第五章 研究分析
第三節 研究限制與後續的建議
在本研究中，公司資料的搜集主要透過採訪與公司所提供的內部資料，輔以 網路次級資料進行研究。由於在研究時點，公司的產品研發早已告一段落，因此 無法親身觀察到公司在產品開發前期，團隊同仁執行工作坊的互動實況。倘若直 接參與觀察產品專案的工作小組，可能涉及到公司產品開發的隱私問題，因此整 體研究主要是透過採訪探求公司運作的情況，但在口語的溝通當中，可能會忽略 公司在工作坊與專案執行中部份運作特質，這是研究的限制之一。
此外，本研究僅探討單一個案。由於不同組織面臨的產業特性與資源類型等 大相逕庭，因此即便是同樣採納設計思考的方式進行開發與流程運作，不同組織 也會因地制宜。所以未來研究可透過多組個案進行比較，應能更深入探究產品開 發核心的管理邏輯，並提供更豐富的觀點。
在後續的研究上，由於本研究個案公司產品剛準備在美國上市，因此未來也
113
可持續追縱產品在市場上的發展，例如美思是如何進行新產品的行銷與推廣，其 面臨的挑戰為何？公司有何策略加以因應？這些都可再進行追縱觀察，讓整體對 於新產品開發的相關討論，可以更加全面完整，而有一個系統性的研究成果。
114
參考文獻
英文部份
Alam, I. (2004). Interacting with Customers in the New Product Development Process.
In K. B. Khan, G. Castellion, & A. Griffin (Eds.), The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development (pp. 249–262). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
http://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172483.ch16
Alam, I. (2006). Removing the fuzziness from the fuzzy front-end of service innovations through customer interactions. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(4), 468–480.
Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. (1990). Beyond boundary spanning: Managing external dependence in product development teams. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 1(2), 119–135.
Anderson, W. L., & Crocca, W. T. (1993). Engineering practice and codevelopment of codevelopment of product prototypes. Communications of the ACM, 36(6), 49–56.
Atuahene-Gima, K., & Murray, J. Y. (2007). Exploratory and exploitative learning in new product development: A social capital perspective on new technology ventures in China. Journal of International Marketing, 15(02), 1–29.
Barczak, G., & Wilemon, D. (1989). Leadership differences in new product
development teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 6(4), 259–267.
Boland, R., & Collopy, F. (2004). Managing as Designing. Stanford Business Books.
Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=s3SO96AH9UQC Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology.
University of Chicago Press.
115
Brown, B. T., & Wyatt, J. (2010). Design Thinking for Social Innovation. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter(Winter 2010), 30–35.
Brown, S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1995). PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PAST RESEARCH, PRESENT FINDINGS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 343–378.
Brown, T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 84.
Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked problems in design thinking. Design Issues, 5–21.
Business Wire. (2001). New Study Identifies Customer Involvement as Primary Success Factor in New Product Development. Business Wire (Vol. 14). New York.
Clark, K. B., & Fujimoto, T. (1991). Product Development Performance: Strategy, Organization, and Management in the World Auto Industry. Harvard Business School Press.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1987). New products: what separates winners from losers? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 4(3), 169–184.
Crawford, C. M., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2010). New Products Management. McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved from
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.
Deschamps, J. P. (1995). Product juggernauts: How companies mobilize to generate a stream of market winners. Harvard Business Press.
Dignam, C. (2002). Prosumer power. Marketing, 14, 24–25.
116
Dunne, D., & Martin, R. (2006). Design Thinking and How It Will Change
Management Education : An Interview and. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 5(4), 512–523.
Eppinger, S. D., & Ulrich, K. T. (1995). Product design and development. 1995. New York : McGraw-Hill.
Geletkanycz, M. A., & Hambrick, D. C. (1997). The external ties of top executives:
Implications for strategic choice and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 654–681.
Gersick, C. J. G. (1989). Marking time: Predictable transitions in task groups. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 274–309.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 1360–1380.
Gupta, A. K., Raj, S. P., & Wilemon, D. (1986). A model for studying R&D. Marketing interface in the product innovation process. The Journal of Marketing, 7–17.
Hisrich, R. D., & Peters, M. P. (1984). Marketing decisions for new and mature products: planning, development, and control. CE Merrill Publishing Company.
Hisrich, R. D., & Peters, M. P. (1991). Marketing Decisions for New and Mature Products. Macmillan.
Hoepfl, M. C. (1997). Choosing qualitative research: A primer for technology education researchers.
