臺北市教學導師教師領導與專業學習社群關係之研究

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˪㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹⬠↲˫ 2010 ⸜ 12 㚰炻䫔⋩㛇炻枩 55-84

ᇃѕѿఀᏰᏲৱఀৱሴᏲᇄடཾᏰಬޥတġ

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㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊䨞冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌ᷳ䎦㱩冯斄Ὢˤ䞼䨞㍉⓷ ⌟婧㞍㱽炻䞼䨞⮵尉䁢冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ冯⣍Ờ㔁ⷓℙ 274 Ṣ炻䞼䨞ⶍ℟䁢ˬ㔁ⷓ柀 ⮶冯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌婧㞍⓷⌟˭炻屯㕁↮㜸⇯㍉⸛⛯㔠ˣt 侫槿ˣẍ⍲䶂⿏䳸㥳㕡 䦳㧉⺷ˤ䞼䨞䘤䎦烉炷1炸冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⛯℟ᷕᶲ䦳⹎堐䎦烊炷2炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭㔁ⷓ⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䚳㱽㚱栗叿ⶖ䔘烊炷3炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭㔁ⷓ⮵⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䚳㱽䃉栗叿ⶖ䔘烊炷4炸㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀 ⮶㚱㬋⎹栗叿⼙枧ˤ㟡㒂䳸婾炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢䚠斄⺢嬘炻ᾦὃ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⇞⹎ˣ㔁ⷓ柀 ⮶ˣ㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮎⊁㍐≽ˣẍ⍲㛒Ἦ䞼䨞ᷳ⍫侫ˤ 斄挝娆烉㔁⬠⮶ⷓˣ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ˣ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌 ____________________ ġ ġ 点 ᶩᶨ栏烉冢⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹䞼䨞㇨∗㔁㌰点点⻝⽟扛烉冢⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹䞼䨞㇨㔁㌰暣⫸悝ẞ烉tim@tmue.edu.twˣderray@tmue.edu.tw 㓞ẞ㖍㛇烉2010.11.01烊ᾖ㓡㖍㛇烉2010.11.30烊㍍⍿㖍㛇烉2010.12.10

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Journal of Educational Administration and Evaluation December, 2010, Vol. 10, pp. 55-84

The Relationship between Teacher Leadership

of Mentor Teachers and Professional Learning

Community in Taipei City

点

Yi-Ku Ting 点点Derray Chang

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to explore the current situation of teacher leadership of mentor teachers and the professional learning community in Taipei City. The study uses the survey method. There were 274 subjects including mentor teachers and partner teachers in Taipei City. The instrument was “The Teacher Leadership and Professional Learning Community Inventory”. Data was analyzed by means, t test, and Linear Structural Relationship. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1)The degrees of teacher leadership of mentor teachers and professional learning community are at upper middle levels. (2)There are significant differences among teacher variables with regard to teacher leadership of mentor teachers. (3)No significant differences exist among teacher variables with regard to the professional learning community.(4)The professional learning community has positive and significant effects on the teacher leadership of mentor teachers. According to the research findings, this author proposes several suggestions for the implementation of teacher leadership and professional learning community and further studies.

Keywords: mentor teacher, teacher leadership, professional learning community ____________________

ġ ġ 点

Yi-Ku Ting: Associate Professor/Graduate School of Educational Administration & Evaluation, Taipei Municipal University of Education

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Derray Chang: Professor/Graduate School of Educational Administration & Evaluation, Taipei Municipal University of Education

E-mail: tim@tmue.edu.tw; derray@tmue.edu.tw

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൦ȃᆱ፣ġ

攟ᷭẍἮ炻㟉攟悥㗗⬠㟉䘬ᷣ天柀⮶侭炻℞⮵⬠㟉䴻䆇冯䘤⯽䘬⼙枧ᶵ妨⎗╣ˤ 䃞⽆㔁做㓡朑奺⹎Ἦ䚳炻㔁ⷓㇵㅱ㗗㔁㓡䘬ᷣ橼炷Sergiovanni, 1991炸炻ḇㇵ㗗⬠㟉㓡朑䘬斄挝⚈䳈炷Cranston, 2000炸ˤ⚈㬌炻⬠㟉劍天㓡忚炻⇯㇨㚱㔁ⷓ䘮ㅱㆸ䁢柀⮶侭炷Barth炻2001炸炻⎎ Katzenmeyer 冯 Moller炷2001炸Ṏ堐䣢炻䔞⇵㔁做傰䴉㚜暨⮵㔁 ⷓ柀⮶炷teacher leadership炸㚱庫⬴ℐ䘬㓗㊩冯䘤⯽炻栗夳㔁ⷓ柀⮶⮵⬠㟉䘤⯽冯㓡嬲䘬慵天⿏ˤ 冢⊿ⶪ㓧⹄㔁做⯨冒 90 ⬠⸜⹎㑯⭂冢⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠旬姕⮎槿⮷⬠忚埴㔁⬠庼 ⮶㔁ⷓ⇞⹎炷䯉䧙㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⇞⹎炸䫔ᶨ⸜娎彎炻军 97 ⬠⸜⹎䓛婳䌚Ⅾ彎䎮㔁⬠⮶ⷓ ⇞⹎䘬ᷕ⮷⬠⶚忼 79 ㇨ˤ㬌⇞⹎ᷣ天䚖䘬ᷫ㗗ⶴ㛃德忶㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⮵⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ炷⏓⇅ ả㔁ⷓˣ㕘忚㔁ⷓˣ冒栀ㆸ攟㔁ⷓˣ⍲㔁⬠㚱⚘暋㔁ⷓ炸㚱妰䔓ˣ㚱䲣䴙䘬⋼≑ˣ 㓗㊩ˣ⺽⮶冯庼⮶炻啱ẍὫ忚㔁ⷓ⮰㤕䘤⯽冯⎴₽庼⮶炻侴㬌䧖㤪⾝Ụ᷶冯㔁ⷓ柀 ⮶㚱䔘㚚⎴ⶍᷳ⥁ˤ➢㬌炻㛔䞼䨞ᷫ娎⚾㍊䨞冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶炻侴㬌⇯ 䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬䞼䨞≽㨇ˤ 侴晐叿⬠佺✳䳬䷼㤪⾝䘬Έ⮶炻⎎ᶨ䧖䚠斄䘬㤪⾝——ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌 ˭ 炷professional learning community炸Ṏㄊㄊ攳⯽冯ㅱ䓐㕤㔁做ね⠫ᷕ炷Ostmeyer, 2003炸炻媠⤪炻AstutoˣClarkˣReadˣMcGree 冯 Fernandez炷1993炸ˬ⬠佺侭⮰㤕䣦佌˭炷professional community of learners炸䘬奨溆炻⻟婧⛐⮰㤕䣦佌ᷕ炻㔁ⷓ岉临徥㯪 ℙṓˣ忚埴⬠佺ˤ侴㬌㤪⾝冯 Dewey炷1938炸㇨ᷣ⻝䘬奨溆䚠Ụ炻娵䁢䴻槿䘤⯽䘬 ⍇⇯ᷫ㗗ᶨ䧖䣦㚫Ḻ≽忶䦳炻侴⑩岒⇯㢵➢㕤ᾳ橼⼊ㆸ䣦佌⛀橼䘬䦳⹎炻侴ᶼ炻㕤 ⬠佺䣦佌ᷕ炻㔁ⷓ冯⬠䓇⎴㧋悥㗗⬠佺侭炷DuFour, DuFour, & Eaker, 2005; Hord, 2004a炸ˤ⎎䚠斄䞼䨞Ṏ䘤䎦炷Eaker, DuFour, & DuFour, 2002; Philips, 2003; Strahan,

2003炸炻℟⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䈡岒䘬⬠㟉炻⮯㚜傥Ὣ忚㔁ⷓ䘬⢓㯋冯⬠䓇⬠佺ㆸ⯙炻侴冢 ⊿ⶪ㔁⬠庼⮶㔁ⷓ䚖䘬ᷳᶨ䁢ⷞ柀㔁ⷓℙ⎴ㆸ攟炻Ṏ℟㚱㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬㤪⾝冯⮎⊁ˤ⚈㬌炻㍊䨞冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ彎䎮⬠㟉ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌㤪㱩炻Ṏ㗗㛔䞼䨞䘬慵天䞼䨞≽㨇ᷳᶨˤ ℵ侭炻Patterson炷2003炸娵䁢炻⛐䝕妋㔁做㓡朑墯暄⿏冯≽ン䈡岒ᷳ⼴炻㇨㚱㔁做侭㚜ㅱ㑼崟Ὣ忚㓡朑䘬屔ả烊侴⬠㟉天ㆸ䁢⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌炻⇯暨ὅ岜㚱㓰䘬柀⮶炻 ⯌℞㗗㔁ⷓ柀⮶炷Patterson, 2003炸炻⎎⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮎㕥忶䦳炻㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬奺刚⮯㚫㚱㇨廱嬲炷Jackson, 2009炸炻栗夳㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌攻⎗傥㚱斄Ὢ⬀⛐炻侴奨媠⚳ℏ⛐㬌㕡朊ᷳ䚠斄⮎⽝䞼䨞ṵẀ媠敽⤪ˤ⚈㬌炻㍊䨞㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠

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⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶⼙枧䘬⎗傥⚈㝄斄Ὢ㧉⺷炻⇯⍰㗗㛔䞼䨞䘬⎎ᶨ䞼䨞≽㨇ˤ 㸾㬌侴婾炻㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐䝕妋冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷳ㔁⬠柀⮶冯⬠㟉⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䎦㱩炻᷎㍊䨞㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬斄Ὢˤ℟橼侴妨炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⓷ 柴䁢烉炷1炸冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷳ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䉨㱩䁢ỽ烎炷2炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ᷳ㔁ⷓ炻℞⮵ 㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷳ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䚳㱽㗗⏎㚱ⶖ䔘烎炷3炸冢⊿ⶪ⍫冯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⇞⹎⬠㟉ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮰ 㤕⬠佺䣦佌䉨㱩䁢ỽ烎炷4炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ᷳ㔁ⷓ炻℞⮵⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䚳㱽㗗⏎㚱ⶖ 䔘烎炷5炸㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶⼙枧ᷳ⎗傥⚈㝄㧉⺷㗗⏎䌚⼿㓗㊩烎

