Wiimote
Development and Evaluation of using
Wiimote Whiteboard teaching in
elementary schools
wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote
Abstract
This study investigated the current usage of Wiimote Whiteboard among elementary school teachers and analyzed the teachers’ intention to use Wiimote whiteboard using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Under promotion by Ministry of Education, integration of information technology has been a focal development item for all elementary schools. Proper utilization of instructional technologies, such as Wiimote Whiteboard, is believed to help increase the effectiveness of teaching in multiple aspects. This study explored factors affecting teachers’ use of information technology in teaching. Data were collected from questionnaire survey, and the proposed model and hypotheses were validated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Found the following conclusions were described as follows:
1. Significant gender differences existed in elementary school teachers’ “attitude toward
innovation”, “information confidence” and “perceived ease of use” of Wiimote Whiteboard.
2. The teachers’ “attitude toward innovation”, “information confidence”, “administrative
support from the school”, “perceived ease of use”, “perceived usefulness” and “behavioral intention” regarding use of Wiimote Whiteboard were not significantly affected by their age, length of service, school scale and position.
3. Teachers who established the Wiimote Whiteboard instructional system by themselves
showed higher “attitude toward innovation”, “information confidence”, “perceived ease of use”, “perceived usefulness” and “behavioral intention” than those who did not.
4. “Perceived usefulness” of Wiimote Whiteboard was significantly and positively affected
by teachers’ “attitude toward innovation” and “administrative support from the school”.
5. “Perceived ease of use” of Wiimote Whiteboard was significantly and positively affected
by teachers’ “attitude toward innovation” and “information confidence”.
6. “Perceived usefulness” of Wiimote Whiteboard was significantly and positively affected
by “perceived ease of use” of Wiimote Whiteboard.
7. The teachers’ “intention to use” Wiimote Whiteboard was significantly and positively
affected by “perceived usefulness” and “perceived ease of use” of Wiimote Whiteboard.
Key Words: Wiimote WhiteBoard, Technology Acceptance Mode (TAM), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
... 1 ... 1 ... 3 ... 5 ... 5 ... 6 ... 8 ... 8 Wiimote ... 16 ... 饋9 ... 37 ... 44 ... 44 ... 45 ... 46 ... 47 ... 55 ... 57 ... 61 ... 61 ... 64 ... 68 ... 78 ... 84 ... 84 ... 88 ... 91 1 wiimote ... 101 饋 wiimote ... 108
饋-1 ... 9 饋-饋 wiimote ... 11 饋-3 ... 1饋 饋-4 LED ... 饋1 饋-5 ... 31 饋-6 ... 34 饋-7 ... 41 3-1 ... 47 3-饋 ... 48 3-3 wiimote ... 47 3-4 ... 50 3-5 ... 53 3-6 ... 53 3-7 ... 54 3-8 ... 54 3-9 ... 55 3-10 ... 55 3-11 ... 56 3-1饋 SEM ... 59 4-1 ... 6饋 4-饋 ... 63 4-3 t ... 65 4-4 ... 66 4-5 ... 66 4-6 ... 67 4-7 ... 67 4-8 t ... 68 4-9 ... 69 4-10 Pearson ... 70 4-11 ... 7饋 4-1饋 ... 73 4-13 ... 74 4-14 ... 75
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( British Educational Communications and Technology Agency, BECTA ) (Manchester Metropolitan University)
(Evaluation of Primary Schools Whiteboard Expansion Project)
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Steve Higgins, Kate Wall & Jen Miller 饋005)
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2-3
USB wiimote
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wiimote 1. 2-5 wiimote 饋009a 2-5 wiimote 1 饋009 饋. ( 2-6) wiimote CMOS wiimote 2-6 wiimote 2 饋009
3. ( 2-7) 2-7 wiimote 3 饋009a :(1) wiimote wiimote (2)wiimote wiimote wiimote 2-8 2-8 wiimote 饋009 wiimote
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LED LED LED
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LED
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Microsoft .NET Framework
饋00饋
wiimote .NET
，windows 7 .NET
wiimote
BlueSoleil Toshiba Widcomm Microsoft
BlueSoleil
wiimote 1 2 20
饋009a
wiimote wiimote
1.Johnny Chung Lee 饋007 Wiimote Whiteboard v0.3
2. Wiimote Smoothboard 0.4.6 Beta Boon Jin Goh，
。Wiimote Smoothboard 0.4.6 Beta
Smoothboard 1.6
3. WKE wkeIWB
WKE 饋009
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wiimote
wiimote 饋010
5.WiimoteAutoConnect 饋009 WiimoteAutoConnect
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LED wiimote LED
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1. 饋.
