以產物保險制度降低企業經營風險、減少產業災害發生之研究

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(1)國立交通大學工學院產業安全暨防災專班碩士論文. 以產物保險制度降低企業經營風險、減少產業災害發生之研究 Reducing the Operation Risks and Industrial Accidents- from the Aspect of Utilizing the Mechanism of Property Insurance. 研究生：曾金虎指導教授：陳建忠博士、陳俊勳教授. 中華民國九十四年一月.

(2) 以產物保險制度降低企業經營風險、減少產業災害發生之研究 Reducing the Operation Risks and Industrial Accidents- from the Aspect of Utilizing the Mechanism of Property Insurance .. 研究生：曾金虎. Student：Chin-Hu Tseng. 指導教授：陳建忠、陳俊勳. Advisot：Dr. Chiun-Hsun Chen Dr. Chien-Jung Chen. 國立交通大學產業安全與防災碩士在職專班碩士論文. A Thesis Submitted to Institute of Industrial Safety and Risk Management College of Engineering National Chiao Tung University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Program of Industrial Safety and Risk Management Janu 2005 Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China. 中華民國九十四年一月.

(3) 以產物保險制度降低企業經營風險、減少產業災害發生之研究. 研究生：曾金虎. 指導教授：陳建忠博士、陳俊勳教授. 國立交通大學產業安全防災研究所碩士班. 中文摘要工商企業的活動，主要在追求利潤的最大化，因此降低各項成本的支出及減少災害發生所致的損失，均是管理階層所重視的課題。企業營運所面臨的各種風險中，其財務方面的風險管理可透過產物保險的機制獲得適當的轉移與保障。但如何透過產物保險的機制來降低企業營運的風險及成本(保險費)的支出，甚至是否可以透過產物保險公司之損害防阻服務，來減少災害的發生、及損失的幅度，為本論文研究的課題。本論文的研究方法，首先提出目前產物保險公司對企業所進行之風險評估方式及其項目，其次說明進行損害防阻服務後所提出之改善建議事項。以三種不同產業類別來進行案例分析。之後以數個案例分析改善前與改善後風險評級的差異。由其差異性可明顯發現，經產物保險公司進行損害防阻服務及落實改善建議後，其風險等級確實獲得改善。最後以問卷調查方式對企業界進行相關議題的了解，及驗證該損害防阻服務確實受到企業界的重視與獲得應有的成效。經問卷調查結果發現，對中小型企業(投保金額較少者，且大多屬傳統產業) 而言，或許因成本考量，並無設置專責之風險管理部門，大多僅有工安部門甚至僅有廠務部門，且並無專責之風險管理人員。此時產物保險公司之損害防阻服務，對該公司而言，既可節省成本(因該服務屬免費性質)，對工廠的安全又有實質的幫助，普遍而言均十分認同產物保險公司之損害防阻機制。而對較大型企業(投保金額較多者，以高科技產業佔多數)而言，因往年幾次嚴重災例的經驗，及各保險公司、再保險公司的要求(因影響保費費率)，其公司管理階層近幾年來已逐漸重視風險管理，並紛紛成立專責之風險管理部門及專業人員。面對廠內複雜及多樣的各式風險，對產物保險公司之損害防阻需求更大，已不是符合一般地方性法規及工安標準為滿足，而需要更多、更新的資訊及專業知識(如國外的相關法規及新的風險管理系統等)，甚至認為國外再保險公司之工程師才能滿足他的需求。因此可知道，對於中小型企業或傳統產業，其風險較不複雜及多樣化，國內產物保險公司之損害防阻工程師，或許已有足夠之專業與能力提供應有的損害防阻服務，但對於較大型企業或高科技產業方面之相關國外法規與專業，相信仍是有再加強的空間。 i.