ຯȃМᝦ௤ଆġ

晾䃞㔁ⷓ柀⮶㵝味朊⣏ˣ⭂佑ᶵ㖻炷Muijs & Harris, 2007炸炻ᶵ忶炻ᶨ凔Ἦ婒炻㔁ⷓ柀⮶㗗㔁ⷓ⋼≑㔁ⷓ炷Pellicer & Anderson, 1995炸䘬㬟䦳炻Ṏ⌛炻㔁ⷓ柀⮶Ὢ⛐ 㖊⭂䘬䳬䷼䚖㧁ㆾ䳬䷼栀㘗ᶳ炻㔁ⷓ柀⮶侭忳䓐⼙枧≃炷哉忚晬炻2007烊Katzenmeyer & Moller, 2001炸炻冯℞Ṿ㔁ⷓℙ⎴⎰ἄ炷岜⽿Ⲙ炻2009烊Leithwood & Jantzi, 2000; Muijs & Harris, 2007; Williams, 2003炸ˣ䚠Ḻ㓗㎜冯⬠佺炷岜⽿Ⲙ炻2009烊Williams, 2003炸ˣ ᶨ崟㓡忚㔁做炷Katzenmeyer & Moller, 2001; Muijs & Harris, 2007炸ˣℙ⎴䁢㍸⋯⬠ 䓇⬠佺冯ㆸ㓰屈屔炷岜⽿Ⲙ炻2009烊Donaldson, 2001; Muijs & Harris, 2007炸ˤ

Katzenmeyer 冯 Moller炷2001炸⮯㔁ⷓ柀⮶↮䁢ᶫᾳ⎹⹎炻䴻侫槿䘤䎦℟㚱檀⹎ ℏ悐ᶨ农⿏炻℞⼴ Dickerson炷2003炸ḇẍ㬌忚埴⮎⽝⿏䞼䨞炻栗䣢㷈䫱婾溆䘬⎗埴⿏ˤ⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞ᷫ㍉ Katzenmeyer 冯 Moller 㔁ⷓ柀⮶ᶫ⎹⹎奨溆烉(1)䘤⯽㊯⺽烉⋼ ≑㔁ⷓ⏠㓞㕘䞍嬀ˣ㈨傥炻ᶼ溻⊝⸓≑℞Ṿ㔁ⷓ⬠佺炻ẍ⍲㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ㇨暨䘬⸓≑ˣ ㊯⺽⍲妻䶜烊(2)偗⭂娵⎴烉娵⎴ᶼ堐⼘㔁ⷓ㇨㑼ảᷳ奺刚⍲℞届䌣炻ᶼ㔁ⷓ⼤㬌Ḻ 䚠⮲慵␴斄㆟烊(3)⮰㤕冒ᷣ烉溻⊝㔁ⷓᷣ≽㓡┬⍲∝㕘ˣ䦣昌晄䣁᷎⮳㈦屯㸸Ἦ㓗㊩㔁ⷓ䘬≒≃烊(4)⎴₂⋼ἄ烉冯㔁ⷓ⛐㔁⬠⍲␴⬠䓇䚠斄䘬ḳ⊁ᶲḺ䚠⎰ἄ烊(5)ℙ ⎴⍫冯烉㔁ⷓᷣ≽⍫冯㰢䫾⇞妪炻␴㍸ὃ⮵慵天ḳẞᷳ⺢嬘烊(6)攳㓦㹅忂烉㔁ⷓ䴻䓙攳㓦ˣ婈㐗䘬⽫炻㍸ὃ␴㍍⍿冯⬠㟉㚱㓰忳ἄᷳ䚠斄妲〗烊ᶼ䔞ḳね↢拗㗪炻㔁 ⷓḇᶵ㚫塓屔⁁烊(7)㚱⇑䑘⠫烉㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ㺧シ䘬ⶍἄ䑘⠫炻ἧ℞デ⍿⇘⛐㬌䑘⠫傥 ⍿⇘⎴₽ˣ⬠䓇ˣ⭞攟ˣ⍲埴㓧䘬⮲慵ˤ 㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌Ὢ㊯ẍ㔁ⷓ䁢ᷣ䘬䣦佌炻⛐㬌䣦佌ᷕ炻㔁ⷓᾹᶵỮ℟㚱ℙṓ 䘬₡ῤ炷㜿䐆㖴炻2006烊㜿⿅Ởˣ哉忚晬烊2005烊Kruse & Louis, 1993炸ˣℙ⎴䚖㧁ˣ 栀㘗炷㜿≕ṩ炻2006烊㜿⿅Ởˣ哉忚晬烊2005烊DuFour & Eaker, 1998; Hord, 2004a,

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2004b炸炻ḇ傥德忶ℙ⎴⮰㤕⮵娙↮ṓ炷㜿䐆㖴炻2006烊㜿⿅Ởˣ哉忚晬炻2005炸ˣ⎰ ἄ⬠佺炷㜿≕ṩ炻2006烊DuFour & Eaker, 1998; Hord, 2004a, 2004b; Kruse & Louis, 1993炸炻᷎德忶㓗㊩冯ℙṓ柀⮶炷㜿≕ṩ炻2006烊DuFour & Eaker, 1998; Hargreaves, 2003; Hord, 2004a炸炻㓗㊩ね⠫炷Hord, 2004b; Kruse, Louis, & Bryk, 1994炸炻⮎䎦䣦佌䘬䚖㧁冯栀㘗炻ẍὫ忚㔁ⷓᾹᶵ㕟⛘⬠佺冯ㆸ攟炷㜿≕ṩ炻2006烊DuFour & Eaker, 1998炸ˤ ⛐㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬ℏ㵝ᶲ炻Kruse 䫱Ṣ炷1994炸娵䁢ㅱ⊭㊔烉ℙṓ₡ῤˣ⍵ 䚩⿏⮵娙ˣℙṓ⮎⊁ˣ斄㲐⬠䓇⬠佺ˣ⎰ἄḼ䧖ˬ㟠⽫˭天䳈烊侴 Hord炷1997炸⇯ 䈡⇍㊯↢ˬ㓗㊩⿏ね⠫˭⚈䳈炻⻟婧ˬṢ晃ね⠫˭冯ˬ䈑䎮ね⠫˭䘬慵天⿏炻侴㬌䧖奨溆〘冯 Kruse 䫱Ṣ䘬䚳㱽栆Ụ炻⚈㬌炻㛔䞼䨞ᷫ⮯⮯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌ℏ⭡⋨ ↮䁢烉ˬ㟠⽫天䳈˭ˣˬṢ晃屯㸸˭冯ˬ䳸㥳ね⠫˭ᶱᾳⰌ朊ˤ⛐㟠⽫天䳈ᶲ炻⊭ ㊔烉ℙṓ₡ῤˣ⍵䚩⿏⮵娙ˣℙṓ⮎⊁ˣ斄㲐⬠䓇⬠佺ˣ⎰ἄ烊⛐Ṣ晃屯㸸ᶲ炻⊭ ㊔烉㓗㊩䘬柀⮶ˣᾉả␴⮲慵ˣ娵䞍冯㈨傥䘬➢䢶ˣ攳㓦㓡忚䘬䭉忻ˣ䣦㚫⊾烊⛐ 䳸㥳ね⠫ᶲ炻⇯⊭㊔烉㚫嬘␴妶婾䘬㗪攻ˣ幓橼䘬㍍役ˣḺ䚠ὅ岜䘬㔁⬠奺刚ˣ㌰㪲㔁ⷓ冯⬠㟉冒ᷣˣ㹅忂䘬䳸㥳ˤ 㚱斄㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䚠斄⮎⽝䞼䨞炻䚠斄䞼䨞䘤䎦㔁ⷓ⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䞍奢Ⱄᷕᶲ䦳 ⹎炷悕様⯽炻2007炸炻㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⬠㟉㔯⊾攻℟䚠斄⿏炷Xie, 2008炸ˣ㔁ⷓ柀⮶⎗ ẍ㓡嬲⬠㟉㔯⊾炷Leogrande, 1995; Wynne, 2004炸ˣὫ忚⬠㟉㓰傥炷Hook, 2006炸ˣ ㍸檀ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎炷Johnson, 2007炸ˣ㍸⋯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕炷Johnson, 2007; Leogrande, 1995炸ˣ 㓡忚㔁ⷓ㔁⬠炷Leogrande, 1995炸ˣ㍸檀⬠䓇⬠佺ㆸ㓰炷Johnson, 2007; Leogrande, 1995炸ˤ㬌⢾炻ᶵ⎴⿏⇍炷䓟⿏檀㕤⤛⿏炸ˣ借⊁炷ᷣả檀㕤䳬攟ˣ⮶ⷓ冯䥹ả炸ˣ ⬠㟉夷㧉炷12 䎕ẍᶳ檀㕤 37~72 䎕炸炷悕様⯽炻2007炸ˣ⬠㬟炷䡑⢓檀㕤䡑⢓ẍᶳ炸炷Whelan, 2002炸炻℞㔁ⷓ柀⮶㗗㚱ⶖ䔘䘬ˤ䃞Ṏ㚱䞼䨞䘤䎦䃉栗叿ⶖ䔘炻⤪㔁ⷓ柀 ⮶冯⬠㟉堐䎦炷Estes, 2009炸ˣ㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⬠䓇教嬨㓰㝄炷Phillips, 2009炸烊ᶵ⎴⿏ ⇍炷Whelan, 2002; Wynne, 2004炸ˣ⸜漉炷悕様⯽炻2007烊Whelan, 2002; Wynne, 2004炸ˣ ⬠㬟炷悕様⯽炻2007烊Wynne, 2004炸ˣ㚵⊁⸜屯ˣ⬠㟉㬟⎚炷悕様⯽炻2007炸炻℞ 㔁ⷓ柀⮶⼿↮㗗㰺㚱ⶖ䔘䘬ˤ