3.wiimote 4.
5.
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wiimote wiimote
e e wiimote 饋003 BECTA(饋004) 1. 饋. 3. 4. 5.
饋-17
2-17 Relationships between Confidence barrier and other barriers.( BECTA 2004)
(Ertmer 1999a)
Albaugh 1997
(Margaret Cox, Christina Preston & Kate Cox 1999)
LACK OF TEACHER CONFIDENCE Technical Problems Lack of personal access Lack of teacher competence Lack of Access at school Lack of Access at home Lack of skills Training Lack of ’Self Training Lack of Pedagogical Training Lack of tech support Fear of things going wrong
Zhao Cziko 2001 perception control theory
Demetriadis, Barbas, Molohides,
Palaigeorgiou, Psillos, Vlahavas, Tsoukalas & Pombortsis 2003
(Mooij & Smeets 2001)
Vannatta & Fordham 2004
饋-5
饋007
饋-5 饋008 饋005 饋004 饋000 饋000 40.5 饋5.3 13.1 9.5 饋000
Ertmer(1999b) external
internal
Ertmer(1999b)
Zhao & Cziko 饋001
饋003 Ertmer(1999b) Zhao Cziko 饋001
Ertmer
2-18 饋003 饋003 饋-6 Ertmer 1999) Becta(2004) Albaugh 1997 Margaret Cox, Christina Preston & Kate
饋-6
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饋003
( 饋009b)
TRA (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975; Ajzen
& Fishbein 1980), TPB (Ajzen 1991) (TAM) (Davis
1986)
(Davis, 1986)
(TAM) Davis 1986
(Fishbein & Azjen，1975)。 TRA
；
(Davis 1986)
2-19
(Davis 1989)
(Algahtani & King 1999)
(Davis, Bagozzi & Warshaw 1989)
Davis
(perceived ease of use)
(Davis, Bagozzi & Warshaw 1989) Riillips
(Phillips, Calantone & Lee 1994)
(perceived ease of use)
(Davis et al. 1989) Phillips
(Phillips et al. 1994)
(Davis 1989)
(external variables)
attitude toward using
Davis 1989
(behavioral intention to use)
Davis 1989
Davis
1 饋
3 (Davis et al.，1989)
Szajna 1996 Davis et al. (1989
Pre-implement version Post-implement version
饋 饋-饋0
subjective norm voluntariness
image
2-20 饋 Venkatesh & Davis 2000
30
communication systems
general-purpose systems office systems specialized
business systems (Lee, Kozar & Larsen
2003)
饋-7 (饋010) 1. 2. 3. (饋010) 1. 2. 3. (饋010) 1. 饋. 饋009 1. 2.
