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工時安排彈性化對員工工作態度、工作行為與組織績效之影響

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(3)   The Effects of Flexible Working Time Arrangements on Employee Attitudes, Behavior, and Organizational Effectiveness NSC87-2416-H011-012 86 8 ! 1 !" 87 7 ! 31 # $%&:'() *+,-./0123456 c? lm no pqr

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(19) ²³ (')23´ ^µ- ¬%&kc² of the implementation of flextime on emplyees’ reactions to working time  €‹¶  arrangement, work behaviors, work attitudes ·¸EX¹º»-•¼½¥¾dŒ¿ and performance. Utilizing a ÀP2ÁÂGÃĀ3Å quasi-experiment design to examine (Z)Æ¥ ^€'ÇÈ­É%& emplyees’ responses, as predicted, significant  "Ês-Ë̛AB²r3´. improvements were observed in the working  s€AB.Í

(20) ÎÏ ÐÑ § time reactions (schedule satisfaction, less ¥¦(Organizational Development Structural stress and fatigue) and organizational Intervention)(Golembiewski et al., 1978)-Ò commitment. However, no significant effects of flexitime on work behavior(absenteeism, •WÓԚÕÖ׀¨HØÙUJÚÛ leave tendency, coordination and job H-I32|Ž^Ü݀ØÞ ¢±involvement), job satisfaction and work •eßkc   p€àá performance. Keywords: Hours of work, Flexitime, Z Employee Attitudes, Employee Behavior, â㢱kc 

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(88) Ž  - ./01 Ahmadi, M. F. Raiszedeh, and W. Wells. 1986. “Traditional Versus Non-traditional Work Schedules: A Case Study of Employee Preference.” Industrial Management. April, 20-23. Bosch, G. 1995. “Synthesis Report.” In OECD ed., Flexible Working Time: Collective Bargaining and Government Intervention, Paris, pp. 17-40. Dalton, D.R., and D.J. Mesch. 1990. “The Impact of Flexible Scheduling on Employee Attendance and Turnover.” Administrative Science Quarterly, June, 25: 370-87. Dunham, R. B., J. L. Pierce, and M. B. Castaneda. 1987. “Alternative Work Schedules: Two Field Quasi-Experiments.” Personnel Psychology, 40: 215-42. Evans, M. G. 1973. “Notes on the Impact of Flexitime in a Large Insurance Company.” Occupational Psychology, December, 47: 237-40. Golembiewski, R. T., R. Hilles, and M. S. Kagno. 1974. “ A Longitudinal Study of Flex-time Effects: Some Consequences of an OD Structural Intervention. “ Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 10: 503-32..

(89) Golembieski, R.T., and C. W. Proehl,. 1978. “A Survey of the Empirical Literature on Flexible Work Hours: Character and Consequences of a Major Innovation.” Academy of Management Review, 3(4): 837-53. Golembiewski, R. T., S. Yeager, and R. Hilles. 1976. “ Some Attitudinal and Behavioral Consequences of a Flexitime Installation: One Avenue for Expressing Central Organization Design Values.” In R. H. Kilmann, L. R. Pondy, and D. P. Slevin eds., Management of Organization Design vol. 2, New York: North-Holland. Gomez-Mejia, L. R., M. S. Hopp, and C. R. Ommerstad. 1978. “Implementation and Evaluation of Flexible Work Hours: A Case Study.” Personnel Administrator, 23: 39-41. Graf, L. A. “The Impact of Flexitime on the First-line Supervisor’s Job: A Preliminary Investigation.” Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, 78: 185-9. Green, C. 1984. “Effects of Alternative Work Schedules: A Field Experiment.” Paper presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston. Harvey, B. H. and F. Luthans. 1979. “Flexitime: An Empirical Analysis of Its Real Meaning and Impact.” Business Horizons, 27: 31-6. Hicks, W. and R. J. Klimoski. 1981. “ The Impact of Flextime on Employee Attitudes.” Academy of Management Journal, June, 24: 333-41. Kim, J. S., and A. F. Campagna. 1981. “Effects of Flextime on Employee Attendance and Performance: A Field Experiment.” Academy of Management Journal, December, 24: 729-41. Narayanan, V. K., and R. Nath. 1982. “ A Field Test of Some Attitudinal and Behaviral Consequnces of Flexitime.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(2): 214-8. Narayanan, V. K., and R. Nath. 1982. “Hierarchical Level and the Impact of Flextime.” Industrial Relations, Spring, 21:216-30. Narayanan, V. K., and R. Nath. 1984.. “ The Influence of Group Cohesiveness on Some Changes Induced by Flexitime: A Quasi-Experiment.” The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 20(3): 265-76. Orpin, C. 1981. “Effects of Flexible Work Hours on Employee Satisfaction and Performance: A Field Experiment.” Journal of Applied Psychology, February, 66: 113-15. Owen, J. D. “Flex-time: Some Problems and Solutions.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Winter, 152-60. Pierce, J., and J. Newstrom. 1980. “Toward a Conceptual Clarification of Employee Responses to Flexible Working Hours: A Wok Adjustment Approach.” Journal of Management, March, 6: 117-34. Pierce, J., and J. Newstrom. 1982. “Employee Responses to Flexible Work Schedules: An Inter-Organization, Inter-System Comparison.” Journal of Management, March, 8: 9-25. Ralston, David A., W. P. Anthony, and D. J. Gustafson. 1985. “ Employees May Love Flextime, but What Does It Do to the Organization’s Productivity?” Journal of Applied Psychology, May, 70: 272-79. Ronen, S., and S. B. Primps. 1981. “The Compressed Work Week As Organizational Change: Behaviors and Attitudinal Outcomes.” Academy of Management Review, 6: 61-74. Schein, V. E., E. H. Mauer, and J. F. Novak. 1977. “Impact of Flexible Working Hours on Productivity.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 62: 463-65. Shepard, E. M. III, T. J. Clifton, and D. Kruse. 1996. “Flexible Work Hours and Productivity: Some Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Industrial Relations, January, 35(1): 123-139. Walch, J. L., and D. Gordon. 1980. “Assessing the Impact of Flexitime on Productivity.” Business Horizons, 23: 61-5..

(90) +. +. + -. Field (1974). +. Golembiewski et. Al. (1975). +. Hartey (1976) Golembiewski, Yeager & Hilles (1976) Holley et. Al. (1976). + +. Magoon & Schnicker(1976) Zawacki & Johnson (1976) Golembiewski & Hilles (1977) Schien, Mauner & Novak (1977). ∆. Nollen & Martin (1978) Graf (1978) Harvey & Luthans (1979) Ronen & Primps (1980) Kim & Campagna (1981) Pierce & Newstrom (1980, 1982) Walch & Gordon (1980). w›. 

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