⛐㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬䚠斄⮎⽝䞼䨞ᶲ炻䞼䨞䘤䎦⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠佺䣦佌䘤⯽䉨㱩列⤥炻℞⛐ˬ↮ṓ㰢䫾˭冯ˬ↮ṓ⮎⊁˭ᶲ堐䎦庫㖶栗炷ỽ㔯䲼炻2006炸炻军㕤℞ 㓰㝄⇯㚱烉⮵⬠㟉䘤⯽㚱㬋朊⼙枧炷Fusco, 2001炸ˣ傥Ὣ忚㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺冯䘤⯽炷Cheng, 2004; Willson, 2006炸ˣ㍸檀㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㈨ⶏ炷Bunker, 2008; Waters, 2009炸ˣὫ忚Ṣ晃㹅忂冯⎰ἄ炷昛晭㘢炻1997炸ˣ㍸⋯⬠䓇⬠佺ㆸ㓰炷Bunker, 2008; Croasmun, 2007; Waters, 2009炸ˤ㬌⢾炻ỽ㔯䲼炷2006炸䘤䎦炻⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠佺䣦佌䘬⼊ㆸ炻㚫⚈⬠㟉

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夷㧉炷12 䎕ẍᶳˣ13~24 䎕ˣ25~48 䎕檀㕤 49 䎕ẍᶲ炸ˣ⬠㟉⛘⋨炷⼿↮檀Ỷ枮⸷ ↮⇍䁢ῷ怈⛘⋨ˣ悥㚫⛘⋨ˣ悱捖⛘⋨炸ˣ⬠㟉㬟⎚炷⼿↮檀Ỷ枮⸷↮⇍䁢 6~10 ⸜ˣ 11~20 ⸜ˣ21~30 ⸜ˣ30 ⸜ẍᶲ炸侴㚱㇨ⶖ䔘ˤ䃞Ṏ㚱䞼䨞䘤䎦冯⬠䓇⬠㟉ᷳ攻斄Ὢ ᷎ᶵ㖶栗炷Johnson-Estes, 2009炸炻⎎⻝㵹䎈炷2008炸Ṏ䘤䎦炻ᶵ⎴⿏⇍ˣ借⊁ˣ㚵 ⊁昶㭝ˣ㔁做側㘗ˣ柀➇⇍ˣ⍫冯≽㨇ˣ⸜漉ˣ庼⮶⛀⸜屯䫱炻℞⮵⬠佺䣦佌䞍奢 ᷎䃉栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ 悕様⯽炷2007炸㬠䲵䚠斄䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⎗䁢㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䎮婾➢䢶炻军㕤炻⛐㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌攻斄Ὢ䘬䞼䨞⇯㚱烉⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮎㕥忶䦳炻㔁 ⷓ柀⮶䘬奺刚㚫嬲⼿㚜䧵㤝炻ᶼ㚜㈽ℍ㕤⬠㟉䘬㓡朑炷Jackson, 2009炸炻⬠㟉⛐Έ⮶ ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⼴炻㟉攟㚜栀シ冯㔁ⷓ柀⮶侭↮ṓ㪲≃ˣ㔁ⷓ冯㔁ⷓ柀⮶侭Ṏ㚜栀シ ℐ⽫㈽ℍ⬠㟉㓡忚炷Jackson, 2009炸烊⛐⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌忳ἄ忶䦳ᷕ炻ὧ㚫冒䃞䓊䓇㓗㊩㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䈡岒炷McCabe, 2007炸烊䴻䓙⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬忳ἄ傥⺢䩳㔁ⷓ⎰ἄ㔯 ⊾冯Ὣ忚㔁ⷓㆸ䁢㔁ⷓ柀⮶侭炻忚侴㍸⋯㔁ⷓ㔁⬠䫾䔍炻ẍ⍲⚆ㅱ⬠䓇⬠佺暨㯪炷Rasberry & Mahajan, 2008炸炻侴㬌䫱䳸㝄Ụ嵛ẍ栗䣢㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬⮎㕥⎗ 傥⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬忳ἄ⎗㚱⚈㝄斄Ὢᷳ⼙枧ˤ 䵄ᶲ侴婾炻㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬⮎㕥⎗傥㚱℞㓰䙲炻侴ᶼ㔁ⷓᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ḇ㚱⬀⛐悐ấ䘬ⶖ䔘ˤᶵ忶炻ᶲ徘䞼䨞悥㗗憅⮵ᶨ凔㔁ⷓ佌忚埴婧㞍炻᷎㛒㚦 ẍ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻㇨ẍ㛔䞼䨞ᷫẍ⼴侭䁢䞼䨞䁢⮵尉炻⎎⚈㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞㭵佌䁢冢⊿ⶪᷕ⮷⬠彎䎮㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䘬⬠㟉炻⚈㬌炻⛐側㘗嬲枭⇯⁭ẍ⍫冯㔁㔁⬠⮶ⷓ ⇞⹎䘬㔁ⷓ栆⇍炷㔁⬠⮶ⷓ冯⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ炸ˣẍ⍲⬠㟉栆⇍炷⚳⮷冯⚳檀ᷕ炸忚埴㍊䨞炻 ᷎忚ᶨ㬍槿嫱⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶⼙枧䘬⚈㝄㧉⺷ˤ

୤ȃंـПݲġ

Ιȃंـ࢜ᄺġ

㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞㝞㥳⤪⚾ 1炻⽆℞ᷕ⎗䞍炻㛔䞼䨞⍿娎侭ᷳ嬲枭⊭㊔㔁ⷓ栆⇍冯⬠ 㟉栆⇍ˤ⎎㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天㍊䨞㔁ⷓ柀⮶ˣ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌ᷳ䎦㱩烊ḇ↮㜸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭 ⍿娎侭炻℞⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶ˣ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䫱䚳㱽䘬ⶖ䔘烊⎎Ṏ槿嫱㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠ 佺䣦佌攻ᷳ⚈㝄斄Ὢ㧉⺷ˤ

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㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌 1. 㟠⽫天䳈 2. Ṣ晃屯㸸 3. 䳸㥳ね㱩㔁ⷓ側㘗嬲枭 1. 㔁ⷓ栆⇍ 2. ⬠㟉栆⇍ 㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ 1. 䘤⯽㊯⺽ 2. 偗⭂娵⎴ 3. ⮰㤕冒ᷣ 4. ⎴₽⋼≑ 5. ℙ⎴⍫冯 6. 攳㓦㹅忂 7. 㚱⇑䑘⠫ ⚾ 1 䞼䨞㝞㥳⚾

Πȃंـᄇຫġ

㛔䞼䨞ẍ 97 ⬠⸜⹎⍫冯冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ彎䎮⬠㟉炷ℙ 79 ㇨⬠㟉炸䘬㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 冯⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ䁢⍾㧋䭬⚵炻䃞⼴晐㨇㉥⍾ 38 ㇨炷䲬ᶨ⋲⬠㟉炸䁢㕥㷔⬠㟉炻᷎ẍ㇨㉥ ⍾⬠㟉ᷕ 97 ⬠⸜⹎⮎晃⍫冯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⇞⹎䘬ℐ橼㔁⬠⮶ⷓ冯⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ䁢⍿㷔⮵尉ˤ ⛐⓷⌟枸娎⮵尉ᶲ炻ᷫ⽆⍿娎⬠㟉晐㨇㉥⍾⚳⮷ 5 ㇨ˣ⚳ᷕ 3 ㇨炻ℙ 116 ⎵㔁 ⷓ忚埴⓷⌟枸娎ˤ军㕤㬋⺷⓷⌟ᷳ㕥㷔⮵尉⇯䁢⎎⢾ 30 ㇨⬠㟉ᷳ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ冯⣍Ờ㔁 ⷓ炻Ṏ⌛㬋⺷㕥㷔㗪炻ℙ䘤↢⓷⌟ 351 ấ炷㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 170 ấˣ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 181 ấ炸炻⓷ ⌟⚆㓞 313 ấ炷㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 160 ấˣ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 153 ấ炸炻⚆㓞䌯 89.17%烊℞ᷕ炻㔁⬠⮶ ⷓ㚱㓰⓷⌟ 145 ấˣ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 ấ炻⎗䓐⓷⌟㭼䌯䁢 78.06%ˤ