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饋-7 饋004 1. 2. 饋00饋 1. 2. ( ) TAM 饋-7 wiimote
wiimote
Davis 饋010 饋009 饋00饋 饋010 饋009 饋010 饋004 wiimote wiimote wiimote (Questionnaire Survey) H4a H3 H1a H2a H1b H2b H1c H2c H4b 3-2
Davis et al. (1989) H1a wiimote H1b wiimote H1c wiimote H2a wiimote H2b wiimote H2c wiimote H3 wiimote H4a wiimote H4b wiimote
3-1 Demetriadis et al. 饋003 饋005 饋005 饋007
Compeau & Higgins (1995)
Ertmer 1999) 饋008
wiimote Davis et al.(1989)；
(饋00饋)
wiimote Davis et al.(1989)
Venkatesh ＆ Davis (饋000
wiimote Davis et al.(1989)
Venkatesh ＆ Davis (饋000
Davis wiimote wiimote 饋010
3-饋 ( ) Wiimote Wiimote 90% 90% 90% 17% 3-3 3-3 wiimote 1 0.83 0.17 饋 1.00 3 0.5 0.33 0.17 4 0.67 0.33
3-3 wiimote 1 0.5 0.5 饋 1.0 3 1.0 1 0.67 0.33 饋 0.67 0.33 3 1.0 4 0.16 0.67 0.17 1 1.0 饋 0.83 0.17 3 1.0 4 0.83 0.17 1 0.67 0.33 饋 0.83 0.17 3 0.83 0.17 4 0.33 0.5 0.17 5 0.83 0.17 1 0.83 0.17 饋 1.0 3 1.0 4 0.33 0.5 0.17 5 0.83 0.17 17%
3-4 1 饋 3 4 1
:Word Power Point
饋 : DV 3 wiimote 1 饋
3-4 3 4 : 1 wiimote 饋 wiimote 3 wiimote 4 wiimote 1 wiimote wiimote 饋 wiimote 3 wiimote 4 wiimote wiimote 5 wiimote wiimote
3-4 1 wiimote wiimote 饋 wiimote 3 wiimote 4 wiimote 5 wiimote wiimote wiimote 1~7
3-5 A1 A饋 A. A3 饋009 1~7 3-6 B1
:Word Power Point
B饋 : DV B. B3 wiimote Becta(饋004) 饋009 1~7
3-7 C1 C饋 C. C3 饋009 wiimote 1~7 wiimote 3-8 PU1 wiimote PU饋 wiimote PU3 wiimote PU. PU4 wiimote Davis et al. (1989) 饋010 wiimote 1~7 wiimote
3-9 PEU1 wiimote PEU饋 wiimote PEU3 wiimote PEU. PEU4 wiimote Davis et al. (1989) 2010 饋010 wiimote 1~7 3-10 BI1 wiimote BI饋 wiimote BI3 wiimote BI. BI4 wiimote Davis et al. (1989) 饋010
wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote wiimote google 99 9 14 10 饋0 饋53 饋饋5 88.9% 14 饋11 93.8% 3-11 6 6 1 1 12 4 15 13 10 9 12 6 6 6 1 1 10 9 10 10 10 9 10 10
3-11 5 5 16 16 12 12 6 5 6 4 34 34 1 1 6 5 1 1 10 10 12 11 10 9 2 2 10 8 1 1 12 11 6 6 饋53 饋饋5 SPSS17.0 Amos16.0
Cronbach’s α Cronbach’s α 饋009 α .65 .70 α .70 .80 α .80 .90 α 0.35 t t Scheffe (SEM) ( )
SEM ( 饋009) AMOS (饋009) SEM 3-1饋 3-12 SEM χ2/ d.f. 1. (χ2) 2. (χ2) 1 1~3 5 1<(χ2)/d.f. 3 (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA) 1. 2. 0.05~0.08 RMSEA 0.08 (goodness of fit index, GFI) 1. 2. 0~1 1 0.9 GFI 0.9 (adjusted goodness of fit index, AGFI)
1. GFI 0~1
0.9
2.
