臺中市幼兒體型與生活形態之相關研究
172
0
0
全文
(2) 謝 誌 隨著論文的完成，也表示碩士的求學生活即將告一段落，終於能夠提筆寫下這份. 感謝，感謝在這段期間所有曾經幫忙過我的貴人。 首先要感謝的是我最最最親愛的指導老師─駱明潔教授，老師在專業知識的 傳授與指導讓我獲益良多，條理分明的思緒的及清晰的邏輯思考能力更是讓我佩 服，也因為老師的悉心指導和協助，慢動作及駑鈍的我才能順利的完成這篇論文。 感謝口試委員─蔣姿儀教授、王如玉教授，對我的指導與建議，讓本論文能更加 完整。同時也要感謝系上教授對於專業知識的傳授及品格的教導。 接著要感謝709研究室的絕佳拍檔：美育、金娥、汾珉、永珠、欣雅以及萬 能電腦小老師儷湘，一路上我們互相陪伴、加油打氣、一起度過研究過程的喜怒 哀樂；感謝研究所的班上同學：若蓁、慧鈺、玉純、宗紋、靜慧、珊珊…等同學 們，非常開心能成為班上的一份子，即使是下班後忙碌的夜間課程，我們依然充 滿歡樂與喜悅。感謝同事錦輝在工作及生活上對我的包容與協助，還有淑玲、淑 華、姿佳以及台中市學前巡迴輔導老師們的幫忙與鼓勵。 每當為了報告及論文忙的昏天暗地，無法顧及家裡事物時，感謝家人的支持、 體諒與包容，感謝珮潔、佩妤協助問卷資料的統計，也謝謝老公晉杰在我難過、 緊張或莫名鬧脾氣時安撫我的情緒，更感謝我肚子裡的寶寶，來的真是時候，陪 伴我一同學習成長，希望你們能跟這本論文一樣如期、順利的誕生！. 靜珮 謹誌 101.01.20.
(3) 臺中市幼兒體型及生活形態之相關研究. 陳靜珮 摘要. 本研究主要目的為探討臺中市幼兒背景變項在體型及生活型態上之差異情形，並分析幼 兒背景變項及體型對生活型態之預測性。採用自編之「幼兒生活型態量表」作為本研究之工 具，以分層隨機抽樣方式，抽取臺中市立案公私立幼兒園 4 歲至 6 歲幼兒，取得有效樣本 878 位，問卷調查所得資料，分別採用描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本 t 考驗、單因子變異數 分析以及多元（複）迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。本研究之重要結論如下： 一、臺中市幼兒之體型及生活型態現況 （一）幼兒的體型以正常所佔的比例最多，其他依序為：過輕、過重、肥胖體型。 （二）幼兒在整體生活型態的表現為中上程度，生活型態各層面，以睡眠習慣得分最高， 其次為休閒活動習慣而飲食習慣的得分最低。 二、臺中市幼兒體型，會因幼兒年齡、主要照顧者關係、主要照顧者教育程度、母親體型與 父親體型之不同而有顯著差異 （一）6 歲幼兒過重的人數比例顯著高於 5 歲的幼兒。 （二）由祖父母照顧的幼兒，體型過重所佔的人數比例最高。 （三）主要照顧者為國中（含）以下畢業者所教養之幼兒，體型過重所佔的人數比例最高， 主要照顧者為大學（含）以上畢業者所照顧的幼兒，體型正常所佔的人數比例最高。 （四）母親體型過重與肥胖者其教養之幼兒，在肥胖體型所佔的比例最高。. I.
