第六章 結論與建議
第四節 研究限制與未來研究
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綜上所述，除了培養優秀的師資，盡量滿足學習者學習需求的教材及有效的 教學法，讓留學生更順利融入台灣華語文學習環境，轉換留學生的華語文學習信 念也是提高學習成效的新方向。本研究便發現，留學生由於不了解學習進程，操 之過急或屢屢挫敗的經驗，轉換不了信念而萌生放棄學習的念頭。再者，留學生 由於日趨能夠與母語者互動，開始對高級課程或專題班興致缺缺。值得一提的 是，提供輔導機制、請高程度的學員分享留學經驗、與商家合作進行實景演練、
提高母語者的跨文化交際能力等檢視是否能改善初 出國留學生的期待落差，減 緩實際學習生活與信念期待的衝突，也可以是未來值得加以深入研究的課題。因 此本研究認為，學習者和在地母語者、國際同儕之間的互動，是課堂以外促進語 言應用能力最好的學習場域，應該受到重視，並作為未來的研究方向，以完善留 學生學習華語文的制度、措施、輔導，提升台灣的教學品質，打開國際知名度，
吸引更多外籍留學生。
第四節 研究限制與未來研究
信念是內隱的，無法視察，而且學習者當下的學習態度與動機很可能是受到 很久以前的某件事的牽引，以致後來表現得更好或更糟。此外，研究參與者的心 情、興致等都是非常主觀的，無法標準的評量。因此本研究通過四次深度訪談採 集研究參與者學習歷程，再輔以其他補充材料驗證研究參與者的敘述，以保證訪 談內容的可信度。但倘若仍有研究參與者未道出的歷程，便無法被納入分析中。
而這次的研究歷時一學期，無法繼續追踪研究參與者未來的發展，因此無法獲得 高程度語言學習者的語言信念，以及環境對高程度華語文學習者的影響。
此外，本研究旨在從學習者角度發掘現象，以回饋教師教學及中心制度。不 過本研究最終只有三位參與者願意接受公開的受訪資料，而且研究參與者來源 皆是歐美人士，三人均為來自台北同一所華語文中心之男學生，因此更需要更多 類似研究，更廣泛地收集華語留學生赴台留學的際遇，才能彙整出適合來自不同 區域的留學生的有效解決方案。因此，本研究建議未來的研究可從台灣其他地區 的學校尋找研究參與者，或是針對女性留學生，又或是來自其他國家族群的留學 生進行研究。
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177 語言學習信念是多面向、多層次、隨著學習者的環境及學習際遇而變化的。
個人的信念將決定個人的學習態度與行為，建立學習者的學習經歷及成果，反之 學習經驗及成果型塑學習者的學習信念。
本研究發現，研究參與者的最終目標便是能以華語文交際溝通，赴台留學是 為了增加接觸母語者的機會。而他們的華語文學習信念很大程度受到過往的學 習經驗影響，以及學習過程中的成敗左右。為了能夠更真實地反映華語文留學生 對於學習需求、動機、態度，甚至是教材、教法、課程管理等方面的見解與看法，
未來的研究也許可針對華語文學習信念的細項深入研究，例如學習者的學習情 境、社交資源及社交圈，以了解不同程度的學習者需要哪些幫助、適合那些社 群。但華語文教學界相關研究數量相對而言仍非常少，因此需要更多類似的研 究，以發現其中的現象規律。尤其是得到教學經驗豐富的語言教師參與或回饋，
也許更能夠針對所收集的學生學習歷程提出有力見解。相信了解這些方面的差異 後，有關單位更能進一步養成師資、開發教材及教學設計方、輔導安排，完善台 灣的華語文教學系統。
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Could you tell me about how did you first encounter Chinese? And how did you start learning Chinese?
2. 你是怎麼學習華語文的？你可以說一說學習華語文的過程是怎樣的？
How did you learn Chinese? How was the process? Could you further explain it?
3. 學習華語文的過程中有哪些成功或者失敗的例子？你可以說一說當時的心
情如何？
Did you feel a sense of achievement, or any dissatisfaction, frustration or setback during the Chinese learning process? Could you share these learning
experiences?
來台 緣由 與期 待
4. 你可以說一說為什麼選擇來台灣？
Could you tell me why did you choose Taiwan?
5. 你對台灣的華語文環境有什麼期待或想像？請說一說。
What was your expectation or imagination of the Chinese speaking environment in Taiwan? Could you give some examples to illustrate it?
6. 你當時的心情如何？你做了哪些準備？請說一說。
How did you feel during pre-departure? How did you prepare before coming to Taiwan? Could you further explain it?
7. 想像中，你覺得自己可以怎麼以華語文應付台灣的華語文環境？
In your imagination, how were you going to adapt to the Chinese speaking environment in Taiwan? Could you further explain it?
到台
How do you adapt to the Chinese speaking environment after you got to Taiwan?
Could you further explain it?
9. 在台灣學習華語文這段時間裡，有哪些令你高興/驕傲的事？或是令你失望 的事？你可以說一說嗎？
During the stay in Taiwan, anything made you very happy / proud? Or anything disappointed you? Could you share these learning experiences?
10. 在台灣學習華語文這段時間裡，你覺得自己已經達成了哪些目標，得到了 哪些收穫？或是還沒完成哪些目標 / 事？你可以說一說嗎？
During the stay in Taiwan, what goals/harvest have you achieved in learning Chinese? Or vice versa? Could you share these learning experiences?
11. 在台灣留學的這段時間，哪些事件對你的華語文學習影響最大？請你說一 說。
Were there any events affect you the most during your Chinese learning process in Taiwan? Could you further explain it?
12. 這段時間裡是否有新的學習方法或學習策略？請你說一說。
During the stay, have you picked up any new learning way or strategies? Could
you tell me about it?
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