或第 2 季陸續成立,第一金控更是遲至 2003 年 1 月 2 日才成立,
由於成立的時間不一,故本研究在分析金控成立前後績效表現差異時,比較基礎 有待考量,時間點的差異或許會影響結果。
三、金融控股公司間之子公司業別不同,是否影響其經營績效表現。
四、相關研究之實證資料主要取自台灣經濟新報社資料庫、財政部證券暨期貨管 理委員會上市(櫃)公司資訊資料庫與各公司財報、說明書與年報等公開資訊,
若資料有所遺露或錯誤,將會影響研究之結果。
本研究以目前所成立之金控公司作為分析對象,但不同的產業間會因不同的
特性與經營模式,造成彼此在公司治理的最適模型有所不同。雖然金控成立時日 稍短,但本研究仍有一些發現與結果值得不管是金控公司本身,還是投資大眾、
政府管制機關在未來的決策與執行上提供一些參考與建議;但是跨產業間的比較 則需要更進一步的探討與分析,以比較一般產業與金融行業究竟在治理模式有哪 些不同?又是哪些因素造成?這些待驗證的問題有賴於後續的研究與發展,本研 究希冀能在這方面提供一些結果與思考方向。
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附錄一、金融控股公司成立前後之績效表現
ROE(%)
2880 華南金(2001/12/19)
1998 1999 2000 2001(1/1~12/18) 2001(12/19~12/31) 2002 2003
華南銀行(2001/12/19) 9.92% 6.97% 6.21%
股東權益總額 71,046,986 76,283,818 77,595,308 呆帳-金融業務成本 4,226,887 8,389,359 10,273,131 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 14.38% 15.22% 16.14%
永昌證券(2001/12/19) -5.00% 6.96% -8.47%
股東權益總額 6,437,676 6,915,312 6,055,468 華南票券(2002/12/26)
華南產險(2003/8/15)
華南永昌投信(2003/8/15)
成立金融控股公司 (成立前) (成立後)
稅後純益 4,190,399 153,251 -26,506,134 10,101,554 股東權益總額 85,716,877 85,716,877 60,730,176 70,987,836
金控成立年之非年化 ROE-呆帳回復前 4.89% 0.18%
年化 ROE-呆帳回復前 5.07% 5.02% -43.65% 14.23%
呆帳-金融業務成本 14,746,999 14,746,999 56,734,764 10,637,737
按時間比例分配之非年化呆帳費用 14,221,763 525,236
扣除所得稅之呆帳費用(稅率 25%) 10,666,323 393,927 42,551,073 7,978,303 回復呆帳費用後之稅後淨利 14,856,722 547,178 16,044,939 18,079,857
金控成立年之非年化 ROE-呆帳回復後 17.33% 0.64%
年化 ROE-呆帳回復後 17.97% 17.92% 26.42% 25.47%
(加權平均 ROE) (2001 年化資料) (2001 年化資料)
ROE 比較(回復呆帳後) 12.77% 14.53% 14.36% 17.97% 17.92% 26.42% 25.47%
ROE 比較(回復呆帳前) 8.68% 6.97% 5.15% 5.07% 5.02% -43.65% 14.23%
金控成立前三年加權平均 ROE 之均值 6.93% (回復呆帳前) 13.89% (回復呆帳後)
金控成立前後 ROE 之差額 -1.91% (回復呆帳前) 4.04% (回復呆帳後)
註:除股東權益報酬率單位為百分比外,其餘單位為新台幣仟元
ROE(%)
2881 富邦金(2001/12/19)
1998 1999 2000 2001(1/1~12/18) 2001(12/19~12/31) 2002 2003
富邦產險(2001/12/19) 4.49% 8.14% 6.62%
股東權益總額 29,874,711 31,969,377 39,555,004 富邦證券(2001/12/19) 0.67% 8.18% 4.97%
股東權益總額 15,056,175 16,159,414 27,480,784 富邦人壽(2001/12/19) -15.27% -0.93% -13.60%
股東權益總額 3,972,071 3,691,033 6,763,134 富邦銀行(2001/12/19) 5.39% 8.31% 8.49%
股東權益總額 18,481,456 20,254,996 26,098,028 呆帳-金融業務成本 613,421 1,434,023 1,605,500 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 7.88% 13.62% 13.10%
ROE(%)
2882 國泰金(2001/12/31)
1998 1999 2000 2001(1/1~12/30) 2001(12/31) 2002 2003
