• 沒有找到結果。

第四章 個案分析

第一節 簡體班:戴娃

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第四章 個案分析

本章個案分析內容包括四個個案,每個個案將分成三個部分來呈現,即每 個個案的語言學習背景、華語學習情況、與漢字學習歷程。第一、語言學習背 景的部分,會交代學習者過去學過哪些第二外語,及其學習動機與情況,一探 學習者所處的環境對於外語學習的看法,以及學習者自身的學習動機與方式如 何影響其語言學習;第二、華語學習情況的部分,會先就學習者的華語學習動 機、學習態度、與學習方式,一一呈現;第三、漢字學習歷程的部分,則是探 究學習者不同階段的漢字學習狀況,學習者的漢字學習狀況有哪些不同,分別 有哪些收穫和困難。

第一節 簡體班:戴娃 (一) 語言學習背景

戴娃學習過的外語有英語和法語,英語是自國小一年級起必修課程之一,法 語是在高中時期的選修課程,接下來就戴娃學習第二外語的看法、學習的狀況 一一呈現:

1. 學習第二外語很重要

戴娃認為學習第二外語非常重要,對於瑞典人而言更是如此。因為瑞典語 只限於瑞典該國使用,不同於語言地位較為強勢的英語或中文。戴娃說,瑞典 教育當局相當重視外語教育,將英語列為義務教育中必修課程之一,瑞典孩童 們從國小一年級起,就同時學習英語與瑞典語。對於瑞典人而言,學習第二外 語可以讓自己具備競爭力與國際性,這也是瑞典成為全歐洲英語程度最好的原 因之一:

每個瑞典人都是從小就學英語,英語就像是我們的第二母語。我們看英語 電影、聽英語歌、結識很多說英語的朋友,英語就像是我們生活的一部 分。我想,我們會這麼重視英語,是因為我們知道,如果要走遍這個世 界,只有九百萬人所使用的瑞典語是不足夠的,每個人都應該學習第二外 語,特別是像英語這樣為各國廣泛使用的語言。就像我最愛的一本書 世界 是平的所提到的,我非常認同書中所傳達的概念,即今日網際網路的快速

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發展,每個人就像生活在同一個地球村裡,資訊的傳達非常快速即時,各 國交流也相當頻繁,因應新時代的來臨,我們都應該走出自己的國家,和 同為地球村村民的各國人士交流。(戴娃訪談 140304)

English is just like our “second mother tongue”, all Swedes begin to learn Eng-lish when we were still children. We watched EngEng-lish movies, listened to EngEng-lish songs, and got to know many friends who speak English. English is just like a part of our life. And I believed the reason we care about English so much is just because we know, if we want to see through the world, all of us need to learn a second language, especially the one which is widely used by many countries, like English. Not like Swedish which is only spoken by nine million people. One of my favorite book, The World Is Flat, I really like what it says over and over again in the book, which is, “The new era is coming! We all have to go out of our home country, to work with other people who live in this global village like us. Due to the rapid development of the Internet, the spread of information is fast, the inter-action of different counties is quite frequently, everyone in every countries is ac-tually lives in the same village, the global village.”

戴娃也提到,瑞典的人口組成豐富多元,有非常多的外來移民,領養亞洲 孩童的家庭也不在少數,所以不論是社區、學校或公司,都有很多國際人士。

這也可能是瑞典人注重第二語言學習的原因:

你很難界定典型的瑞典人長什麼樣子。當你走到校園、街道上、或是咖啡 廳,你可以看到不同膚色、髮色的人,這非常普遍。我們常常會發現班上 有來自不同國家的人,特別是亞洲人,可能是泰國、越南、或是中國,但 他們只會說瑞典文。校園外也常常可以看到各國人士,在印度餐廳裡,可 能有德國人、法國人、美國人、日本人一起用餐。在瑞典,滿街都是外國 人。所以學校除了英文,德文、法文、西班牙文都是非常熱門的第二外 語,瑞典教育部也規定高中生必修一門第二外語,學習一門外語對於求職 也有相當正面的影響。(戴娃訪談 140304)

It's hard to define what the typical Swedes look like. When you walk around the campus, the streets, or the cafe, it's very common to see people with different

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skin colors, hair colors. And it's also very common to find that your classmates are from different countries in class, mainly from Asia, like from Thailand, Vi-etnam, or China. But they can only speak Swedish. When you walk out of the campus, you can see people around the world easily. When you enter an Indian restaurant, and you may probably find German, French, Americans, Japanese sitting at the same table. This is quite common in Sweden, foreigners are every-where. Every schools in Sweden offers different language courses , in addition to English, it's very popular to learn a second language like German, French, or Spanish. The ministry of education in Sweden requests high school students to take a second language as a required course, because with a foreign language skill can make your job hunting easier.