3-12 SEM ( )
(normal fit index, NFI) 1. 2. NFI＞0.9 (comparative fit index, CFI) 1. NFI 2. CFI CFI＞0.9
wiimote 饋53 饋饋5 88.9% 14 饋11 93.8% 4-1 68 3饋.饋% 32 15.饋% 饋3 10.9% 109 51.7% 10饋 48.3% 31~40 49.3% 41~50 37.0% 86.3% 11~15 饋7.0% 6~10 饋6.5% 16~饋0 19.4% 饋5 ( ) 6饋.1% 6 ( ) 17.1% 1饋1 57.3% 47 饋饋.3% wiimote 135 64.0%
4-1 68 3饋.饋 3饋.饋 19 9.0 41.饋 饋3 10.9 5饋.1 3饋 15.饋 67.3 1饋 5.7 73.0 17 8.1 81.0 9 4.3 85.3 11 5.饋 90.5 7 3.3 93.8 5 饋.4 96.饋 6 饋.8 99.1 1 0.5 99.5 1 0.5 100.0 109 51.7 51.7 10饋 48.3 100.0 30 饋4 11.4 11.4 31~40 104 49.3 60.7 41~50 78 37.0 97.6 51 5 饋.4 100.0 5 ( ) 18 8.5 8.5 6~10 56 饋6.5 35.1 11~15 57 饋7.0 6饋.1 16~饋0 41 19.4 81.5 饋1 ( ) 39 18.5 100.0 6 ( ) 36 17.1 17.1 7~1饋 饋1 10.0 饋7.0 13~饋4 饋3 10.9 37.9 饋5 ( ) 131 6饋.1 100.0
4-1 14 6.6 6.6 47 饋饋.3 饋8.9 1饋1 57.3 86.3 饋9 13.7 100.0 76 36.0 36.0 135 64.0 100.0 4-2 189 89.6% 105 49.8% 130 61.6% 4-2 4 1.9 1.9 (PPT WORD) 9 4.3 6.饋 6 饋.8 9.0 3 1.4 10.4 ( ) 189 89.6 100.0 19 9.0 9.饋 (PPT WORD) 6饋 饋9.4 39.3 105 49.8 90.3 1饋 5.7 96.1 ( 8 3.8 100.0
4-2 55 饋6.1 饋7.9 (PPT、WORD) 56 饋6.5 56.3 56 饋6.5 84.8 饋4 11.4 97.0 ( ) 6 饋.8 100.0 79 37.4 41.4 (PPT、WORD) 59 饋8.0 7饋.3 饋6 1饋.3 85.9 饋4 11.4 98.4 ( ) 3 1.4 100.0 39 18.5 饋0.5 (PPT、WORD) 13 6.饋 饋7.4 4 1.9 饋9.5 130 61.6 97.9 ( ) 4 1.9 100.0
t Independent Sample t - test
One-way ANOVA
t 4-3 t p 0.05 wiimote 4-3 t t 109 6.3饋11 10饋 6.1569 饋.饋饋7 * 0.0饋7 109 6.3058 10饋 5.7饋饋饋 6.饋56 *** 0.000 109 5.9848 10饋 6.0719 -0.835 0.404 --- 109 6.1055 10饋 6.0098 1.050 0.饋95 --- 109 6.0734 10饋 5.6618 4.107 *** 0.000 109 6.饋867 10饋 6.饋13饋 0.891 0.374 --- ***p<0.001 *p＜.05 4-4 wiimote wiimote
4-4 F Scheffe 0.650 3 0.饋17 0.739 0.530 --- 1.405 3 0.468 0.863 0.461 --- 1.617 3 0.539 0.941 0.4饋饋 --- 1.6饋6 3 0.54饋 1.饋41 0.饋96 --- 0.386 3 0.1饋9 0.饋饋3 0.880 --- 1.007 3 0.336 0.938 0.4饋3 --- 4-5 wiimote wiimote 4-5 F Scheffe 0.539 4 0.135 0.456 0.768 --- 饋.548 4 0.637 1.180 0.3饋1 --- 3.957 4 0.989 1.754 0.140 --- 0.9饋饋 4 0.饋30 0.5饋1 0.7饋0 --- 4.936 4 1.饋34 饋.饋18 0.068 --- 1.60饋 4 0.401 1.1饋3 0.346 --- 4-6 wiimote
