• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

5.3 研究限制及後續研究建議

礙於有限的時間與成本,可能存在以下幾項研究結果或方法上的限制:

(一) 抽樣方式

本研究是採便利抽樣的方式進行,主要來源是先經由社群管理者之同 意,於社群討論區中發文邀請填寫訊息與線上傳訊留言方式取得,次要是以 滾雪球方式,以研究者所認識有參與該社群之友人代為向其他成員發放,故 受訪者多屬於比較活躍的品牌社群成員,因此無法了解其他成員對於研究結 果是否具影響力。

(二) 研究對象

由於研究對象是針對電玩主機與線上遊戲的品牌社群做探討,受限於時 間與成本的資源不夠充足,無法再針對其他產業之社群加以區別比較,因此 在解釋其他非電玩產業的社群時,需抱持謹慎之態度並進一步的再研究。

(三) 問卷作答品質難以監控

本研究是以網路問卷與滾雪球形式來發放,因此無法監控填答人在作答 時的實際狀況,其中在逐筆檢視問卷的過程中也發現有許多明顯草率回答的 狀況,而造成無效的樣本,這部份的無效樣本數達 8.3%,雖已盡量刪除無效 問卷,但仍可能有非參與本研究指定之品牌社群成員參與填答的情形。

(四) 品牌社群特性的定義

在研究架構中,品牌社群的特性主要是以三個變數來衡量-科技接受 度、品牌社群整合與參與社群活動之收穫來描述與社群認同的關係,然而卻 不見得能反應社群特性的全貌。

5.3.2 後續研究建議

(一) 品牌社群類型變數之改善

在品牌社群類型的變數上,本研究是採用二元變數(即官方或非官方社 群)來衡量,後續的研究可站在社群營運機制的觀點,以消費者參與建製與 管理品牌社群的程度,並以尺度型的變數作為衡量方法。

(二) 質化的研究方法

本文主要是使用量化的方式進行研究,若能對社群成員進行深度訪談或 焦點團體的質性研究,將能從參與社群的使用者身上獲得更多其他的資訊,

這也是目前國內的研究較缺乏的地方。

(三) 增加研究不同產業類別

本研究只有檢驗電玩娛樂產業的社群現象,雖然已跳脫過去圍繞在汽車 社群的研究,但是品牌社群的應用是相當廣泛的,未來仍可朝向更多元化的 產業別去探討,像是美妝保養社群或籃球職棒的運動俱樂部等,如此將能更 一般化品牌社群的營運機制理論。

參考文獻

一、中文部份

1. 王保進(1999),視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究,心理出版社。

2. 周文賢(2002),多變量統計分析:SAS/STAT使用方法,智勝出版社。

3. 施沛廷(2004),「社群信任、社群認同與購買行為的關係之研討─以 RV 休 旅車社群為例」,國立東華大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

4. 廖棟樑(2005),「品牌社群關係與公司關係品質對產品知識及品牌忠誠的 影響」,國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士班碩士論文。

5. 榮泰生(2007),SPSS與研究方法,五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

二、英文部份

1. Ajzen, I. (1985), “From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior”, In J. Kuhl and J. Beckman (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39), Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

2. Ajzen, I. (1991), “The Theory of Planned Behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, Vol. 50, pp. 179-211.

3. Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1975), Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: an introduction to theory and research, Addsion-Wesley, Reading MA.

4. Algesheimer, Rene, Utpal M. Dholakia and Andreas Herrmann (2005), “The Social Influence of Brand Community:Evidence from European Car Clubs”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 69, pp. 19-34.

5. Bagozzi, R.P. and Dholakia, U.M. (2002), “Intentional social action in virtual communities”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 2-21.

6. Baldinger, A.L. and J. Rubinson (1996), “Brand Loyalty: The Link between Attitude and Behavior”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp.

22-34.

7. Baron, R.M. and Kenny, D.A. (1986), “The moderator-mediator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

Affective Commitment and Group Self-Esteem as Distinct Aspects of Social Identity in the Organization”, British Journal of Soial Pschology, Vol. 39, No.

4, pp. 55-77.

9. Berry, L.L. (1995), “Relationship marketing of services: Growing interest, emerging perspectives”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.

23, No. 4, pp. 236-245.

10. Bhattacharya, C.B. and Sen Sankar (2003), “Consumer-Company Identification: a Framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 67, pp. 76-88.

11. Boorstin, Daniel J. (1974), The AmericansThe Democratic Experiences, New York:Vintage.

12. Butler, B.S. (2001), “Membership size, communication activity, and sustainability: The internal dynamics of networked social structures”, Information Systems Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 346-362.