House, R. J., & Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Journal of Contemporary Business, 3, 81–97.
Howard, Z. (2012). From concept to capability : developing design thinking within a professional services firm. In Design Research Society Biennial International Conference. Department of Industrial Design, Chulalongkorn University.
117
Hoyer, W. D., Chandy, R., Dorotic, M., Krafft, M., & Singh, S. S. (2010). Consumer cocreation in new product development. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 283–
296.
Jassawalla, A. R., & Sashittal, H. C. (2000). Strategies of Effective New Product Team Leaders. CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW, 42(2), 35.
Jehn, K. A. (1997). A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 530–557.
Jenkins, J. (2008). Creating the Right Environment for Design. Design Management Review, 19(3), 16–22.
Kaulio, M. A. (1998). Customer, consumer and user involvement in product development: A framework and a review of selected methods. Total Quality Management, 9(1), 141–149.
Kay, A. (1999). Reaching out for help. CIO Magazine, 23–25.
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2006). The leadership challenge (Vol. 3). John Wiley &
Sons.
Kozlowski, S. W. J., Watola, D. J., Nowakowski, J. M., Kim, B., Botero, I., Kozlowski, S. W. J., … Botero, I. C. (2008). Developing adaptive teams: a theory of dynamic team leadership. Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations:
Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches, 113–155.
Kumar, V., Duncan, A. K., & Breslin, M. A. (2009). Innovating health care delivery:
the design of health services. Journal of Business Strategy, 30(2/3), 13–20.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A. (1994). The patient as the pivot point for quality in health care delivery. Hospital & Health Services Administration, 40(1), 25–39.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A. (1996). Customer contributions to quality: A different view of the customer-oriented firm. Academy of Management Review, 21(3), 791–824.
118
Leonard, D., & Rayport, J. F. (1997). Spark innovation through empathic design.
Harvard Business Review, 75, 102–115.
Lilien, G. L., Morrison, P. D., Searls, K., Sonnack, M., & Hippel, E. von. (2002).
Performance assessment of the lead user idea-generation process for new product development. Management Science, 48(8), 1042–1059.
Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative communication research methods.
QUALITATIVE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH METHODS (Vol. Second). Sage Publications Ltd.
Lockwood, T. (2009). Transition: How to Become a More Design-Minded Organization. Design Management Review, 20(3), 28–37.
Mariampolski, H. (1999). The power of ethnography. Journal of the Market Research Society, 41(1), 75–86.
McDonough, E. F., & Barczak, G. (1991). Speeding up new product development: The effects of leadership style and source of technology. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 8(3), 203–211.
Moorman, C., Deshpande, R., & Zaltman, G. (1993). Factors affecting trust in market research relationships. The Journal of Marketing, 81–101.
Myers, M. D. (2009). Qualitative Research in Business & Management. SAGE Publications.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242–266.
Nambisan, S. (2002). Designing virtual customer environments for new product
development: Toward a theory. Academy of Management Review, 27(3), 392–413.
OHern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2010). Customer Co-Creation. Review of Marketing Research (Review of Marketing Research, Volume 6) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 6, 84–106.
119
Owen, C. (2007). Design thinking: Notes on its nature and use. Design Research Quarterly, 2(1), 16–27.
Peters, T. (1987). Thriving on chaos: Handbook for a managerial revolution. New York, Alfred. A. Knopf.
Pink, D. H. (2006). A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future.
Penguin Publishing Group.
Putnam, R. D. (1995). Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America. PS: Political Science & Politics, 28(04), 664–683.
Rindfleisch, A., & Moorman, C. (2001). The acquisition and utilization of information in new product alliances: A strength-of-ties perspective. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 1–18.
Rittel, H. W. J. (1972). On the Planning Crisis: Systems Analysis of the“ First and Second Generations.” Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action (Vol. 5126). Basic books.
Seidel, V. P., & Fixson, S. K. (2013). Adopting design thinking in novice multidisciplinary teams: The application and limits of design methods and reflexive practices. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30, 19–33.
Somech, A. (2006). The effects of leadership style and team process on performance and innovation in functionally heterogeneous teams. Journal of Management, 32(1), 132–157.
Song, X. M., & Montoya‐Weiss, M. M. (1998). Critical development activities for really new versus incremental products. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15(2), 124–135.
Thamhain, H. J. (2005). Managing Product Development Project Teams. The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development, Second Edition, 127–143.
120
Thoring, K., & Müller, R. M. (2011). Understanding Design Thinking: A Process Model based on Method Engineering. In DS 69: Proceedings of E&PDE 2011, the 13th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, London, UK, 08.-09.09. 2011.
Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6), 384.
Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35–67.
West, M. (1996). Handbook of work group psychology. Wiley-Blackwell.
West, M. A. (2002). Sparkling fountains or stagnant ponds: An integrative model of creativity and innovation implementation in work groups. Applied Psychology, 51(3), 355–387.
Zahra, S. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hitt, M. A. (2000). International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 925–950.
Zhang, Y., & Li, H. (2010). Innovation search of new ventures in a technology cluster:
the role of ties with service intermediaries. Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 88–109.
121
中文部份
奚林 (2006). 科技創新策略管理.(溫榮弘譯)台北市: 雙葉總代理.
行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局. (2005). 工作大贏家:新興熱門行職業介紹. 工作大 贏家:新興熱門行職業介紹.
柯靜純. (2011a). 醫療器材產業在國際行銷通路型態決策之研究. 交通大學管理學 院科技管理學程學位論文, 1–89.
柯靜純. (2011b). 醫療器材產業在國際行銷通路型態決策之研究. 管理學院科技管 理學程. 國立交通大學, 新竹市.
胡幼慧. (1996). 質性研究: 理論, 方法及本土女性研究實例. 台北: 巨流.
康培玲. (2007). 創新醫療器材關鍵成功因素研究發表. In 培訓 科技背景跨顉域高 級人材計畫-96 年海外培訓成果發表會. 經濟部.
張慈映, & 林怡欣. (2013). 2013醫療器材產業年鑑. 工研院產經中心.
張慈映, & 蔡孟男. (2014). 2014醫療器材產業年鑑. 工研院產經中心.
陳義勝. (1984). 組織行為. 華泰.
馮晉嘉. (2008). 醫療器材產業鏈報告.
楊茹嵐. (2007). 台灣醫療器材產業公司組織創新量表建構與實證之研究. 長庚大 學.
122
網路部份
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2014). Interim Update on 2013 Annual Hospital-Acquired Condition Rate and Estimates of Cost Savings and Deaths Averted From 2010 to 2013. Retrieved from
http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/pfp/interimhac2013-ap2.html
Butte College. (n.d.). Deductive, Inductive and Abductive Reasoning. Retrieved April 14, 2015, from
https://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/thinking/reasoning.html d.school. (2010a). An Introduction to Design Thinking PROCESS GUIDE.
d.school(Institute of Design at Standard). Retrieved from
https://dschool.stanford.edu/sandbox/groups/designresources/wiki/36873/attachme nts/74b3d/ModeGuideBOOTCAMP2010L.pdf?sessionID=9a5d0a2a0cd5fb6c26a5 67b2636b19513b76d0f4
d.school. (2010b). The Bootcamp Bootleg. d.school(Institute of Design at Standard).
Retrieved from http://dschool.stanford.edu/use-our-methods/the-bootcamp-bootleg/
Intermed Resources. (2014). GPO Annual Purchase Volume & Market Share. Retrieved from www.intermedtn.com/gpos/
MBA 智庫百科. (n.d.). 路徑-目標理論. Retrieved April 26, 2015, from
http://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84-%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA
MBA 智庫百科. (2008). 專利申請戰略. Retrieved from http://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%B7%E6%88%98%E7%
95%A5
mindful design practice. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2015, from
https://mindfuldesignpractice.wordpress.com/2013/02/24/design-thinking-year-of-the-drag-scn/
Robertson, G. (2014). Step-by-Step on How to Run a Brainstorming Meeting. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140811132825-13996180-step-by-step-on-how-to-run-a-brainstorming-meeting
123
Steinsapir, D. (2014). Creative Problem Solving. Retrieved April 14, 2015, from http://blog.wikispaces.com/2014/05/creative-problem-solving.html
Suzuki, S. (2010). The Power of Prototyping. Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://www.paristechreview.com/2010/11/02/power-prototyping/
The American Hospital Association. (2015). Fast Facts on US Hospitals. Retrieved April 29, 2015, from http://www.aha.org/research/rc/stat-studies/fast-facts.shtml the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2013). 2013 Annual Progress
Report to Congress:National Strategy for Quality Improvement in Health Care.
Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/workingforquality/nqs/nqs2013annlrpt.htm 成功大學. (2011). NCKU Developed Taiwan’s First Proactive Cancer Treatment
System First-Generation Prototype. Retrieved April 29, 2015, from http://web.ncku.edu.tw/files/16-1000-74734.php