國泰人壽(2001/12/31) 21.29% 18.92% 12.05%
股東權益總額 70,462,548 78,866,002 80,840,106 國泰銀行(2002/4/22) 4.87% 0.18% -33.51%
股東權益總額 14,424,260 14,450,530 10,759,492 呆帳-金融業務成本 174,800 547,800 4,678,770 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 5.78% 3.02% -0.90%
國泰產險(2002/4/22) 11.24% 12.64% 0.72%
股東權益總額 2,525,921 2,727,022 2,517,619 世華銀行(2002/12/18) 10.43% 10.50% 10.84%
股東權益總額 57,900,005 60,681,903 63,245,819 呆帳-金融業務成本 894,662 2,170,000 2,943,394 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 11.59% 13.18% 14.33%
ROE(%)
2883 開發金(2001/12/28)
1998 1999 2000 2001(1/1~12/27) 2001(12/28~12/31) 2002 2003
開發工銀(2001/12/28) 12.40% 10.92% 12.18%
股東權益總額 75,358,031 104,703,230 113,321,122 呆帳-金融業務成本 366,901 2,124,795 2,307,796 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 12.77% 12.44% 13.71%
菁英證券(2002/11/8) -9.11% -23.70% 3.31%
股東權益總額 2,285,259 1,799,385 1,862,462 大華證券(2002/11/8) 2.66% 5.85% 2.35%
股東權益總額 14,261,373 14,925,484 15,361,803
成立金融控股公司 (成立前) (成立後)
稅後純益 11,976,357 129,418 6,453,027 -13,041,233 股東權益總額 136,284,575 136,284,575 128,473,033 114,970,795 金控成立年之非年化 ROE-呆帳回復前 8.79% 0.09%
年化 ROE-呆帳回復前 8.89% 8.67% 5.02% -11.34%
呆帳-金融業務成本 2,182,923 2,182,923 1,444,819 6,460,740 按時間比例分配之非年化呆帳費用 2,159,001 23,922
扣除所得稅之呆帳費用(稅率 25%) 1,619,250 17,942 1,083,614 4,845,555
回復呆帳費用後之稅後淨利 13,595,607 147,360 7,536,641 -8,195,678 金控成立年之非年化 ROE-呆帳回復後 9.98% 0.11%
年化 ROE-呆帳回復後 10.09% 9.87% 5.87% -7.13%
(加權平均 ROE) (2001 年化資料) (2001 年化資料)
ROE 比較(回復呆帳後) 10.66% 11.09% 12.22% 10.09% 9.87% 5.87% -7.13%
ROE 比較(回復呆帳前) 10.36% 9.78% 10.90% 8.89% 8.67% 5.02% -11.34%
金控成立前三年加權平均 ROE 之均值 10.35% (回復呆帳前) 11.32% (回復呆帳後)
金控成立前後 ROE 之差額 -1.68% (回復呆帳前) -1.46% (回復呆帳後)
註:除股東權益報酬率單位為百分比外,其餘單位為新台幣仟元
ROE(%)
2884 玉山金(2002/1/28)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002(1/1~1/27) 2002(1/28~12/31) 2003
玉山銀行(2002/1/28) 8.81% 7.55% 6.75% 8.45%
股東權益總額 15,090,347 20,023,743 21,019,507 22,803,512 呆帳-金融業務成本 589,527 1,028,488 1,710,654 1,944,686 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 11.74% 11.40% 12.86% 14.85%
玉山票券(2002/1/28) 7.04% 8.63% 8.74% 7.19%
股東權益總額 4,197,454 4,589,319 4,891,922 5,127,865 呆帳-金融業務成本 0 100,935 65,000 202,893
ROE(%)
2885 復華金(2002/2/4)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002(1/1~2/3) 2002(2/4~12/31) 2003