wiimote 4-6 F Scheffe 0.698 3 0.饋33 0.794 0.499 --- 1.684 3 0.561 1.037 0.377 --- 0.67饋 3 0.饋饋4 0.388 0.76饋 --- 1.饋38 3 0.413 0.941 0.4饋饋 --- 4.151 3 1.384 饋.48饋 0.06饋 --- 1.356 3 0.45饋 1.饋69 0.饋86 --- 4-7 wiimote ( ) wiimote 4-7 F Scheffe 0.饋饋8 3 0.076 0.饋57 0.856 --- 3.967 3 1.3饋饋 饋.493 0.061 --- 0.饋56 3 0.085 0.147 0.931 --- 1.61饋 3 0.537 1.饋31 0.300 --- 饋.饋99 3 0.766 1.353 0.饋58 --- 0.198 3 0.066 0.183 0.908 ---
t 4-8 t p=0.524 0.05 wiimote wiimote 4-8 t t A 76 6.4430 B 135 6.1饋84 4.饋18 *** 0.000 A B A 76 6.4饋11 B 135 5.8000 6.4饋3 *** 0.000 A B A 76 5.98饋5 B 135 6.0519 -0.639 0.5饋4 --- A 76 6.饋171 B 135 5.9704 饋.636 ** 0.009 A B A 76 6.1579 B 135 5.7148 4.饋59 *** 0.000 A B A 76 6.4178 B 135 6.1574 3.098 ** 0.00饋 A B ***p<0.001 **p<0.01 t A B Cronbach’s α Pearson
Cronbach’s α 0.727 0.731 0.801 0.909 0.923 0.916 α 0.7 4-9 Cronbach’s α α 0.7饋7 A1 0.604 0.581 A2 0.566 0.6饋0 A3 0.487 0.7饋1 0.731 B1 0.514 0.735 B2 0.673 0.491 B3 0.550 0.690 0.801 C1 0.643 0.740 C2 0.680 0.705 C3 0.63饋 0.74饋 0.909 PU1 0.8饋9 0.869 PU2 0.777 0.887 PU3 0.76饋 0.894 PU4 0.809 0.877 0.9饋3 PEU1 0.8饋8 0.898 PEU2 0.84饋 0.89饋 PEU3 0.8饋5 0.898 PEU4 0.794 0.909 0.916 BI1 0.838 0.88饋 BI2 0.808 0.890 BI3 0.845 0.877 BI4 0.749 0.914 Pearson Pearson 1 1 1 1 0 .7 0 .99 0 .4 0 .69 4-10
4-10 Pearson A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 A1 1 A2 .565** 1 A3 .453** .410** 1 B1 .380** .301** .339** 1 B2 .458** .349** .359** .532** 1 B3 .546** .402** .516** .401** .617** 1 C1 .231** .167** .295** .051 .252** .188** 1 C2 .234** .258** .273** .115 .149* .211** .604** 1 C3 .137* .206** .209** .017 .132 .130 .547** .592** 1 **p<0.01
PU1 PU2 PU3 PU4 PEU1 PEU2 PEU3 PEU4 BI1 BI2 BI3 BI4 PU1 1 PU2 .734** 1 PU3 .738** .641** 1 PU4 .743** .735** .696** 1 PEU1 .530** .519** .484** .537** 1 PEU2 .536** .453** .470** .489** .790** 1 PEU3 .604** .514** .550** .556** .742** .777** 1 PEU4 .543** .524** .543** .562** .730** .724** .738** 1 BI1 .658** .600** .617** .651** .574** .547** .606** .646** 1 BI2 .640** .596** .654** .624** .517** .465** .557** .549** .754** 1 BI3 .623** .572** .606** .646** .534** .500** .539** .594** .810** .779** 1 BI4 .669** .636** .640** .674** .578** .493** .558** .618** .705** .675** .697** 1 **p<0.01 (SEM) SEM
(SEM) R饋 ( 饋009) Bagozzi & Yi 1988 0.5 A2 0.496 A3 0.388 B1 0.3饋3 0.5 4-5 A2 A3 B1 0.5 Bollen 1989 C.R. p<0.05 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.50 0.70 4-5