(4) （五）體型過輕的父親其教養之幼兒體型以過輕的比例最高；體型肥胖的父親其教養之幼 兒體型以肥胖的比例最高。 三、臺中市幼兒的生活型態，會因幼兒出生序、體型、家庭結構、主要照顧者關係、主要照 顧者年齡、主要照顧者教育程度、主要照顧者職業、主要照顧者體型、母親體型之不同而有 顯著差異 （一）相較於獨生子女，排行老大的幼兒，在飲食與休閒活動習慣的表現較佳。 （二）相較於單親家庭，折衷家庭與大家庭所教養的幼兒有較好的休閒活動習慣。 （三）由母親所教養的幼兒其飲食習慣較由父親與祖父母所教養的幼兒佳。 （四）年齡為 31-35 歲之主要照顧者其教養的幼兒，在飲食習慣、休閒活動習慣及整體生 活型態的表現比年齡為 30 歲（含）以下與 41 歲（含）以上之主要照顧者其教養的幼兒好。 （五）專科與大學（含）以上畢業者所照顧的幼兒，在飲食習慣、休閒活動習慣及整體生 活型態的表現較國中（含）以下或高中職畢業者佳。 （六）從事商業/金融保險業者與軍警公教的主要照顧者所教養的幼兒，在飲食習慣的表 現較從事服務業者與家管主要照顧者所教養的幼兒好。 （七）母親體型正常的幼兒，在飲食習慣的表現較體型過輕母親所照顧的幼兒好。 四、臺中市幼兒之性別、幼兒出生序、與主要照顧者關係、主要照顧者教育程度、主要照顧 者職業、主要照顧者體型、母親體型、父親體型可以預測幼兒之生活型態，但是幼兒年齡、 家庭結構、主要照顧者年齡以及幼兒體型，無法預測幼兒「飲食習慣」、「睡眠習慣」、「休閒 活動習慣」與「整體生活型態」之表現。. 關鍵字：幼兒、幼兒體型、生活型態. II.
(5) A Study of the Correlation Between Young Children's Weight Status and Lifestyle in Taichung City Chen, Ching-Pei Abstract The main objective of this study is to examine the background variables attributing to differences in young children's weight status and lifestyles, as well as to investigate whether young children's backgrounds and weight status could possibly be used to make predictions about their lifestyle. Using a "young children's lifestyle profile chart" specifically developed by the researcher for this study, the subject group was selected through means of stratified random sampling from young children of ages 4 through 6 at public and private kindergartens throughout Taichung City, totaling 878 children for this study. Collection of data was achieved through surveys and questionnaires, descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, one way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression methods. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The current status of young children's weight status and lifestyle in Taichung City (1) The majority of young children's weight status is normal, while the rest fall under the categories of underweight, overweight, or obese. (2) The overall lifestyle of young children is considered above average. The factors determining the lifestyle "points" for the "lifestyle profile chart" consist of sleeping habits being the highest rated, followed by leisure activity habits second, and eating habits being the lowest rated. 2.. (1) (2) (3). (4). The weight status of young children in Taichung City can vary due to the young children's age, relationship with primary caretakers, education level of primary caretakers, and differences in weight status of both mother and father. The ratio of overweight young children is higher in 6 year olds compared to 5 year olds. Young children under the care of grandparents show the highest ratio of being overweight. Young children under the care of primary caretakers whose education level is at or below junior high school, tend to show a high propensity to be overweight. Inversely, the majority of children under the care of primary caretakers whose education level is at or above a college degree, have normal weight status. Young children whose mothers are overweight or obese show the highest ratio of being obese.. III.
(6) (5) The underweight fathers conversely show the highest ratio of raising underweight young children, whereas obese fathers show also show the highest ratio of raising obese young children. 3.. (1) (2) (3) (4). (5). (6). (7). 4.. The lifestyle of young children in Taichung City can vary due to factors such as birth order within the family, weight status, family structure, the relationship to the primary caretaker, the primary caretakers' age, education level, occupation, weight status, as well as the mother's weight status. Compared to a single child, the eldest child in a family tends to display the best eating and leisure activity habits. Compared to single parent families, young children raised in extended families or joint families display very good leisure activity habits. Young children raised by their mothers show better eating habits than those raised by their fathers or grandparents. Young children whose primary caretakers are between 31 and 35 years of age, show better eating and leisure activity habits, as well as a better lifestyle overall than young children raised by primary caretakers who are under the age of 30 or over the age of 41. Young children whose primary caretakers graduated from vocational school or college, show better eating and leisure activity habits, as well as a better lifestyle overall than young children raised by primary caretakers whose highest level of education is junior high or high school. Young children whose primary caretakers' occupations include business, banking, insurance, military, police, government, and education, show better eating habits than young children raised by primary caretakers whose occupations include the service industry and fulltime housekeepers. Young children whose mothers have normal weight status tend to show better eating habits than young children whose mothers are overweight. The lifestyle of young children in Taichung City can be predicted by factors such as the young children's gender, birth order within the family, relationship to the primary caretaker, the primary caretakers' educational level, occupation, weight status, and the weight status of the mother and father. However, factors such as the young children's age, family structure, primary caretakers' age, and the young children's weight status cannot accurately predict "eating habits", "sleeping habits", "leisure activity habits", and "overall lifestyle" of the young children in this study.. Key words: young children, young children's weight status, lifestyle. IV.