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έȃंـώڎġ

炷ᶨ炸⓷⌟䶐墥㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟䁢ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⓷⌟˭炻℞ᷕ炻ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭↮慷堐ᷣ 天㗗⍫侫 Katzemeyer 冯 Moller炷2001炸⓷⌟炻ẍ⍲㔁ⷓ柀⮶䚠斄㔯䌣䶐ᾖ侴Ἦ烊侴 ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭↮慷堐㗗⍫侫 Kruse 䫱Ṣ炷1994炸炻ẍ⍲⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䚠斄㔯䌣ᾖ 妪侴⼿ˤ 炷Ḵ炸⓷⌟ℏ⭡冯㝞㥳㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟ℏ⭡⊭㊔ˬ➢㛔屯㕁˭ˣˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭冯ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭䫱ᶱ⣏悐 ấˤ℞ᷕ炻➢㛔屯㕁⊭⏓烉㔁ⷓ栆⇍炷㔁⬠⮶ⷓ冯⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ炸ˣẍ⍲⬠㟉栆⇍炷⚳⮷ˣ ⚳檀ᷕ炸ˤ ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭↮慷堐⊭㊔ᶫ⣏⎹⹎烉䘤⯽㊯⺽ˣ偗⭂娵⎴ˣ⮰㤕冒ᷣˣ⎴₽⋼ ≑ˣℙ⎴⍫冯ˣ攳㓦㹅忂ˣ㚱⇑䑘⠫炻ℙ妰 35 柴炻ᷣ天⛐䝕妋㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬ね㱩烊ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭↮慷堐⊭㊔ᶱ⣏⎹⹎烉㟠⽫天䳈ˣṢ晃屯㸸ˣ䳸㥳ね㱩炻ℙ 妰 16 柴炻ᷣ天悥㗗㚱斄⬠㟉⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌㤪㱩䘬埴䁢㍷徘ˤ 炷ᶱ炸⠓䫼冯妰↮ ⓷⌟㍉ Likert ℕ溆慷堐㟤⺷炻婳⍿娎侭⯙㭷柴⎛㕡㇨↿ᷳ䫼㟰烉⽆ˬ朆ⷠᶵ䫎 ⎰˭军ˬ朆ⷠ䫎⎰˭ℕᾳ怠枭炻⊦怠㚨怑⎰ᾳṢ䞍奢ね㱩䘬悐ấ炻侴ᶼ㭷柴䘮䁢╖ 怠柴ˤ ⓷⌟䘬妰↮㕡朊炻⇯㗗憅⮵ˬ朆ⷠ䫎⎰˭军ˬ朆ⷠᶵ䫎⎰˭ℕᾳ怠枭炻↮⇍ẍ 6 ↮ˣ5 ↮ˣ4 ↮ˣ3 ↮ˣ2 ↮冯 1 ↮妰䬿炻↮㔠グ檀侭堐䣢㔁ⷓ柀⮶炷ㆾ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌炸ᷳ䫎⎰䦳⹎グ檀炻⍵ᷳ⇯グỶˤ 炷⚃炸揹⇍⹎冯ᾉ㓰⹎ 㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟⇅䧧⬴ㆸ⼴炻晐⌛↥婳ḅỵ㕤㔁⬠庼⮶䚠斄柀➇ᷳ⬠侭⮰⭞炻⋼≑ ⮑㟠⓷⌟ℏ⭡ˣ㝞㥳冯柴シ䘬怑䔞⿏炻᷎㕤⓷⌟ᾖ㬋⼴炻忚埴⓷⌟枸娎炻啱ẍ⺢䩳 ⓷⌟ᷳ揹⇍⹎冯ᾉ㓰⹎ˤ 1. 揹⇍⹎↮㜸

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㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟㍉冐䓴㭼忚埴揹⇍⹎↮㜸炻䴻↮㜸䘤䎦炻ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭↮慷堐⎬柴ᷳ 冐䓴㭼ṳ㕤 4.86~13.52烊侴ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭↮慷堐⎬柴ᷳ冐䓴㭼ṳ㕤 7.64~16.67炻㭷柴⛯崭忶 3.5 䘬㧁㸾炻ᶼ悥忼䴙妰ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘炻栗䣢㛔⓷⌟ᷳ⎬柴䚖⛯℟㚱列⤥䘬揹⇍⹎ˤ 2. 㓰⹎↮㜸㛔䞼䨞ẍᷣ庠㱽厫⍾䈡⽝ῤ⣏㕤 1 䘬⚈䳈炻䴻↮㜸䘤䎦炻℞䈡⽝ῤṳ㕤 3.61-4.64炻ᶼˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭䫔ᶨᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬ䘤⯽㊯⺽˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.56~.79烊䫔Ḵ ⚈䳈䁢ˬ偗⭂娵⎴˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.56~.78烊䫔ᶱ⚈䳈䁢ˬ⮰㤕冒ᷣ˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.52~.75烊䫔⚃ᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬ⎴₽⋼≑˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.50~.68烊䫔Ḽᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬℙ⎴ ⍫冯˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.55~.80烊䫔Ḽᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬ攳㓦㹅忂˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.57~.67烊䫔ℕᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬ㚱⇑䑘⠫˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.50~.83炻慷堐䷥妋慳嬲䔘慷䁢 81.09%炻栗䣢℟㚱ᶵ拗䘬⺢㥳㓰⹎ˤ ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭ᷳ䈡⽝ῤṳ㕤 2.99-4.97炻↮慷堐䫔ᶨᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬ㟠⽫天䳈˭炻 ⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.61~.84烊䫔Ḵᾳ⚈䳈䁢ˬṢ晃屯㸸˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.59~.79烊䫔ᶱᾳ⚈ 䳈䁢ˬ䳸㥳ね⠫˭炻⚈䳈屈匟慷⽆.55~.91炻慷堐䷥妋慳嬲䔘慷忼 80.20%炻栗䣢Ṏ℟ 㚱ᶵ拗䘬⺢㥳㓰⹎ˤ 3. ᾉ⹎↮㜸㛔䞼䨞ẍ Cronbach Ὢ㔠侫槿⓷⌟䘬ℏ悐ᶨ农⿏炻䴻↮㜸䘤䎦炻ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭↮ 慷堐ᶫᾳ⎹⹎ᷳ Ὢ㔠烉䘤⯽㊯⺽䁢.97炻偗⭂娵⎴䁢.93炻⮰㤕冒ᷣ䁢.95炻⎴₽⋼≑ 䁢.91炻ℙ⎴⍫冯䁢.95炻攳㓦㹅忂䁢.94炻㚱⇑䑘⠫䁢.95炻䷥慷堐⇯䁢.98ˤ军㕤ˬ⮰ 㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭↮慷堐ᷳ Ὢ㔠⇯㗗烉㟠⽫天䳈䁢.93炻Ṣ晃屯㸸䁢.92炻䳸㥳ね⠫䁢.89炻 ䷥慷堐⇯䁢.97ˤ栗䣢㛔䞼䨞ℑấ↮慷堐䘬ᾉ⹎悥枿Ἓˤ

Ѳȃᄂࢊแוġ

㛔䞼䨞㕤 98 ⸜ 4 㚰㕤⓷⌟⇅䧧䶐⭂⼴炻ᷫ怨婳ḅỵ⮰⭞⬠侭忚埴⮑柴炻℞⼴㉥ ⍾ 116 ỵ㔁ⷓ忚埴枸娎炻ẍ㍸ὃ㬋⺷⓷⌟ᾖ妪ᷳ⍫侫ˤ᷎㕤 98 ⸜ 6 㚰⇅ℵ㉥⍾ 30 ㇨⬠㟉忚埴㬋⺷⓷⌟㕥㷔炻ᶼ㕤ℑ忙⼴忚埴⓷⌟⁔㓞ˤ98 ⸜ 6 㚰⸽㕤⓷⌟⁔㓞㓞⼴炻 ⃰忚埴⓷⌟㩊夾炻᷎⇒昌ᶵ怑䓐ᷳ⓷⌟炻℞⼴ℵ忚埴⓷⌟屯㕁ᷳ↮㜸炻᷎ẍ SPSS 12.0 冯 Amos 7.0 忚埴䚠斄䴙妰↮㜸ˤ

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Ϥȃၥਟ೎౩ᇄϷݙġ

屯㕁嗽䎮冯↮㜸ᶲ炻⮯㛔䞼䨞ᷳ⓷⌟⚆㓞⼴炻忚埴ᶳ徘ᷳ屯㕁↮㜸烉炷1炸ẍ⸛ ⛯㔠ˣ㧁㸾ⶖ↮㜸㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䎦㱩烊炷2炸ẍ t 侫槿Ἦ↮㜸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭 ᷳ㔁ⷓ炻℞⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶ˣ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䚳㱽ᷳⶖ䔘烊炷3炸ẍ Amos 䶂⿏䳸㥳㕡䦳槿嫱⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶⼙枧䘬⚈㝄斄Ὢ㧉⺷ˤ

ဓȃंـ๖ݎᇄଆ፣ġ

ΙȃఀᏰᏲৱϞఀৱሴᏲ౪ݷϷݙġ

堐 1 䁢㔜橼⍿娎侭⛐ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭↮慷堐ᷳ⸛⛯㔠冯㧁㸾ⶖᷳ↮㜸炻䓙堐ᷕ⎗ 䞍炻㔁⬠柀⮶ᶫ⎹⹎ᷳ⸛⛯㔠ṳ㕤 4.63~5.31 ᷳ攻炻℞ᷕˬ䘤⯽㊯⺽˭ˣˬ偗⭂娵⎴˭ˣ ˬ⮰㤕冒ᷣ˭ˣˬ⎴₽⋼≑˭⚃⎹⹎ᷳ⸛⛯㔠䘮檀㕤 5烊侴ˬℙ⎴⍫冯˭ˣˬ攳㓦㹅忂˭ẍ⍲ˬ㚱⇑䑘⠫˭ᷳ⸛⛯㔠⇯ṳ㕤 4.6~5 ᷳ攻ˤ 堐 1 㔁⬠⮶ⷓˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭ᷳ⸛⛯㔠冯㧁㸾ⶖᷳ䴙妰↮㜸堐 ⎹⹎ ᾳ㔠 ⸛⛯㔠㧁㸾ⶖ 䘤⯽㊯⺽ 273 5.31 .74 1.⋼≑㕘忚㔁ⷓㆸ攟冯⬠佺 274 5.36 .87 2.㚫㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ⎴₽㇨暨䘬⸓≑冯㊯⺽ 274 5.36 .76 3.㚫㓗㊩⎴ḳḺ䚠↮ṓ㕘奨⾝ 273 5.37 .79 4.㚫溻⊝㔁ⷓ⎴₽䚠Ḻ⬠佺 273 5.36 .76 5.慵夾㔁ⷓ䘬⮰㤕䘤⯽冯⮰㤕⎰ἄ 273 5.22 .82 6.㚫溻⊝㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ䘤㎖㇨攟 273 5.27 .80 偗⭂娵⎴ 273 5.30 .71 1.偗⭂㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ䘬㔁⬠㈨ⶏ冯傥≃ 274 5.27 .77 2.慵夾⍲⮲慵㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ䘬シ夳 274 5.35 .73 3.㚫℔攳孂岆堐䎦列⤥䘬㔁ⷓ 274 5.35 .78 4.冯埴㓧Ṣ⒉ㆾ⭞攟⮵婯㗪炻㚫䧙孂㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ䘬堐 273 5.27 .82 炷临ᶳ堐炸