(4) Reducing the Operation Risks and Industrial Accidents- from the Aspect of Utilizing the Mechanism of Property Insurance . Student：Chin-Hu Tseng. Advisot：Dr. Chiun-Hsun. Chen Institute of Industrial Safety and Risk Management National Chiao Tung University. Abstract To maximize the shareholders’ benefits is the main purpose of business activities. Therefore, how to achieve cost-down efficiently and to minimize the losses generated from incidents caused shall be regarded as the most important tasks for all management. Among various corporate operation risks, companies can obtain financially relief by transferring most physical risks to property insurers. However, how to lower the operating risks and costs (including insurance expenses) by purchasing insurance policies to cover physical damages and utilizing the loss prevention services provided by insurers to minimize the probability and intensity of accidents properly are becoming more necessary and technical. In this thesis, it tries to use property insurers’ point of view to discuss the above. First, the work introduces local property insurance market, insurers’ underwriting processes and evaluation methods. After that, it talks about the contents of the loss prevention consulting service provided by local property insurance companies and then uses three different case studies in different industries to demonstrate how the engineers in insurance companies to conduct the loss prevention consulting services. To explore the functions and aftermath of the loss prevention consulting service, this work uses several real examples to show the difference in risk improvement after the insured adopt the engineers’ suggestions to improve their own risks by comparing risk level on insurance companies’ internal risk grading systems before and after the clients adopting insurance companies’ loss prevention consulting services. The results show that loss prevention consulting service provided by insurance companies could bring physical improvements in risk condition to their clients once their clients accept. ii.

(5) their recommendations to make physical changes to improve their safety management issues or facilities. Finally, this thesis conducts a survey to industrial facilities, who have had such services provided by insurance companies.. According to the result of the survey, most small and medium. enterprises do not have risk management departments for the cost reason, but have industrial safety divisions. Generally, such divisions are not professional enough and limited to manpower and equipment. In this situation, the insurance companies’ loss prevention engineering consulting teams seem more professional than their clients. By the survey result, the free loss prevention consulting services provided by insurance companies have won a positive reaction and good reputation from those small and medium companies. However, for the big industrial clients, especially for those in high-tech industry, the loss prevention consulting services provided by insurance company seem not as professional as them. Due to the industrial fire catastrophes occurred in Taiwan that brought huge losses to enterprises in recent years, lots of big companies have poured huge budgets to set up high level risk management departments and hire lots of professionals. The state-of-art loss prevention and control standards and technologies have been brought to Taiwan from those advanced industrial countries. As a consequcnce, few local insurance companies’ loss prevention engineering teams have the abilities to provide big companies the relatively high level consulting services. Therefore, there still be a long road for local insurance companies’ loss prevention engineers to learn even they have been recognized by most small and medium companies.. iii.

(6) 誌. 謝. 在求學的過程中，一路走來的確辛苦。於交大這些日子裡，遠從台北至新竹上課，所投入的時間與精神，到今天終於有所收穫。在這段日子裡，要感謝的人非常多。首先感謝岳父的鼓勵與妻子的支持；妻子處理家中一切事務，照顧三個幼子，讓我無後顧之憂，於學業、工作上可全心投入。也感謝各授課老師的教導及專班學長、同學的協助，使我在這段日子裡，於專業領域方面獲益良多，更有助於日後工作上得以學以致用。同時也感謝公司部門主管張慶進經理的支持，及各同事的幫助，使我能順利完成學業。本論文撰寫經于樹偉博士、林木榮學長，及張慶進經理、姚嘉文同學、鄭維金同學、李谷蘭同學等先進的指正與提供資料；及產險業損防部門、明台產險各營業單位等協助問卷調查。更感謝恩師陳俊勳教授、陳建忠博士悉心指導，方得以完成，謹此敬表謝忱。在交大上課的點點滴滴，有甘有苦，如今畢業在即，心中萬般感觸。感謝交大給予我良好的學習機會，得以完成碩士學程。特別感謝恩師陳俊勳教授、陳建忠博士的照顧與指導。僅以此文獻給我最摯愛的家人文憶、韋翰、曜明、筠宜及愛我、幫助我的每一個人。. 曾金虎謹誌於交大中華民國九十四年一月. iv.

(7) 目. 錄. 中文摘要·············································································································ⅰ Abstract··············································································································ⅱ 誌謝(略) ···········································································································ⅳ 目錄 ····················································································································ⅴ 表目錄 ················································································································ⅸ 圖目錄 ···············································································································ⅹ 第一章緒論·····································································································1 1.1 研究動機與目的···················································································1 1.2 文獻回顧·······························································································2 1.3 研究方法·······························································································5 第二章企業與保險業的風險評估及損害防阻·················································6 2.1 企業經營之風險種類···········································································6 2.2 企業風險理財與保險規劃···································································7 2.2.1 風險管理···················································································7 2.2.2 風險管理工具···········································································8 2.2.3 風險管理趨勢···········································································8 2.2.4 風險管理最終目標···································································8 2.2.5 風險理財工具···········································································9 2.2.6 企業如何購買合適的保險·······················································9 2.3 企業風險一般評估模式·····································································10 2.3.1 分析風險的方法·····································································11 2.3.2 常使用的風險評估方法·························································11 2.4 產物保險產業概況及其作業流程·····················································15 2.4.1 產物保險產業概況·································································15 v.