4-11
0.5 0.5
Fornell & Larcker (1981 50
0.6 4-11 R饋 A1 0.759 0.576 0.4饋4 A2 0.704 0.496 0.504 A3 0.6饋3 0.388 0.61饋 0.739 0.487 B1 0.568 0.3饋3 0.677 B2 0.849 0.7饋1 0.饋79 B3 0.740 0.548 0.45饋 0.768 0.530 C1 0.74饋 0.551 0.449 C2 0.816 0.666 0.334 C3 0.730 0.533 0.467 0.807 0.583 PU1 0.867 0.75饋 0.饋48 PU2 0.798 0.637 0.363 PU3 0.796 0.634 0.366 PU4 0.840 0.706 0.饋94 0.895 0.681 PEU4 0.8饋0 0.67饋 0.3饋8 PEU3 0.841 0.707 0.饋93 PEU2 0.860 0.740 0.饋60 PEU1 0.841 0.707 0.饋93 0.906 0.707 BI1 0.876 0.767 0.饋33 BI2 0.834 0.696 0.304 BI3 0.870 0.757 0.饋43 BI4 0.785 0.616 0.384 0.907 0.709
Fornell & Larcker 1981 4-12 4-1饋 0.487 1 0.530 0.350 1 0.583 0.131 0.034 1 0.681 0.饋95 0.173 0.099 1 0.707 0.339 0.449 0.081 0.43饋 1 0.709 0.饋86 0.饋10 0.106 0.635 0.469 1 0.568 0.876 (P<0.5 t 1.96)
( C.R.) t t 1.96 (P<0.5) 4-14 0.05 0.012 0.097 4-13 C.R. P <--- 0.37饋 0.114 3.饋71 .001 <--- 0.687 0.118 5.816 *** <--- 0.104 0.051 饋.0饋饋 .043 <--- 0.3饋5 0.133 饋.453 .014 <--- -0.饋73 0.13饋 -饋.060 .039 <--- 0.116 0.058 1.983 .047 <--- 0.751 0.135 5.57饋 *** <--- 0.553 0.061 9.013 *** <--- 0.饋17 0.057 3.771 *** A1 <--- 1.000 A饋 <--- 0.999 0.1饋3 8.131 *** A3 <--- 0.94饋 0.140 6.741 *** B1 <--- 1.000 B饋 <--- 1.饋86 0.157 8.178 *** B3 <--- 0.79饋 0.113 7.001 *** C1 <--- 1.000 C饋 <--- 0.881 0.095 9.饋67 *** C3 <--- 0.898 0.098 9.176 *** PU1 <--- 1.000 PU饋 <--- 0.899 0.058 15.584 *** PU3 <--- 0.943 0.061 15.573 *** PU4 <--- 0.911 0.054 16.774 *** ***p<0.001 **p<0.01 *p<0.05
4-13 ( ) C.R. P PEU4 <--- 1.000 PEU3 <--- 1.086 0.067 16.饋饋9 *** PEU饋 <--- 1.157 0.070 16.553 *** PEU1 <--- 1.147 0.071 16.159 *** BI1 <--- 1.000 BI饋 <--- 1.03饋 0.060 17.饋16 *** BI3 <--- 1.05饋 0.056 18.876 *** BI4 <--- 1.059 0.069 15.413 *** ***p<0.001 **p<0.01 *p<0.05 4-14 C.R. P 0.饋饋3 0.04饋 5.305 *** 0.380 0.093 4.097 *** 0.541 0.097 5.56饋 *** e饋3 0.131 0.0饋6 5.071 *** e饋4 0.184 0.0饋9 6.3饋6 *** e饋饋 0.07饋 0.01饋 5.899 *** e1 0.164 0.0饋9 5.604 *** e饋 0.饋饋7 0.033 6.9饋5 *** e3 0.313 0.041 7.705 *** e4 0.799 0.087 9.饋10 *** e5 0.饋43 0.059 4.130 *** e6 0.198 0.0饋9 6.751 *** e7 0.443 0.063 7.009 *** e8 0.饋1饋 0.041 5.1饋1 *** e9 0.383 0.053 7.饋49 *** e10 0.1饋7 0.017 7.301 *** e11 0.177 0.0饋1 8.564 ***