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堐 1炷临炸 ⮰㤕冒ᷣ 273 5.18 .72 1.㓗㊩㔁ⷓ⎴₽冒ᷣ婧惵㔁⬠㗪攻⍲ἧ䓐㔁⬠屯㸸 272 5.18 .80 2.溻⊝㔁ⷓ⎴₽㍐⯽∝㕘㔁⬠ 273 5.19 .83 3.溻⊝⎴ḳᷣ≽㓡┬㔁⬠Ἦ㍸⋯⬠䓇⬠佺ㆸ㓰 272 5.24 .79 4.㽨⊝⎴ḳ㔁⬠冒ᷣ炻ᶵ⍿⢾⛐⚈䳈⸚㒦 272 5.07 .84 5.⮲慵㔁ⷓ⎴₽㔁⬠姽慷䘬⮰㤕冒ᷣ 273 5.27 .76 ⎴₽⋼≑ 273 5.03 .79 1.傥䴻ⷠ冯⎴₽⮵娙炻ℙ⎴䞼妶㔁⬠䫾䔍 274 5.15 .89 2.㚫冯㔁ⷓḺ䚠⼙枧⼤㬌䘬㔁⬠㕡⺷ 274 4.97 .95 3.㚫冯㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ⎰ἄ妋㰢⼤㬌䎕䳂䴻䆇⓷柴 273 5.31 .77 4.㚫冯㔁ⷓḺ䚠奨㐑㔁⬠炻㰚⍾⎴₽ㆸ≇䴻槿 274 5.08 .92 5.㚫冯㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ忚埴⋼⎴㔁⬠ 273 4.66 1.15 ℙ⎴⍫冯 273 4.63 .95 1.䧵㤝⍫冯⬠㟉栀㘗䘬㒔⭂ 273 4.49 1.05 2.䧵㤝⍫冯⬠㟉㛔ỵ婚䦳䘬䞼䨞䘤⯽ 274 4.61 1.05 3.䧵㤝⍫冯⬠㟉䘬⎬枭㳣≽ 274 5.10 .87 4.傥冯⬠㟉⎴ṩℙṓ㟉⊁夷∫䘬㰢䫾㪲 271 4.45 1.18 5.㚫⍫冯⎬枭⥼⒉㚫忳ἄ冯䳬䷼䘬夷∫ 272 4.54 1.15 6.㚫⃰冯㔁ⷓᾹ忼ㆸℙ嬀炻ℵ ↢慵天䘬㰢䫾 271 4.75 1.13 攳㓦㹅忂 273 4.93 .81 1.ⷠⷠ␴㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ℔攳婯婾ṾᾹ䘬デ⍿ 274 4.81 .97 2.冯㛔㟉埴㓧嗽⭌䘬㹅忂朆ⷠ枮㙊 274 4.92 .90 3.㚫德忶⎬䧖䭉忻炻㍸ὃ㔁ⷓᾹ⬠㟉䘬䚠斄妲〗 273 5.01 .86 4.傥⮯㔁ⷓᾹ䘬シ夳廱忼䴎埴㓧 274 5.00 .93 㚱⇑䑘⠫ 273 4.93 .88 1.㗗⍿⇘⮲慵䘬⮰㤕Ṣ⒉ 274 5.06 .95 2.⮵⬠㟉㍸ὃ䘬㔁⬠䑘⠫デ⇘㺧シ 274 4.95 .90 3.⮵⬠㟉㍸ὃ㇨暨䘬㔁⬠屯㸸デ⇘㺧シ 274 4.89 .95 4.⮵⬠㟉䘬柀⮶㓰傥デ⇘㺧シ 274 4.80 1.04 5.冯埴㓧Ṣ⒉㗗ℙ⎴⎰ἄ䘬⛀昲 271 4.97 .99 㔜橼 273 5.04 .68 ⯙㔁ⷓ柀⮶⎬柴枭⼿↮忚埴↮㜸炻Ḽ柴ℐ悥檀㕤 5 ↮烊ˬ⎴₽⋼≑˭⎹⹎ᷕ炻 ˬ傥䴻ⷠ冯⎴₽⮵娙炻ℙ⎴䞼妶㔁⬠䫾䔍˭ˣˬ㚫冯㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ⎰ἄ妋㰢⼤㬌䎕䳂䴻䆇 ⓷柴˭ˣˬ㚫冯㔁ⷓḺ䚠奨㐑㔁⬠炻㰚⍾⎴₽ㆸ≇䴻槿˭ᶱ柴⼿↮庫檀ᶼ㗗檀㕤 5 ↮烊 ℞检⎬⎹⹎ᷕ炻⸛⛯↮㔠檀㕤 5 ↮䘬⇯㚱烉ˬℙ⎴⍫冯˭⎹⹎ᷕ䘬ˬ䧵㤝⍫冯⬠㟉

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䘬⎬枭㳣≽˭烊ˬ攳㓦㹅忂˭⎹⹎ᷕ䘬ˬ㚫德忶⎬䧖䭉忻炻㍸ὃ㔁ⷓᾹ⬠㟉䘬䚠斄妲〗˭ˣˬ傥⮯㔁ⷓᾹ䘬シ夳廱忼䴎埴㓧˭烊ẍ⍲ˬ㚱⇑䑘⠫˭⎹⹎ᷕ䘬ˬ㗗⍿⇘⮲慵䘬 ⮰㤕Ṣ⒉˭䫱柴枭ˤ ⤪ẍℕ溆慷堐Ἦ䚳炻ẍ⸛⛯㔠 3.50 䁢ᷕ㔠炻⇯ 3.50~4.50 ᷳ攻Ⱄˬᷕ⹎˭堐䎦烊 4.51~5.50 ᷳ攻Ⱄˬᷕᶲ˭䦳⹎烊侴 5.51 ẍᶲ⇯䁢ˬ檀⹎˭堐䎦ˤ⇯㛔䞼䨞ᷕˬ㔁⬠ ⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭ᶫ⣏⎹⹎冯㔜橼慷堐ᶲ炻⍿娎侭娵䁢℞⬠㟉㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䘬堐䎦Ⱄˬᷕ ᶲ˭䦳⹎烊军㕤炻⛐⎬⎹⹎ᷕ䘬⎬柴枭⼿↮䉨㱩炻⇯昌Ḯˬℙ⎴⍫冯˭⎹⹎ᷕ䘬ˬ傥冯⬠㟉⎴ṩℙṓ㟉⊁夷∫䘬㰢䫾㪲˭ᶨ柴㗗ⰔỶ㕤 4.50 䘬ˬᷕ䫱䦳⹎˭堐䎦炻℞检 ⎬柴枭Ṏ䘮Ⱄ㕤ˬᷕᶲ䦳⹎˭堐䎦炻䓙㬌栗䣢炻䚖⇵冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠庼⮶㔁ⷓ䘬ˬ㔁ⷓ 柀⮶˭堐䎦⣏悥Ⱄ㕤ᷕᶲ䦳⹎ˤ 忁㧋䳸㝄冯悕様⯽炷2007炸䞼䨞䘤䎦㗗ᶨ农䘬炻悥娵䁢㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶堐䎦㗗Ⱄ㕤ᷕᶲ䦳⹎ˤℵ侭炻⽆⮎⊁奺⹎Ἦ䚳炻㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷫ㗗冢⊿ⶪ⎬⬠㟉ᷕˣ⎬柀 ➇ˣ⎬⬠䥹䘬慵天Ṣ䈑炻℞ᶵ䭉㗗㔁⬠㈨ⶏˣ䎕䳂䴻䆇ˣㆾ㗗Ṣ晃斄Ὢ䫱炻堐䎦悥㗗䚠䔞ẌṢ⇖䚖䚠䚳䘬炻⚈㬌炻℞⮵⎬⸜䳂ㆾ⎬⬠䥹㔁ⷓ䘬⼙枧≃⯙ᶵ妨⎗╣炻ḇ ⯙㗗婒炻ㅱ娚℟㚱㬋⺷ㆾ朆㬋⺷㔁ⷓ柀⮶侭䘬シ佑炻㇨ẍ炻㛔䞼䨞栗䣢℞℟㚱ᶵ拗䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶埴䁢ㅱ娚⯙ᶵ暋䎮妋ˤ⎎⢾炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻ˬℙ⎴⍫冯˭⎹⹎ᷕ䘬ˬ傥冯⬠㟉⎴ṩℙṓ㟉⊁夷∫䘬㰢䫾㪲˭⼿↮䁢㇨㚱柴枭ᷕ庫Ỷ炻侴㬌ㆾ姙㗗⚈䁢ᶨ凔 ˬ㟉⊁夷∫㰢䫾㪲˭⛐⎬㟉悥庫Ⱄ⬠㟉埴㓧䘬借屔炻㇨ẍ炻⯙䬿㔁⬠⮶ⷓ傥⍫冯炻 ḇ㗗庫⮹䘬ℏ⭡炻℞⼴゛天䓙㔁⬠⮶ⷓℵ冯㔁ⷓ⎴ṩℙṓ㟉⊁夷∫㰢䫾䘬䦳⹎炻䔞䃞⯙⎗傥⯙䔍栗ᶵ嵛炻㇨ẍ⍿娎侭䘬デ⍿⯙栗庫ỶḮˤ