13. Constance, E.P. (2004), “A typology of virtual communities: A multi-disciplinary foundation for future research”, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, Vol. 10, No. 1, article 3.

14. Cunningham, R.M. (1956), “Brand-Loyalty-What, Where, How Much?”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 116-128.

15. Davis, F.D. (1989), “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, No.3, pp.

319-340.

16. Davis, F.D. (1993), “User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts”, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 982-1003.

17. Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. and Warshaw, P.R. (1989), “User acceptance computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models”, Management Science, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 982-1003.

18. Day, G.S. (1969), “A Two-Dimensional Concept to Brand Loyalty”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 9(3), pp. 29-35.

19. DeLone, W.H. and McLean, E.R. (1993), “Information system success: the quest for the dependent variable”, Information System Research, Vol. 3 pp.

60-95.

20. DeLone, W.H. and McLean, E.R. (2004), “Measuring e-commerce success:

applying the DeLone and McLean information systems success model”, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 31-47.

21. Devasagayam, P.R. and Heuvel, D.A.V. (2004), GeoFree BrandComms:

Building brand communities using blogs, Paper read at Virtue in Marketing,

38th Academy of Marketing [UK] Conference, July 6-9, at University of Gloucestershire Business School.

22. Dholakia, U.M., Bagozzi, R.P. and Pearo, L.K. (2004), “A social influence model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-based virtual communities”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 241-263.

23. Doney, P.M. and J.P. Cannon (1997), “An Examination of the Nature of Trust in Buyer-Seller Relationships”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 61, pp. 35-51.

24. Ellemers, N, Kortekaas, P and Ouwerkerk, J.W (1999), “Self-Categorisation, Commitment to the Group and Group Self-Esteem as Related but Distinct Aspects of Social Identity,” European Journal of Social Psychology, (29), pp.

371-389.

25. Etzioni, A., and Etzioni, O. (1999), “Face-to-face and computer-mediated communities: A comparative analysis”, Information Society, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 241-248

26. Fournier, S. (1998), “Consumers and their brands: developing relationship theory in consumer research”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 24(4), pp.

343-373.

27. Guest, L.P. (1964), “Brand Loyalty Revisited:A Twenty Year Report”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 48, pp. 93-97.

28. Hagel, J. III, Armstrong, A.G. (1997), Net Gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual Communities, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.

29. Hair, J.F., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. and Black, W. (1995), Multivariate Data Analysis with Reading, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

30. Henri, F. and Pudeldo, B. (2003), “Understanding and analyzing activity and learning in virtual communities”, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, Vol.

19, No. 4, pp. 474-487.

31. Hillery, G.A., Jr. (1955), “Definitions of community: Areas of agreement”, Rural Sociology, Vol. 20, pp. 326-350.

32. Holt, D.B. (1998), “Does Cultural Capital Structure American Consumption?”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 25, pp. 1-25.

33. Holt, D.B. (1997), “Poststructuralist lifestyle analysis: Conceptualizing the social patterning of consumption in postmodernity”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 326-350.

34. Jacoby, J. and C.O. Jerry (1970), “An Attitudinal Model of Brand Loyalty:

Conceptual Underpinnings and Instrumentation Research”, Consumer

Management, New York:John Wiley and Sons.

36. Jarvis, Lance P. and James B. Wilcox (1976), “Repeat Purchasing Behavior and Attitudinal Brand Loyalty: Additional Evidence”, In Marketing: edited by K.L. Bernhardt, AMA, pp. 151-152.

37. Jones, Thomas O. and W. Earl Sasser, Jr. (1995), “Why Satisfied Customers Defect”, Harford Business Review, Vol. 73, pp. 88-99.

38. Kang, M.S. (2004), “The research regarding the introduction and an activity of community concept from marketing”, Korea Society of Management Education Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 77-98.

39. Kim, W.G., Lee, C. and Hiemstra, S.J. (2004), “Effects of an online virtual community on customer loyalty and travel product purchases”, Tourism Management, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 343-355.

40. Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Muller, K.E. and Nizam, A. (1998), Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods, Pacific Grove, CA:

Duxberry Press.

41. Koh, J. and Kim, Y.G. (2003-2004), “Sense of virtual community: A conceptual framework and empirical validation”, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 75-93.

42. Koh, J. and Kim, Y.G. (2004), “Knowledge sharing in virtual communities: an e-business perspective”, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp.

155-166.

43. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. and Frank, G. (1989), Principles of Marketing. 4th ed.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

44. Kuo, Y.F. (2003), “A study on service quality of virtual community web sites”, Total Quality Management, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 461-473.