4-14 C.R. P e1饋 0.197 0.0饋3 8.598 *** e13 0.133 0.017 7.901 *** e14 0.169 0.0饋0 8.350 *** e15 0.169 0.0饋1 8.070 *** e16 0.164 0.0饋饋 7.630 *** e17 0.189 0.0饋3 8.070 *** e18 0.078 0.011 7.419 *** e19 0.1饋1 0.015 8.饋97 *** e饋0 0.09饋 0.01饋 7.5饋8 *** e饋1 0.181 0.0饋1 8.798 *** ***p<0.001 4-15 0.5 0.95 0.568 0.876 0.01饋 0.097 P<0.5 t 1.96 0.5 A饋 A3 B1 0.5 0.5 0.5 A 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.739 0.907
χ2/
d.f. RMSEA GFI
AGFI NFI CFI
χ2/ d.f. 饋 饋 1 1~3 5 4-10 (417.755) (180) 2.321 (RMSEA) RMSEA 0.08~0.10 0.05~0.08 0.05 4-10 RMSEA 0.079 GFI AGFI GFI 0 1 1 GFI 0.90 0.80 0.90
0.9 4-10 GFI AGFI
0.852 0.810
NFI CFI）
NFI
CFI NFI
CFI NFI CFI 0.9
0.8 0.9 4-16 NFI CFI 0.872 0.922 4-16 3 2.321 RMSEA 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.079 GFI 0.9( 0.8~0.9 ) 0.852 AGFI 0.9( 0.8~0.9 ) 0.810 NFI 0.9( 0.8~0.9 ) 0.872 CFI 0.9 0.922
SEM
wiimote 4-1 4-1 211 4-17 p<0.01 p<0.001 p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.001 p<0.05 p<0.001 p<0.001
4-17 C.R. P <--- 0.372 0.114 3.271 0.001 0.298** <--- 0.687 0.118 5.816 *** 0.719*** <--- 0.104 0.051 2.022 0.043 0.130* <--- 0.325 0.133 2.453 0.014 0.249* <--- -0.273 0.132 -2.060 0.039 -0.272* <--- 0.116 0.058 1.983 0.047 0.138* <--- 0.751 0.135 5.572 *** 0.716*** <--- 0.553 0.061 9.013 *** 0.673*** <--- 0.217 0.057 3.771 *** 0.251*** ***p<0.001 **p<0.01 *p<0.05 4-饋 4-17 0.251*** 0.719*** -0.272* 0.249* 0.298** 0.138* 0.130* 0.716*** 0.673*** 4-2
0.298 0.719 0.130 0.249 -0.272 0.138 0.716 0.673 0.251 4-18 0.298 0.298 0.719 0.719 0.130 0.130 4-19 0.249 0.213 0.462 -0.272 0.514 0.242 0.130 0.093 0.223 4-20 0.387 0.387 0.343 0.343 0.189 0.189 0.673 0.673 0.251 0.482 0.733 4-20
4-17 4-2 H1a wiimote 4-2 0.249 p<0.05 wiimote H1a H1b wiimote 4-2 -0.272 p<0.05 wiimote wiimote H1b H1c wiimote 4-2 0.138 p<0.05 wiimote H1c H2a wiimote 4-2 0.298 p<0.01 wiimote H2a H2b wiimote 4-2 0.719 p<0.001 wiimote H2b H2c wiimote
4-2 0.130 p<0.05 wiimote H2c H3 wiimote 4-2 (0.716) p<0.001 wiimote H3 H4a wiimote 4-2 (0.673) p<0.001 wiimote H4a H4b wiimote 4-2 (0.251) p<0.001 wiimote H4b
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wkeIWB Beta0.6
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