ΠȃϚӣधශᡐ໶ఀৱᄇఀᏰᏲৱఀৱሴᏲࣼݲϞ৯౴Ϸݙġ

炷ᶨ炸ᶵ⎴栆⇍㔁ⷓ⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䚳㱽ᷳⶖ䔘↮㜸! ⽆堐 2 ⎗䞍炻ᶵ⎴栆⇍ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮵ˬ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭⎹⹎ᷕᷳˬℙ⎴⍫冯˭ 冯ˬ㚱⇑䑘⠫˭ℑ枭㗗㚱ⶖ䔘䘬炻侴ᶼ悥㗗⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ㭼㔁⬠⮶ⷓ奢⼿㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⛐ˬ㔁 ⷓ柀⮶˭䘬堐䎦庫檀烊℞检⎬枭晾㛒忼䴙妰ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘炻ˤ侴㬌ㆾ姙㗗⚈⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 㗗㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⋼≑䘬⮵尉炻㗗⮎晃䘬⍿䙲侭炻➢㕤㔁ⷓ柀⮶㔁ⷓ炻㔁ⷓ⋼≑㔁ⷓ䘬㤪⾝炻䚠⮵⛘⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㇨⯽䎦䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶⎗傥⯙庫㖻㚱㇨デ⍿ˤ

(13)

堐2 ᶵ⎴栆⇍ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶⎬⎹⹎䚳㱽ᷳⶖ䔘侫槿 ⎹⹎ 㔁ⷓ栆⇍ Ṣ㔠 ⸛⛯㔠㧁㸾ⶖ tῤ 䘤⯽㊯⺽㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 5.28 .67 .69 ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 5.34 .82 偗⭂娵⎴ 㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 5.26 .70 1.18 ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 5.36 .73 ⮰㤕冒ᷣ 㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 144 5.10 .71 1.92 ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 5.27 .73 ⎴₽⋼≑ 㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 5.01 .75 .33 ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 5.04 .83 ℙ⎴⍫冯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 4.48 .95 2.86** ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 4.80 .92 攳㓦㹅忂㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 4.88 .79 1.15 ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 4.99 .83 㚱⇑䑘⠫ 㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 4.80 .87 2.38* ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 5.05 .86 㔜橼㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 145 4.97 .66 1.90 ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ 129 5.12 .69 *p烋.05. **p烋.01. 炷Ḵ炸ᶵ⎴⬠㟉栆⇍ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䚳㱽ᷳⶖ䔘↮㜸⽆堐 3 䘤䎦炻⛐ˬ⎴₽⋼≑˭⎹⹎ᶲ炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ㭼⚳檀ᷕ㔁ⷓ㚜奢⼿ˬ㔁⬠⮶ ⷓ˭⛐ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭䘬⼿↮庫檀炻℞检⎬枭晾㛒忼䴙妰ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ侴㬌䧖䳸㝄ㆾ 姙㗗⚈䁢⚳⮷㔁ⷓ攻Ḻ≽庫柣䷩炻⚳檀ᷕ㔁ⷓẍ⬠䥹䁢╖ỵ炻䚠⮵⬠䥹攻⮰㤕ᶵ⎴炻 Ḻ≽庫⮹ˤ⎎ˬ⎴₽⋼≑˭䘬ℏ⭡㚱悐ấ柴䚖㗗ˬ冯㔁ⷓ忚埴⋼⎴㔁⬠˭炻㬌悐ấ攟 ᷭẍἮ⛐⚳⮷ḇ庫⚳ᷕ⮎㕥柣䌯檀炻㇨ẍ炻㔜橼Ἦ婒⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⯽䎦䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䚳㱽⯙㚫㚱㇨ᶵ⎴ˤ

(14)

堐 3 ᶵ⎴⬠㟉栆⇍⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶⎬⎹⹎䚳㱽ᷳⶖ䔘侫槿 ⎹⹎ ⬠㟉栆⇍ Ṣ㔠 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ tῤ 䘤⯽㊯⺽ ⚳⮷ 183 5.34 .70 .77 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 5.26 .82 偗⭂娵⎴ ⚳⮷ 183 5.32 .67 .57 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 5.27 .79 ⮰㤕冒ᷣ ⚳⮷ 182 5.21 .69 1.15 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 5.11 .78 ⎴₽⋼≑ ⚳⮷ 183 5.10 .74 2.07* ⚳檀ᷕ 91 4.89 .86 ℙ⎴⍫冯 ⚳⮷ 183 4.68 .90 1.18 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 4.53 1.04 攳㓦㹅忂 ⚳⮷ 183 4.95 .80 .42 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 4.90 .84 㚱⇑䑘⠫ ⚳⮷ 183 4.95 .82 .86 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 4.86 .98 㔜橼 ⚳⮷ 183 5.07 .64 1.15 ⚳檀ᷕ 91 4.97 .75 *p烋.05.

έȃఀৱடཾᏰಬޥတϞ౪ݷϷݙġ

䓙堐 4 ⎗䞍炻彎䎮㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䘬⬠㟉炻℞ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭ᶱ⎹⹎冯㔜橼慷堐ᷳ ⸛⛯㔠ṳ㕤 4.93~5.14 ᷳ攻炻℞ᷕˬ㟠⽫天䳈˭⎹⹎冯㔜橼慷堐ᷳ⸛⛯㔠䘮檀㕤 5烊 侴ˬṢ晃屯㸸˭ˣˬ䳸㥳ね㱩˭⎹⹎ᷳ⸛⛯㔠⇯ṳ㕤 4.9~5 ᷳ攻ˤ ⯙ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭⎬柴枭忚埴↮㜸䘤䎦炻ˬ㟠⽫天䳈˭⎹⹎ᷕᶫ柴炻昌ˬ⮵ 㕤㍸⋯㔁⬠䘬ℙ⎴栀㘗冯夷䭬炻傥德忶⮵娙冯埴≽ἮẀ媠⮎䎦˭⼿↮㗗Ỷ㕤 5 ↮⢾炻 ℞检ℕ柴䘮檀㕤 5 ↮烊ˬṢ晃屯㸸˭⎹⹎ᷕ炻⁭ˬ傥▿娎㕘䘬奨⾝冯㈨埻Ἦ㍸⋯㔁 ⬠⮰㤕˭ˣˬ夾㕘忚㔁ⷓ䁢⬠㟉䣦佌慵天䘬ᶨấ⫸˭䫱柴⼿↮庫檀ᶼ㗗檀㕤 5 ↮烊侴 ⛐ˬ䳸㥳ね㱩˭⎹⹎ᷕ炻⇯⁭ˬ⮵㔁⬠㰢⭂℟㚱冒ᷣ㪲˭⼿↮庫檀ᶼ㗗檀㕤 5 ↮ˤ

(15)

䓙㬌⎗䞍炻㛔䞼䨞ᷕˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭ᶱ⣏⎹⹎冯㔜橼慷堐ᶲ炻⍿娎侭娵䁢℞ ⬠㟉⛐ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭ᶲ⬴ℐⰔ㕤ˬᷕᶲ䦳⹎堐䎦˭ˤ㬌䞼䨞䘤䎦⇯冯ỽ㔯䲼炷2006炸䞼䨞䳸㝄⣏农䚠⎴炻悥娵䁢⬠㟉䘬㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䉨㱩列⤥炻⎎⢾炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ㍊䨞⮵尉䁢㔁⬠⮶ⷓ彎䎮⬠㟉炻ẍ冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㍐⯽⮯役ℓ⸜炻⽆㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⋼≑冯㓗㊩⣍Ờ㔁ⷓˣ᷎忚埴ℙ⎴⬠佺ㆸ攟䘬⮎⊁Ἦ䚳炻℞攻⃭㺧⮵娙ˣ↮ṓˣ⎰ἄˣ䎮妋䫱ᷳḺ≽㬟䦳炻ḇ悥⃭ấ⼘栗↢㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬㟠⽫天䳈炻㇨ẍ炻℞⮰㤕⬠ 佺䣦佌䘬堐䎦忼ᷕᶲ䦳⹎⯙ᶵ暋䎮妋ˤ 堐 4 ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭ᷳ⸛⛯㔠冯㧁㸾ⶖᷳ䴙妰↮㜸堐 ⎹⹎ ᾳ㔠 ⸛⛯㔠㧁㸾ⶖ 㟠⽫天䳈 273 5.14 .78 1.傥冯⎴₽䚩⿅⮵娙⼤㬌䔞⇵朊冐䘬㊹㇘ 273 5.17 .85 2.傥ℙ⎴↮ṓˣ妶婾㔁⬠㕡㱽冯䎮⾝ 274 5.21 .85 3.傥德忶奨⮇冯⮵娙炻冯⎴₽妶婾⼤㬌㔁⬠ね⼊ 274 5.11 .90 4.傥斄㲐⬠䓇⬠佺炻ᶼ栀シ⋼≑⬠䓇⬠⼿㚜⤥ 274 5.32 .79 5.傥ℙ⎴↮ṓ⮵⬠䓇⬠佺䘬䎮妋 274 5.23 .82 6.傥ℙ⎴⎰ἄἮ䘤⯽㔁㛸冯㳣≽ẍ㓡┬㔁⬠ 274 5.00 .96 7.⮵㕤㍸⋯㔁⬠䘬ℙ⎴栀㘗冯夷䭬炻傥德忶⮵娙冯埴≽ ἮẀ媠⮎䎦 274 4.96 .94 Ṣ晃屯㸸 273 4.93 .83 1.傥▿娎㕘䘬奨⾝冯㈨埻Ἦ㍸⋯㔁⬠⮰㤕 274 5.01 .92 2.傥デ⍿⇘Ἦ冒㟉ℏ⢾Ṣ⢓⮵ṾᾹ⮰㤕䘬⮲慵冯ᾉả 274 4.79 1.00 3.傥德忶㟉ℏℙ⎴↮ṓ⮰㤕炻嬻㔁⬠㚱⚘暋䘬㔁ⷓ⼿㚱夳佺䘬㨇㚫ˣ㓡忚㔁⬠ 274 4.99 .92 4.傥㍍⍿埴㓧Ṣ⒉䘬怨婳ℙ⎴⍫冯㰢䫾ˣ䱦忚㔁⬠ 274 4.80 .98 5.夾㕘忚㔁ⷓ䁢⬠㟉䣦佌慵天䘬ᶨấ⫸ 273 5.08 .96 䳸㥳ね㱩 273 4.99 .83 1.傥⛐⬠㟉㇨㍸ὃ㗪攻忚埴㊩临䘬冒ㆹ㩊夾冯㔁⬠㚜㕘 274 4.94 .91 2.㑩㚱ℙ⎴⮵娙䨢攻ẍ妶婾㔁⬠⮎⊁ 274 4.91 .99 3.䴻ⷠ㚱㨇㚫忚埴⛀昲ˣ⸜䳂ㆾ⬠䥹䫱䎮⾝䘬Ṍ㎃冯↮ ṓ 274 4.94 .98 4.⮵㔁⬠㰢⭂℟㚱冒ᷣ㪲 274 5.19 .88 㔜橼 273 5.02 .77