(7) 目. 錄. 中文摘要·····················································································································································. I. 英文摘要·····················································································································································. III. 目錄·······························································································································································. V. 表次·······························································································································································. VII. 圖次······························································································································································. X. 目 第一章. 次. 緒論·················································································································. 1. 第一節. 研究背景與動機········································································································. 1. 第二節. 研究目的與問題········································································································. 4. 第三節. 名詞釋義·······················································································································. 7. 第四節. 研究範圍與限制········································································································. 9. 文獻探討·······································································································. 11. 第二章. 第一節. 幼兒體型的相關研究······························································································. 11. 第二節. 生活型態的相關研究······························································································. 28. 第三節. 體型與生活型態相關的研究···············································································. 50. 研究設計與實施·······················································································. 61. 第三章. 第一節. 研究架構·······················································································································. 61. 第二節. 研究對象·······················································································································. 63. 第三節. 研究工具·······················································································································. 66. 第四節. 研究實施程序·············································································································. 79. 第五節. 資料處理與分析········································································································. 83. V.
(8) 第四章. 研究結果與討論·························································································. 第一節. 85. 幼兒背景變項、體型與生活型態的現況分析···············································. 85. 第二節 幼兒之背景變項在幼兒體型上的差異情形··················································. 95. 第三節 幼兒之背景變項在幼兒生活型態上的差異分析········································. 100. 第四節 幼兒之背景變項對生活型態的預測分析·······················································. 119. 第五章. 結論與建議··································································································· 127. 第二節 結論·······························································································································. 127. 第二節 建議·······························································································································. 132. 參考文獻···························································································································. 135. 中文···················································································································································. 135. 英文···················································································································································. 145. 附錄··························································································································································· 149 附錄一. 幼兒生活型態問卷之專家意見···········································································. 149. 附錄二. 預試問卷·······················································································································. 155. 附錄三. 正式問卷·······················································································································. 158. VI.
(9) 表. 次. 表 2-1-1 臺灣地區 4～6 歲幼兒的重高常數表··········································································. 13. 表 2-1-2 臺灣地區重高指數評估表······························································································. 13. 表 2-1-3 幼兒肥胖與過瘦判斷標準······························································································. 14. 表 2-1-4 國內幼兒體型之相關研究······························································································. 16. 表 2-1-5 性別與幼童體型之相關研究·························································································. 18. 表 2-1-6 年齡與幼童體型之相關研究·························································································. 20. 表 2-1-7 出生序與幼童體型之相關研究····················································································. 21. 表 2-1-8 家庭結構與幼童體型之相關研究···············································································. 22. 表 2-1-9 主要照顧者教育程度與幼童體型的相關研究·······················································. 23. 表 2-1-10 母親體型與幼童體型的相關研究···············································································. 25. 表 2-1-11 父親體型與幼童體型的相關研究················································································. 26. 表 2-2-1. 4～6 歲幼兒每日飲食指南（六大類食物的營養價值及功能）························. 31. 表 2-2-2 幼童性別與飲食習慣的相關研究···············································································. 38. 表 2-2-3 幼童性別與休閒活動的相關研究···············································································. 40. 表 2-2-4 幼童年齡與飲食習慣的相關研究···············································································. 41. 表 2-2-5 不同關係的主要照顧者與幼童飲食習慣的相關研究·········································. 44. 表 2-2-6 主要照顧者教育程度與幼兒飲食習慣的相關研究··············································. 46. 表 2-3-1 體型與飲食習慣的相關研究·························································································. 54. 表 2-3-2 體型與睡眠習慣的相關研究·························································································. 56. 表 2-3-3 體型與休閒活動習慣的相關研究···············································································. 57. 表 3-2-1 預試問卷受試樣本回收情形統計···············································································. 63. 表 3-2-2 抽取正式問卷之分佈········································································································. 65. 表 3-3-1 專家效度審查名單·············································································································. 68. 表 3-3-2 幼兒生活型態量表之項目分析摘要表······································································. 70. 表 3-3-3 幼兒生活型態量表之因素分析摘要表······································································. 74. 表 3-3-4 幼兒生活型態量表量表之新舊題號對照·································································. 76. VII.