戴娃學習外語的動機,除了考慮到增加自身的國際性與競爭性,也很重視 語言的美感與語言所承載的歷史與文化。對戴娃而言,學習一個新的語言也就 是認識一個新的國家、不同的文化:

我非常喜愛美好的事物,也熱愛學習新事物'。我從六歲就開始學習小提琴,

當我彈奏不同的曲目,就像在演繹不同人的人生故事,有喜有悲,學習小 提琴帶領我進入了一個嶄新的世界。相同地,學習新的語言也是一樣的,

語言不只是一門學科,而是像音樂,是有著不同魅力的一門藝術。當你學 習一個語言,就等於認識了一個新的國家、新的文化,踏入了一個新的世 界。我選修法文的原因很簡單也有點好笑,只是因為我發現所有好吃的甜 點,都是法文名稱,為什麼法國能創造出這麼多美好的甜點,我想瞭解更 多,所以才學法文。(戴娃訪談 140304)

I love all the wonderful things, and always eager to learn new things. I started learning to play the violin since I was 6 years old, and every time I played the vi-olin, different songs is like different stories of different people's life, it has ups and downs, happiness and sorrow at the same time. Learning to play violin takes me to a whole new world. Similarly, learning a new language can take you to a new world. Language is not just a academic subject at school, but an art with different charms, like music. Once you started to learn a new language, you get to know a new country, new culture, and then you just step into a whole new world. The reason why I took French is very simple but funny. I found that all the

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delicious desserts are from France, and I wanted to learn more about it. There-fore, I took French course.

另外,戴娃也表示,學習新的語言還有一個很重要的優點,就是能擴展生 命的廣度。如果學會一門新的語言,可以到新的地方去旅遊、結識新的朋友、

體會新的人事物。旅遊最重要的部分,就是認識當地風土人情,所以掌握外語 是相當重要的關鍵。語言不通的話,不但會失去很多樂趣、往往也會造成很多 問題:

瑞典一年只有三個月是夏天,剩下的九個月都是嚴寒的冬天,沒有陽光、

只有黑暗。所以每個瑞典人都一定會到國外旅行,旅行是我們生命的一部 分。像我和男友去法國旅行的時候,我和民宿主人聊得很開心,她介紹了 很多當地人熱愛的景點名店,不是一般觀光客知道的,非常獨特有趣。有 些店家也只提供法文菜單,歸功於我從高中時期就培養的法文能力,我們 嘗試了很多當地人才知道的美食。男友和我都很慶幸,我懂得法文,哈 哈!( 戴娃訪談 140304)

Here (in Sweden) we have only three months to enjoy the summer time, and nine months to suffer from severe winter, no bright sunshine but darkness everywhere.

Therefore, traveling to a foreign country is on every Swedes' must-do list, it be-comes a part of our life. When my boyfriend and I travelled to France, I had a great time chatting with our B&B host. She introduced to us a lot of attractions and shops that are well-known among French people but tourists. It's really fun and special. Some restaurants or shops only have French on the wall or menu.

But that's totally fine with me, I've learned French since I was a senior high stu-dent, thanks to it, I can read and speak French to the local people. So we can try many local cuisines that only French people know. My boyfriend and I both feel happy because I have learned French!

我和男友曾到中國旅行,但礙於語言問題,失去了很多樂趣。例如當我們 看到新奇的事物、想要詢問當地人,卻發現用英語無法溝通,我感到很失 望。旅程中,我們也因為不懂中文遭遇了一些難題,犯了一些錯誤、製造

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了一些麻煩。像是我們在參觀廟宇時,廟裡的大師突然跑向我們,很生氣 的指著我們,但我們實在不懂他所嘗試表達的是什麼,我們馬上離開了那 裡。另外,中國有很多餐廳都只有中文菜單、沒有圖片,我們只能憑運 氣。(戴娃訪談 140304)

During our trip in China, we lost a lot of fun for the language problem. Such as, when we see something cool but we've no idea what it is, then we turned to ask some local people and realized that English doesn't work here. I was so upset. In our journey, we encountered some difficulties, made some mistakes, and caused some troubles, all because both of us know nothing about Chinese language.

When we were visiting the temple, the master came to us, he pointed at us and said something angrily. In that kind of situation, we really need to do something, right? But the problem is we had no idea what he was trying to tell us, what we can do is just to get out of the temple immediately. Besides, most restaurants in China only have menu written in Chinese, no pictures on it, so it's all about luck to get the food you want.

相當重視旅遊的戴娃,認為掌握好第二外語可以為旅程加分,不只能夠與 當地居民順利交流、得到更多情報,更可以體驗不同國家的文化與風土民情,

讓旅程獲得更多樂趣,並且避免溝通不良而造成問題。

因此,戴娃認為學習第二外語相當重要,尤其自己身處瑞典,一直以來有 著豐富多元的外來移民,若要讓自己更具國際化、更有競爭性,並且能與更多 國際人士交流溝通,應當學好第二外語。並且透過學習外語,認識更多國家及 其文化,擴展自己的視野及生命的廣度。

接下來呈現的是,戴娃學習第二外語的情況,課堂上老師的授課方式與課 後戴娃自己的學習情形。

2. 學好第二外語的關鍵是自己

戴娃從小學一年級開始學習英語,瑞典的英語課是以瑞典語授課,教材也 是瑞典語,教師也大多是瑞典籍英語老師。戴娃認為英語比起瑞典語,聽起來 更簡單俐落,發音和文法也相對容易得多:

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我覺得比起瑞典語,英語真的非常有趣。因為瑞典語有很多音都是揪著嘴 發著ㄜ或是ㄩ的音,就像一直在嘔吐,看起來很可笑。瑞典語聽起來實在 不怎麼優美,反而給人一種壓抑的感覺。但英語很不同,英語非常簡單俐 落,不論是發音或是文法,都很淺白易懂 !(戴娃訪談 140304)

I think English is really fun other than Swedish. Because of Swedish itself, there are many sounds in Swedish you have to squish your mouth to pronounce ㄜ or

I think English is really fun other than Swedish. Because of Swedish itself, there are many sounds in Swedish you have to squish your mouth to pronounce ㄜ or