復華證金(2002/2/4) 10.77% 13.32% 9.85% 3.43%
稅後淨利 2,145,229 2,886,316 2,216,794 736,011 股東權益總額 19,924,670 21,662,324 22,516,137 21,433,614 呆帳-金融業務成本 1,072,273 946,122 975,099 1,091,063 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 14.80% 16.60% 13.09% 7.25%
稅後淨利 991,261 763,214 -1,155,681 677,905 股東權益總額 13,438,229 13,740,540 12,439,702 13,024,246 呆帳-金融業務成本 237,096 1,012,596 3,900,137 950,963 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 8.70% 11.08% 14.22% 10.68%
ROE(%)
2886 兆豐金(2002/2/4)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002(1/1~2/3) 2002(2/4~12/31) 2003
交通銀行(2002/2/4) 6.89% 12.71% 10.64% 8.50%
股東權益總額 31,737,576 42,603,638 53,737,021 54,011,966 呆帳-金融業務成本 3,216,201 4,765,968 5,143,817 8,871,192 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率(ROE) 14.49% 21.10% 17.82% 20.82%
國際證券(2002/2/4) 4.02% 3.00% -19.70% -3.00%
股東權益總額 4,304,130 4,310,423 3,541,545 3,425,537 中興票券(2002/8/22) 9.16% 9.73% 9.28% 9.25%
股東權益總額 26,689,286 32,072,193 33,811,368 34,843,756 倍利證券(2002/8/22) 0.04% 15.64% -7.26% 18.18%
股東權益總額 3,297,264 4,854,573 4,575,023 5,558,964 中國商銀(2002/12/31) 8.63% 8.41% 7.77% 7.24%
股東權益總額 55,362,874 57,364,192 58,867,852 60,476,698 呆帳-金融業務成本 3,107,284 5,870,497 4,540,111 8,386,296 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 12.84% 16.09% 13.56% 17.64%
中國產險(2002/12/31) 6.24% 6.88% 7.27% 3.95%
股東權益總額 6,471,776 6,688,664 6,789,661 6,547,427 兆豐國際投信(宣告日:2003/3/18)
ROE(%)
2887 台新金(2002/2/18)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002(1/1~2/17) 2002(2/18~12/31) 2003
台新銀(2002/2/18) 8.39% 8.17% 6.84% 3.70%
股東權益總額 17,699,536 22,223,095 28,006,834 28,010,126 呆帳-金融業務成本 816,877 2,673,938 2,222,780 5,968,851 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 11.85% 17.20% 12.79% 19.68%
大安銀(2002/2/18) 4.91% -11.17% 1.02% -162.68%
稅後淨利 904,025 -1,846,587 167,402 -10,138,885 股東權益總額 18,394,599 16,535,182 16,371,470 6,232,585 呆帳-金融業務成本 909,776 5,235,122 920,930 16,252,982 呆帳回復後股東權益報酬率 8.62% 12.58% 5.24% 32.91%
台証證(2002/12/31) -4.67% 6.48% 0.24% 7.80%
股東權益總額 10,705,028 11,424,351 13,361,805 13,419,465 台新票券(2002/12/31) 7.78% 7.86% 8.42% 19.33%
股東權益總額 4,321,718 4,661,789 5,074,103 5,705,703 台新資產管理(2002/8) N/A N/A N/A N/A
ROE(%)
2888 新光金(2002/2/19)
2888 新光金(2002/2/19)