45. Lars Gronholdt, Anne Martensen and Kai Kristensen (2000), “The relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty: cross-industry differences”, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, Vol. 11, No.

4, pp. 509-514.

46. Lederer, A.L, Maupin, D.J., Sena, M.P. and Zhuang, Y. (2002), “The technology acceptance model and the World Wide Web”, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 29, pp. 269-282.

47. Lee, M., Kim, T.Y. and Kim, H.K. (2004), “The effects of brand community on consumer attitude”, Journal of Marketing Management Research (Korea), Vol. 19, No.3, pp.197-224.

48. Mael, F.A. and B.E. Asforth (1989), “Social identity theory and the organization”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14(1), pp. 20-39.

49. McAlexander, J.H., Kim, S.K. and Roberts, S.D. (2003), “Loyalty:The

Influences of Satisfaction and Brand Community Integration”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 11(4), pp. 1-11.

50. McAlexander, James H. and John W. Schouten (1998), “Brandfest : Servicescapes for the Cultivation of Brand Equity”, in Services capes:The Concept of Place in Contemporary Markets, John F. Sherry Jr., ed. Chicago:

American Marketing Association, pp. 377-402.

51. McAlexander, Schouten and Koeing (2002), “Building Brand Community”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.66, No. 1, pp. 38-54

52. McCold, Paul and Wachtel Benjamin (1998), “Community is not a Place: A New Look at community Justice Initiatives”, Contemporary Justice Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 71-85.

53. McGrath, Mary Ann, John F., Sherry Jr. and Deborah D. Heisley (1993), “An Ethnographic Study of an Urban Periodic Marketplace:Lessons from the Midville Farmer’s Market”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 69, Issue 3, pp. communities”, Sloan Management Review, pp.43-54.

56. Melanie Wallendorf and Eric J. Arnould (1988), “My Favorite Things: A Cross-Cultural Inquiry into Object Attachment, Possessiveness, and Social Linkage”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 531-547.

57. Monroe, Kent B. and Joseph P. Guiltinan (1975), “A Path-Analytic Exploration of Retail Patronage Influences”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 2, pp. 19-28.

58. Muniz, A.T., Jr. and O’Guinn, T.C. (2001), “Brand community”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 412-432.

59. Oliver, R.L. (1999), “Whence customer loyalty?” Journal of Marketing, Vol.

63, Special Issue, pp. 33-45.

60. Preece, J. (2001), “Sociability and usability in online communities:

determining and measuring success”, Behaviour and Information Technology, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 347-356.

61. Quester P. and A.L. Lim (2003), “Product Involvement/Brand Loyalty: Is There a Link?”, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol.12, No.1, pp.22-38.

63. Romm, Celia, Nava Pliskin and Rodney Clarke (1997), “Virtual Communities and Society: Toward an Integrative Three Phase Model”, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 17(4), pp. 261-271.

64. Rosenbaum, Mark S., Ostrom, Amy L. and Kuntze Ronald (2005), “Loyalty Programs and A Sense of Community”, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.

19 (4), pp.222-233.

65. Sheth, J.N. and Atul, P. (1995), “Relationship marketing in consumer markets:

Antecedents and consequences”, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.23, No. 4, pp. 255-271.

66. Szmigin, I., Canning, C. and Reppel, A.E. (2005), “Online community:

enhancing the relationship marketing concept through customer bonding”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 16(5), pp.

480-496.

67. Tajfel, H. (1978), “Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations”, London: Academic Press.

68. Thomas W. Gruen, John O. Summers and Frank Acito (2000), “Relationship Marketing Activities, Commitment and Membership Behaviors in Professional Associations”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 34-49.

69. Towel, Jeffrey G. and Claude R. Martin (1976), “The Elderly Consumer: One Segment of Many?”, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 3, pp.463-468.

70. Turner, J.C. (1985), “Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler, Advances in group processes”, Theory and research, Vol. 22, pp. 77-122.

71. Venkatesh, V. and Morris, M.G. (2000), “Why don’t men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 115-139.

72. Vijayasarathy, L.R. (2004), “Predicting consumer intentions to use on-line shopping: the case for an augmented technology acceptance model”, Information and Management, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 747-762.

73. Yoo, W.S., Suh, K.S. and Lee, M.B. (2002), “Exploring the factors enhancing member participation in online communities”, Journal of Global Information Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 55-71.

附錄

13. 我願意與其他擁有這個品牌產品的人交換心得意見     

33. 我願意遵守社群的規範     