(8) 2.4.2 產物保險作業流程·································································22 2.5 產物保險公司之服務項目及最大可能損失(MPL)··························28 2.5.1 產物保險公司之服務項目·····················································28 2.5.2 最大可能損失(MPL)································································31 2.6 產物保險公司之損害防阻服務·························································34 2.6.1 工廠安全管理之缺失·····························································34 2.6.2 工廠常見之火災型式·····························································38 2.6.3 損害防阻服務作業流程·························································40 第三章研究工具之介紹·················································································47 3.1 各產物保險公司之風險評估·····························································47 3.2 風險評級(Risk Grading) 說明·······················································47 3.2.1 為何要進行風險評估(Risk Assessment) ·························47 3.2.2 風險評級系統之應用 ···························································48 3.2.3 風險評級系統基本原理 ·······················································50 3.2.4 各風險評級系統之差異 ·······················································51 3.2.4.1 慕尼黑再保(MR)、漢諾威再保(HR)與安聯保險 (AI)風險評級系統的差異 ····································51 3.2.4.2 達信保險經紀人(MARSH)及北美洲保險(ACE)風險評級系統······························································53 3.2.5 建議採用之評級系統-ARC···················································55 3.3 問卷調查·····························································································68 3.3.1 問卷調查過程·········································································68 3.3.2 問卷調查內容·········································································68 3.3.2.1 產物保險公司方面·················································68 3.3.2.2 企業界方面·····························································68 3.4 研究限制·····························································································69 vi.

(9) 第四章結果與討論·························································································70 4.1 案例分析·····························································································70 4.1.1 損害防阻之案例分析·····························································70 4.1.2 風險評級(Risk Grading)之案例分析·································71 4.2 問卷調查結果分析·············································································82 4.2.1 產物保險公司方面·································································82 4.2.2 企業界方面·············································································87 第五章結論與建議···························································································97 5.1 結論······································································································97 5.2 建議·····································································································98 5.2.1 產險公司方面·········································································98 5.2.2 企業界方面·············································································99 5.2.3 主管機關方面·······································································100 參考文獻···········································································································102 附錄一各產物保險公司之查勘報告·····························································105 1-1 富邦產物保險公司···········································································105 1-2 明台產物保險公司···········································································114 1-3 第一產物保險公司···········································································130 1-4 新安產物保險公司···········································································136 1-5 偉固(Willis)保險經紀人公司···························································138 1-6 產物保險公司查勘項目及內容·······················································144 附錄二損害防阻建議書案例·········································································153 2-1 電子業·······························································································153 2-2 化工業·······························································································161 2-3 食品業·······························································································167 附錄三使用性質基準點·················································································170 vii.

(10) 附錄四問卷調查表·························································································182 4-1 產險公司···························································································182 4-2 廠商···································································································184. viii.

(11) 表目錄表 2.1 危險區域各項保險金額········································································31 表 2.2 兩建築物延燒危險性判定····································································31 表 2.3 建築物內部延燒危險性判定································································32 表 2.4 保險標的物之最大可能損失率····························································32 表 2.5 MPL 估算表·····························································································33 表 2.6 損害防阻服務申請表············································································42 表 2.7 損害防阻服務時程管制表····································································44 表 2.8 建議書勘誤表 ····················································································45 表 2.9 防災建議書回函····················································································46 表 3.1 風險評級表····························································································66 表 4.1 IC封裝廠之風險評級表·······································································72 表 4.2 紡織及聚合廠之風險評級表································································73 表 4.3 織帶廠之風險評級表············································································74 表 4.4 IC封裝廠之風險評級表(改善後)·······················································76 表 4.5 紡織及聚合廠之風險評級表(改善後)················································78 表 4.6 織帶廠之風險評級表(改善後)····························································80 表 4-7 產險公司查勘人員人力配置統計表····················································82 表 4-8 產險公司防災人員人力配置統計表····················································82 表 4-9 企業投保金額統計表············································································83 表 4-10 企業承保性質統計表··········································································83 表 4-11 企業產業別統計表··············································································83 表 4-12 企業地區別統計表··············································································84 表 4-13 追蹤覆查機制統計表··········································································85 表 4-14 追蹤覆查形式統計表··········································································85 表 4-15 追蹤覆查週期統計表··········································································85 表 4-16 整合損防工程師意見統計表······························································86 表 4-17 成立損防人員組織意願統計表··························································87 ix.