δ

₁ .121炷.013炸点点点 Ȥ₂ .128炷.013炸点点点

λ

(21)

堐 9炷临炸 㔁ⷓ 柀⮶ R2炷Y1炸 0.826 0.682 0.937 0.681 R2炷Y2炸 0.820 0.673 R2炷Y3炸 0.859 0.737 R2炷Y4炸 0.834 0.695 R2炷Y5炸 0.802 0.644 R2炷Y6炸 0.818 0.669 R2炷Y7炸 0.816 0.666 㸾㬌侴婾炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ`姕㧉⺷℞ℏ⛐⑩岒ㅱ⯂⛐⎗㍍⍿䭬⚵炻侴⮵㕤℞ᷕ⸦枭㛒䫎⎰䎮゛㧁㸾炻⇯Ṏ栗䎦↢ṃ姙䘬婌ⶖ⬀⛐炻ㅱ㗗㛒Ἦ⎗忚ᶨ㬍䞼䨞⎗⿅侫冯㍊䨞ᷳ嗽ˤ⎎⢾炻⛐㬌⚈㝄㧉⺷ᶳṎ栗䣢炻㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶㗗㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧㓰㝄炻侴㬌䞼䨞䘤䎦〘冯 McCabe炷2007炸ˣJackson炷2009炸ˣRasberry 冯 Mahajan炷2008炸䘬䞼䨞䳸㝄栆Ụ炻悥娵䁢⛐⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬忳ἄ忶䦳炻⮯Ὣἧ㔁 ⷓ柀⮶侭㚜℟䧵㤝冯㈽ℍ炻㇨ẍ⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬㍸⋯㗗㚱㇨≑䙲䘬炻侴ᶼḇ冯悕様⯽ 炷2007炸䘬䚳㱽暟⎴炻娵䁢⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌㗗㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䎮婾➢䢶炻⌛娵䁢⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌㤪⾝ᷕ䘬ˬℙṓ柀⮶˭ˣˬ㓗㊩ね⠫˭ˣˬṢ晃㓗㎜˭䫱炻悥〘䁢㔁ⷓ柀⮶⮎㕥䘬慵天㤪⾝炻㇨ẍ炻德忶㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬⮎㕥冯忳ἄ炻⮵㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬㍸⋯㓰㝄⯙ 栗侴㖻夳Ḯˤᶵ忶炻㛔䞼䨞䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶Ὢ䁢㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷳ㔁ⷓ柀⮶炻㛒Ἦ怬㗗⎗ẍ㍊䨞℞Ṿ㔁ⷓ佌橼ᷳ㔁⬠柀⮶炻᷎忚ᶨ㬍↮㜸㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠柀⮶䘬⼙枧㓰㝄ˤ

(22)

ġ ⚾ 2 㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⚈㝄斄Ὢ䳸㥳⚾

ӂȃ๖፣ᇄ࡚ដġ

Ιȃ๖፣ġ

㟡㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄↮㜸㬠䲵炻䞼䨞侭㒂ẍ㍸↢䳸婾⤪⎶烉炷ᶨ炸冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷳ㔁ⷓ柀⮶堐䎦Ⱄᷕᶲ䦳⹎ 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㔜橼⍿娎侭娵䁢冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⛐㔁ⷓ柀⮶ˬ䘤⯽㊯⺽˭ˣˬ偗 X16 e16 Ṣ晃屯㸸 .57 X12 e12 .75 .78 X11 e11 .88 .80 X10 e10 .90 .71 X9 e9 .84 .74 X8 e8 .86 䳸㥳ね㱩 .20 .45 .23 X15 e15 .48 .23 X14 e14 .48 .25 X13 e13 .50 㔁ⷓ柀⮶ .68 Y1 e17 .83 .67 Y2 e18 .82 .74 Y3 e19 .86 .70 Y4 e20 .83 .64 Y5 e21 .80 .67 Y6 e22 .82 .67 Y7 e23 .82 .44 㟠⽫天䳈 .70 X7 e7 .84 .65 X6 e6 .81 .80 X5 e5 .90 .81 X4 e4 .90 .83 X3 e3 .91 .84 X2 e2 .92 X1 e1 .90 .63 .36 .81

(23)

⭂娵⎴˭ˣˬ⮰㤕冒ᷣ˭ˣˬ⎴₽⋼≑˭ˣˬℙ⎴⍫冯˭ˣˬ攳㓦㹅忂˭ẍ⍲ˬ㚱 ⇑䑘⠫˭䫱↮慷堐⍲㔜橼慷堐ᶲᷳ⼿↮䉨㱩炻䘮Ⱄ㕤ˬᷕᶲ䦳⹎˭堐䎦炻栗䣢䚖⇵ 冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⣏悥傥⯽䎦↢ᶵ拗䘬ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭ἄ䁢ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭㔁ⷓ⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䚳㱽㗗㚱㇨ⶖ䔘 1. ⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ㭼㔁⬠⮶ⷓ娵䁢㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㚱庫檀䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶堐䎦㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ冯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ奢⼿㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⛐ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭⎹⹎ᷕᷳˬℙ ⎴⍫冯˭冯ˬ㚱⇑䑘⠫˭䚳㱽㗗㚱ⶖ䔘䘬炻ᶼ悥㗗⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ㭼㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⼿↮怬天檀炻 ℞检Ḽᾳ↮慷堐⇯䚳㱽㰺㚱Ṩ湤ⶖ䔘ˤ 2. ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ㭼⚳檀ᷕ㔁ⷓ娵䁢㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㚱庫檀䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶堐䎦㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ㭼⚳檀ᷕ㔁ⷓ娵䁢㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⛐ˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭⎹⹎ᷕᷳˬ⎴ ₽⋼≑˭㚱庫檀⹎䘬堐䎦炻军㕤⛐℞检ℕᾳ↮慷堐ᷳ⼿↮ᶲ炻⇯℞䚳㱽᷎㰺㚱Ṩ湤 ᶵ⎴ˤ 炷ᶱ炸冢⊿ⶪ彎䎮㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⬠㟉ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䎦㱩㚱ᶵ拗䘬堐䎦㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦㔜橼⍿娎侭娵䁢ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭㔜橼冯ˬ㟠⽫天䳈˭ˣˬṢ晃屯㸸˭ˣˬ䳸㥳ね㱩˭䫱↮慷堐Ⱄ㕤ˬᷕᶲ䦳⹎堐䎦˭炻栗䣢䚖⇵冢⊿ⶪ彎䎮㔁⬠⮶ⷓ 䘬⬠㟉炻℞⛐ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭ᶲ㚱ᶵ拗䘬堐䎦ˤ 炷⚃炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭㔁ⷓ⮵⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䚳㱽㗗㰺㚱ᶵ⎴ 1. ᶵ⎴栆⇍㔁ⷓ⮵ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭䚳㱽㰺㚱ⶖ䔘㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㔁⬠⮶ⷓ冯⣍Ờ㔁ⷓ⮵ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭⎬⎹⹎冯䷥慷堐ᷳ䚳㱽炻 ℞攻᷎㰺㚱Ṩ湤ᶵ⎴ˤ 2. ᶵ⎴⬠㟉栆⇍ᷳ㔁ⷓ⮵ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭䚳㱽㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ冯⚳檀ᷕ㔁ⷓ⮵ˬ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌˭⎬⎹⹎ᷳ䚳㱽炻᷎ᶵ 㚫⚈䁢℞ả㔁⬠㟉栆⇍ᷳᶵ⎴炻侴㚱㇨ⶖ䔘ˤ 炷Ḽ炸㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶℟㚱㬋⎹⼙枧㓰㝄㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓˬ㔁ⷓ柀⮶˭䘬⼙枧忼䴙妰ᶲ㬋⎹

(24)

栗叿㓰㝄炻栗䣢㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌ᷕᷳˬ㟠⽫天䳈˭ˣˬṢ晃屯㸸˭ˣˬ䳸㥳ね⠫˭ᶱ 枭⚈䳈堐䎦炻⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶℟㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧㓰㝄ˤ