(10) 表 3-3-5 幼兒生活型態量表之信度分析摘要表······································································. 78. 表 4-1-1 幼兒背景變項分析表········································································································. 87. 表 4-1-2 幼兒體型分析表·················································································································. 90. 表 4-1-3 幼兒生活型態各層面之描述性分析···········································································. 91. 表 4-1-4 幼兒生活型態總量表及分量表之題目分析摘要··················································. 93. 表 4-2-1 幼兒背景變項在幼兒體型上之差異分析摘要表··················································. 98. 表 4-3-1 不同幼兒性別在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表········································· 101 表 4-3-2 不同幼兒年齡在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表········································· 101 表 4-3-3 不同幼兒出生序在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表···································· 103 表 4-3-4 不同幼兒體型在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表········································· 104 表 4-3-5 家庭結構不同的幼兒在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表·························· 105 表 4-3-6 與幼兒關係不同的主要照顧者其教養之幼兒在生活型態上 之差異分析摘要表············································································································ 107 表 4-3-7 年齡不同的主要照顧者其教養之幼兒在幼兒生活型態上 之差異分析摘要表············································································································ 109 表 4-3-8 教育程度不同的主要照顧者其教養之幼兒在生活型態上 之差異分析摘要表············································································································. 111. 表 4-3-9 職業不同的主要照顧者其教養之幼兒在幼兒生活型態上 之差異分析摘要表············································································································ 113 表 4-3-10 體型不同的主要照顧者其教養之幼兒在幼兒生活型態上 之差異分析摘要表············································································································ 114 表 4-3-11 體型不同的母親其教養之幼兒在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表···· 表 4-3-12 體型不同的父親其教養之幼兒在幼兒生活型態上之差異分析摘要表····. 115 116. 表 4-3-13 不同背景變項在幼兒生活型態總量表及其分量表之差異情形彙整表···· 117 表 4-4-1 幼兒背景變項預測飲食習慣之迴歸係數摘要表·················································· 120 表 4-4-2 幼兒背景變項預測睡眠習慣之迴歸係數摘要表·················································· 121 表 4-4-3 幼兒背景變項預測休閒活動習慣之迴歸係數摘要表········································· 122 表 4-4-4 幼兒背景變項預測整體生活型態之迴歸係數摘要表········································· 123. VIII.
(11) 表 4-4-5 幼兒不同背景變項對於幼兒生活型態總量表及其分量表 之預測情形彙整表············································································································ 124. IX.
(12) 圖. 次. 圖 2-1-1 重高指數計算公式·············································································································. 12. 圖 2-1-2. BMI 計算公式······················································································································. 14. 圖 3-1-1 研究架構圖···························································································································. 62. 圖 3-4-1 研究流程圖···························································································································. 80. X.
相關文件
Reading Task 6: Genre Structure and Language Features. • Now let’s look at how language features (e.g. sentence patterns) are connected to the structure
Promote project learning, mathematical modeling, and problem-based learning to strengthen the ability to integrate and apply knowledge and skills, and make. calculated
Based on the suggestions collected from the Principal Questionnaire and this questionnaire, feedback collected from various stakeholders through meetings and
Now, nearly all of the current flows through wire S since it has a much lower resistance than the light bulb. The light bulb does not glow because the current flowing through it
During early childhood, developing proficiency in the mother-tongue is of primary importance. Cantonese is most Hong Kong children’s mother-tongue and should also be the medium
Define instead the imaginary.. potential, magnetic field, lattice…) Dirac-BdG Hamiltonian:. with small, and matrix
This kind of algorithm has also been a powerful tool for solving many other optimization problems, including symmetric cone complementarity problems [15, 16, 20–22], symmetric
To address the developmental needs of young children (0 to 5 years).. An integrated community-based child and family
