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設計單位組織創造力之研究(I)

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行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

設計單位組織創造力之研究(I)

計畫類別: 個別型計畫

計畫編號: NSC93-2213-E-011-058-

執行期間: 93 年 08 月 01 日至 94 年 07 月 31 日 執行單位: 國立臺灣科技大學工商業設計系

計畫主持人: 張文智

計畫參與人員: 江潤華

報告類型: 精簡報告

報告附件: 出席國際會議研究心得報告及發表論文 處理方式: 本計畫可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 94 年 9 月 30 日

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1

一、中文摘要

創造力思考是人類與生俱來的心 智能力之一,對注重創造力或設計相關 領域之工作者而言,它是一種不可或缺 的技巧與能力。在今日動態的產業環境 中,創造力已廣泛應用到各個領域和階 層中,而且企業對於「創意」所能帶給 公司的利益均能充分體認得到。組織創 造力是指在複雜社會系統當中的個人 經由一起工作創造出有價值而且有用 之新產品、服務、構想或作業程序。他 帶給企業之利益更是顯著。

設計單位之重要工作就是開發出 具有創意、符合經濟效益之產品,而要 提出具有創意之產品有賴於設計單位 之個人與組織之高度創造力,個人創造 力之研究已有為數不少之學者投入,並 且獲得豐碩之成果。但對於組織創造力 之研究則相對較少,既然組織創造力對 公司之績效有深遠之影響,而國內創意 相關之單位也為數不少,以產品設計公 司而言,即有一百多家,而設有設計部 門之企業更是無計其數,因此不能不對 組織創造力予以更大之重視,以探究如 何提升設計單位的組織創造力,來提高 設計單位創意在質與量之表現,進而提 升公司之績效。

Abstract

Creative thinking is one of natural talents owned by human beings. It is an important skill or capability to the people whose jobs are creative or design related.

In today’s dynamic business environment, creativity has been broadly applied to many fields and industries. The benefit that brought by creativity to a firm has also been deeply recognized.

Organizational creativity is referred to as the creation of a valuable, useful, new product, service, idea, procedure, or process by groups of people who work together in a complex social system.

Therefore, the advantage it brings to a firm seems much more.

The major function of a design unit is to develop creative and economical

products. This relies heavily on the creativity of individual designers and design units. The studies about individual creativity are many and the results are enormous. However, the studies about the organizational creativity are relatively rare. There are many design related industries in Taiwan. There are more than a hundred of design consultants in Taiwan, not mentioned to numerous design departments in so many manufacturing firms. It is worthy to pay more attentions to the study of organizational creativity so that the organizational creativity of design units can be enhanced and the performance of them can be improved.

二、研究源由與目的

具有創新知識和創新能力的企業才能主宰產業 之發展方向,並能將兩者轉化於自身的競爭優勢(李 信螢,2001)。在此趨勢下,我國政府早已意識到創 新對於國家所可能帶來之經濟效益,在「挑戰 2008 國家重點發展計畫」十大重點投資項目中,就有兩 項與創造力有關

(http://2008.gio.gov.tw/about2008.asp),包括文化 創意產業發展以及建立國際創新研發基地,目的就 是積極地開拓創意領域,在結合人文與經濟發展文 化產業中,讓台灣技術與文化藉由創意手段走入世 界舞台,提昇台灣印象,並提昇實質經濟效益,架 構出台灣創意研發未來之願景。

以台灣中小企業而言,多數都知道創造力之重 要性,但主要都在強調在技術創新之層面(包括產 品、服務、技術、設備等),對於管理政策與措施等 管理創新層面(包括系統、政策、方案、服務等)有所 疏忽(邱皓政,葉玉珠,1999),事實上在產品開發創 意之過程中兩者都影響到組織創造力之表現,而且 是缺一不可。因此,如何將創造力之機制整合在組 織管理運作上,對於當下強調提升創造力的企業組 織來說,成為極為重要之議題。

創造力思考(creative thinking)是人類與生俱來的 心智能力之一,對注重創造力或設計相關領域之工 作者而言,它是一種不可或缺的技巧與能力。在今 日動態的產業環境中,創造力基本上已廣泛應用到 各個領域和階層中,企業對於「創意」所能帶給公 司的利益與願景已是不爭的事實。因此,如何將組 織創造力持續發展融入到企業文化或環境中,而不 是單靠直覺式的黑箱作業程序,必須要建立出一套 系統準則成為組織可遵循之依規,一方面將可降低 管理者對於創新之疑慮,另一方面則可以提升創造 力在運作時之績效,使創造力能在組織中能被有系 統地管理與運用,將有助於化解組織創造力與組織 管理間之衝突,進而能提升組織創造力之能力與效 率。

設計單位之重要工作就是開發出具有創意、符 合經濟效益之產品,而要提出具有創意之產品有賴

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2 於設計單位之個人與組織之高度創造力,個人創造 力之研究自從 1950 年 Guilford 在其演講中揭示了創 造力之重要性後,已有為數不少之學者投入,並且 獲得豐碩之成果(吳靜吉,2000)。雖然學者在創造 力之研究上已有長足之進展,但對於組織創造力之 研究則相對較少(莊立民,2001),大部分之研究不是 單獨針對個體創造力行為或是創造力技巧之研究,

就是以組織管理之概念切入創新績效之議題,而探 討設計單位組織創造力之研究則更為少見。

既然從前述之論述中顯示組織創造力對公司之 績效有深遠之影響,而國內創意相關之單位也為數 不少,以產品設計公司而言,即有一百多家,而設 有設計部門之企業更是無計其數,因此不能不對它 另眼看待,以探究如何提升設計單位的組織創造 力,來提高設計單位創意在質與量之表現,進而提 升公司之績效。

三、研究方法與程序

本研究除了蒐集與創造力相關之 文獻,並以深入訪談之方式初步了解我 國設計單位組織創造力之實務操作環 境、影響設計單位組織創造力之因素、

設計單位組織創造力量測之標準與方 式,此階段之訪談已大致完成,現正歸 納整理中。

四、研究發現

本研究已將本研究相關之文獻蒐 集與整理,並投稿參加由中華民國設 計 學 會 所 主 辦 之 國 際 學 術 研 討 會

(2005idc),已獲准參加發表。發表內 容主要包括:創意之來源、組織內創 造力 之實 踐、 影響 組 織創 造力 之因 素、設計專業之創造力評價準則等。

五、參考文獻

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參考文獻

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