Πȃ࡚ដġ

ὅ㒂㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄炻䞼䨞侭㒂ẍ㍸↢⺢嬘⤪⎶炻ẍὃ㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ˣ⚳㮹ᷕ⮷⬠ˣ ⚳㮹ᷕ⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⍲⼴临䞼䨞ᷳ⍫侫烉炷ᶨ炸ℐ朊㍐⯽㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⇞⹎炻⻟⊾㔁ⷓ柀⮶ㆸ㓰㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⛐㔁ⷓ柀⮶ᶲ㚱ᶵ拗䘬堐䎦炻⚈㬌炻䁢㍸⋯㔜橼㔁 ⬠ㆸ㓰炻㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘炻㛒Ἦㅱ⎗ℐ朊㍐⯽㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⇞⹎炻➡做㚜⣂㔁⬠⮶ⷓ炻᷎㕤 ⬠㟉ᷕ䘤㎖㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬奺刚炻啱ẍὫ忚㔁ⷓ⮰㤕炻᷎忚侴㍸⋯⬠㟉㔜橼㔁ⷓ㔁⬠ˣ ẍ⍲⬠䓇⬠佺ㆸ㓰ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䘤⯽⬠䥹⮶⎹⎰ἄ㧉⺷炻㍸⋯⚳檀ᷕ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦⛐㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬堐䎦ᶲ炻⚳⮷㔁ⷓ㭼⚳檀ᷕ㔁ⷓ㚜娵䁢㔁⬠ ⮶ⷓ㚱庫檀䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶堐䎦ˤ㸾㬌炻䁢㍸⋯⚳檀ᷕ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ἄ䁢炻㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘炻㛒Ἦ⚳檀ᷕ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⮎㕥㧉⺷怬㗗ㅱẍ⬠䥹⮶⎹䁢ᷣ炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻⎗䲦⎰⎴ ⬠䥹䘬㔁⬠⮶ⷓ炻ℙ⎴ⷞ柀⎴⬠䥹㔁ⷓ忚埴⮵娙↮ṓˣ䚠Ḻ忚埴㔁⬠奨㐑ˣ⮎㕥⋼ ⎴婚䦳姕妰冯㔁⬠䫱炻ẍ㛇德忶⎴₽⋼≑䘤䎦㔁⬠㚨Ἓ⮎⊁炻妋㰢㔁⬠⓷柴ˤ 炷ᶱ炸⻟⊾Ṣ晃冯ね⠫㓗㊩炻Ὣ忚㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺㯃⚵冯堐䎦㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦⬠㟉⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬⯽䎦䁢ᷕᶲ䦳⹎炻ᶼ℞⎬↮慷堐ᷳ⼿↮檀Ỷὅ ⸷䁢烉㟠⽫天䳈ˣ䳸㥳ね⠫ˣṢ晃㓗㎜炻晾䃞℞攻ⶖ䔘⎗傥᷎㛒忼䴙妰ᶲ䘬栗叿㯜㸾炻ᶵ忶炻䁢Ὣ忚⬠㟉⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌堐䎦忼䘦⯢䪧柕炻㚜忚ᶨ㬍ᷳ㓰ˤ㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘炻 ⬠㟉㛒Ἦ怬㗗ㅱ憅⮵Ṣ晃冯ね⠫䫱媠⣂天䳈炻忚埴㚜忚ᶨ㬍䘬⻟⊾冯㓗㎜炻媠⤪烉㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ⎴₽攻⮵娙㗪攻ˣ㨇㚫冯䨢攻烊⮲慵冯ᾉả㔁ⷓ⮰㤕ˣℙṓ冯㓗㊩柀⮶䫱炻啱ẍ㍸⋯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌ᷳ堐䎦冯ㆸ㓰ˤ 炷⚃炸句⮎㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌忳ἄ炻㍸⋯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶℟㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧㓰㝄炻栗夳㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䘤⯽㗗㚱斄挝⿏䘬⼙枧≃ˤ㇨ẍ炻㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘炻⬠㟉ㅱ句⮎冯㓗㊩㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬忳ἄ炻啱ẍ㍸⋯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ἄ

(25)

䁢ˤ℞℟橼ἄ㱽⊭㊔烉(1)㌰㪲䣦佌㔁ⷓ㰢⭂⮰㤕⬠佺暨㯪烊(2)㍸ὃ䴻屣ˣ㗪攻ˣね ⠫冯㓗㊩炻ẍ忼ㆸ⎬枭⮰㤕ㆸ攟暨㯪烊(3)㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ㕤䣦佌ᷕℙ⎴㍊䨞ˣ⮵娙ˣℙṓˣ ⎰ἄ䘬㨇㚫炻啱ẍ䘤䎦㔁⬠冯䎕䳂䴻䆇䘬㚨Ἓ⮎⊁ˤ 炷Ḽ炸↮㜸ᶵ⎴佌橼㔁ⷓ柀⮶炻⬴㔜㍊䨞㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌斄Ὢ 㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天⛐㍊䨞冢⊿ⶪ㔁⬠⮶ⷓ䘬㔁ⷓ柀⮶炻᷎忚侴槿嫱⎬彎䎮㔁⬠⮶ⷓ⬠ 㟉⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌⮵㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬⚈㝄斄Ὢ㧉⺷炻䃞㬌䳸㝄⁭旸㕤㔁⬠⮶ⷓᷳ 㔁ⷓ柀⮶ἄ䁢炻䁢⬴㔜㍊䨞㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌斄Ὢ炻㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘炻㛒Ἦ䚠斄䞼䨞Ụ⎗ẍ℞Ṿ㔁ⷓ佌橼炻媠⤪⬠⸜ˣ⬠䥹ˣ柀➇ˣ庼⮶⛀䫱⎔普Ṣ炻↮㜸℞㔁ⷓ 柀⮶冯䚠斄⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌䘬斄Ὢ炻啱ẍ㚜㔜ℐ䎮妋㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌冯㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬 ⚈㝄斄Ὢˤ 炷ℕ炸㍊䨞㚜℟⼙枧⚈䳈ℏ⭡炻⺢㥳庫怑惵冯䨑⭂ᷳ⚈㝄㧉⺷㛔䞼䨞⇅㬍䘤䎦㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌冯㔁⬠⮶ⷓ㔁ⷓ柀⮶ᷳ⚈㝄斄Ὢ㧉⺷怑惵⹎ ⣏农⎗㍍⍿炻ᶵ忶忚ᶨ㬍⿅侫℞⚈㝄㧉⺷炻⯂䘤䎦㔁ⷓ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌ˬ䳸㥳ね⠫˭ ⚈䳈炻ᶵ䭉㗗⚈䳈屈匟慷炻ㆾ㗗ᾉ⹎ˣ嬲䔘㉥⍾慷悥庫栗䔍Ỷ炻栗䣢㬌悐ấ慷堐ᷳ ℏ㵝ㅱ⎗ℵḰẍ㓡┬ˤ⚈㬌炻䁢⺢㥳庫怑惵冯䨑⭂ᷳ⚈㝄斄Ὢ㧉⺷炻㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘㛒 Ἦ䞼䨞Ụ⎗⿅侫᷎㈦⮳冯ˬね⠫䳸㥳˭⚈䳈庫℟斄Ὢᷳℏ㵝炻ℵ⮎㕥Ḵ昶㭝⮰⭞㓰 ⹎炻᷎㕤℞⼴忚埴墯㟠㓰⹎↮㜸ˤ

୤ՃМᝦġ

䌳ᾅ忚炷2004炸ˤ⣂嬲慷↮㜸ˤ冢⊿ⶪ烉檀䫱㔁做ˤ ỽ㔯䲼炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䣦㚫屯㛔冯⬠佺䣦佌斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳冢⊿㔁做⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯䭉䎮䞼䨞㇨䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ⶪˤ 㜿≕ṩ炷2006炸ˤ⮰㤕⬠佺䣦佌忳䓐㕤ⷓ屯➡做冒ㆹ姽揹ᷳ㍊䨞ˤᷕ㬋㔁做䞼䨞炻5 炷2炸炻79-111ˤ 㜿䐆㖴炷2006炸ˤẍ⮰㤕䣦佌㤪⾝ℏ㵝䁢㟠⽫䘬㔁ⷓ⮰㤕䘤⯽䫾䔍ˤ庱㕤㫸䓐䓇炷ᷣ 䶐炸炻䅙ね⋻崲㕘℠䭬炷67-76 枩炸ˤ冢⊿ⶪ烉⚳䩳冢⊿㔁做⣏⬠ˤ 㜿⿅Ởˣ哉忚晬炷2005炸ˤ婾ↅ倂㔁ⷓ⬠佺䣦佌䘬㚱㓰徼⼹ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻132炻 99-109ˤ

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昛晭㘢炷1997炸ˤ⚳ᷕ䎮⊾㔁ⷓ䘬埴≽䞼䨞烉⮰㤕㓡嬲冯⬠佺䣦佌ˤ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬 ⣏⬠䥹⬠㔁做⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ⶪˤ ⻝㵹䎈炷2008炸ˤ庼⮶⒉⬠佺䣦佌⮰㤕䘤⯽ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ⼘⊾䷋ḅ⸜ᶨ屓婚䦳冯㔁 ⬠庼⮶⛀䁢ἳˤ㜙㴟⣏⬠㔁做䞼䨞㇨䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢ᷕⶪˤ 悕様⯽炷2007炸ˤ冢⊿䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ柀⮶冯⬠㟉㔯⊾斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ庼ṩ⣏⬠㔁做柀⮶冯䘤⯽䞼䨞㇨䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿䷋ˤ 哉忚晬炷2007炸ˤ⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㔁ⷓ㔁⬠柀⮶ᷳ⺢㥳冯䘤⯽烉ẍ⬠佺柀➇⎔普Ṣ䁢ἳˤ ⬠㟉埴㓧暁㚰↲炻52炻20-43ˤ 岜⽿Ⲙ炷2009炸ˤ㔁ⷓ柀⮶䘬䎮婾⍲⮎嶸ᷳ㍊㜸ˤ㔁做䞼䨞冯䘤⯽㛇↲炻5炷3炸炻 113-143ˤ

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