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The Impact of Service Quality, Enterprise Image and Switching Barriers on Loyalty in Fitness Clubs between Taiwan and Ma 王湘雲、封德台

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The Impact of Service Quality, Enterprise Image and Switching Barriers on Loyalty in Fitness Clubs between Taiwan and Ma

王湘雲、封德台

E-mail: 9510806@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

As the concept of healthy lifestyle is well-known and urban residents get less space for activities, the fitness clubs begin to stand in great numbers. However, due to the gradual fullness of the market by the competitors, the owners of fitness club are facing the embarrassment of losing their members. Therefore, how to keep high member loyalty is an important issue for the owners of fitness club. There are two purposes in this study: 1.To propose and analyze the relationship composed of the service quality, the enterprise image, the transfer barriers and the member loyalty. 2.To compare the member loyalty difference between Taiwan and Mainland China to provide the academic and business societies more pragmatic understanding. This study used questionnaires as the measurement tool, and the main methods of analysis were product-moment correlation, path analysis and multiple regression. The subjects of this study included the members of Alexander club in Taipei, Taiwan and Shanghai, China. The results showed as below:

1.In Taiwan, the reliability, the responsiveness and the tangibility of service quality have a significant positive impact on the ML.

They have a significant positive impact on the member loyalty indirectly through the corporative image and the service image, too.

Moreover, the perceived switching costs of switching barriers also have a significant positive impact on the member loyalty. 2.In China, the reliability and the responsiveness of service quality have a significant positive impact on the member loyalty. However, the latter one indirectly impacts the member loyalty through the service image positively, too. The interpersonal relationships and the perceived switching costs of switching barriers also impact the member loyalty positively.

Keywords : service quality, enterprise image, switching barriers, member loyalty, fitness clubs Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書………iii 中文摘要………

………iv 英文摘要………v 誌謝………

………vi 目錄………vii 圖目錄………

………xi 表目錄………xii 第一章 緒論 1.1 研 究背景………1 1.2 研究動機………3 1.3 研究目的…

………6 1.4 研究範圍與對象………7 1.5 研究流程………

………8 第二章 文獻探討 2.1 服務品質………11 2.1.1 服務品質的定 義與衡量………11 2.1.2 服務品質的衡量構面………15 2.1.3 小結………

…………28 2.2 會員忠誠度………29 2.2.1 行為意圖………30 2.2.2 忠誠度的定義………35 2.2.3 忠誠度的分類………40 2.2.4 忠誠度的衡量

………45 2.2.5 小結………49 2.3 企業形象………

………49 2.3.1 形象的定義………49 2.3.2 企業形象的定義………51 2.3.3 企業形象的衡量………52 2.3.4 小結………55 2.4 移轉障礙……

………56 2.4.1 移轉障礙的定義………56 2.4.2 移轉障礙的分類………

………57 2.4.3 轉換成本………64 2.4.4 小結………68 2.5 服務 品質、企業形象、移轉障礙與會員忠誠………69 2.5.1 服務品質與會員忠誠度………70 2.5.2 企業形象與會員 忠誠度………72 2.5.3 服務品質與企業形象………74 2.5.4 移轉障礙與會員忠誠度………

…………75 2.5.5 小結………76 2.6 健身中心的演進與發展近況………77 2.6.1 健身中心的起源與發展………77 2.6.2 台灣健身中心的演進及發展現況………79 2.6.3 亞力山大健身 中心………83 第三章 研究方法 3.1 研究架構………86 3.2 研究假設……

………87 3.3.1 服務品質與會員忠誠度………87 3.3.2 服務品質與企業形象…………

………89 3.3.3 企業形象與會員忠誠度………92 3.3.4 移轉障礙與會員忠誠度………95 3.3 研究 變數的操作型定義與衡量………97 3.4 研究設計………112 3.4.1 初始問卷設計

………112 3.4.2 問卷發放對象………115 3.4.3 問卷前測………

………118 3.4.4 效度與信度………119 3.4.5 修改後研究架構與假說………129 3.4.6 問卷

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發放與回收………134 3.4.7 分析方法………137 第四章 資料分析 4.1 問卷填寫 者基本資料分析………138 4.2 服務品質、企業形象、移轉障礙與會員忠誠度之關係……146 4.3 服務品質 與會員忠誠度之關係………154 4.4 服務品質與企業形象之關係………161 4.5 企業形象 與會員忠誠度之關係………168 4.6 移轉障礙與會員忠誠度之關係………174 第五章 結論 5.1 研究結論………181 5.2 研究意涵………185 5.3 研究建 議………191 5.4 研究限制………192 參考文獻………

………195 附錄………209 圖目錄 圖1. 研究流程………10 圖2. P.Z.B服務品質概念模式………

………13 圖3. P.Z.B服務品質決定要素示意圖………18 圖4. The SERVQUAL Model………

………20 圖5. 健身服務之服務品質模式………24 圖6. 服務品質階層因素架構…………

………26 圖7. 態度、行為意圖、與行為間之關係………31 圖8. 推論行為理論模式…

………32 圖9. 服務品質、行為意向與財務結果關係模式………33 圖10. Aaker

(1991)的忠誠度的五個層級分類………41 圖11. 相對態度矩陣圖………43 圖12. Dick & Basu(1994)的顧客忠誠分類………43 圖13. 綜合模型………

………72 圖14. 企業形象的形成與消費者之關係………73 圖15. 研究架構………

………86 圖16. Cronbach’s α與信度………127 圖17. 修改後研究架構………

………131 圖18. 研究樣本最常至健身中心活動時間段統計………144 圖19. 本研究之路徑關係 圖………147 圖20. 台北地區研究資料路徑關係圖………150 圖21. 中國大陸 上海地區路徑關係圖………151 表目錄 表1. P.Z.B的SERVQIAL五大構面………19 表2. 修正SERVQUAL量表內容與組成問項………22 表3. P.Z.B行為意圖量表………

…35 表4. 顧客忠誠的綜合定義………40 表5. 顧客忠誠度之衡量構面之彙整………

………48 表6. 企業形象定義………52 表7. 移轉障礙相關文獻彙總整理…………

………63 表8. 轉換成本定義彙整………65 表9. 國內三大健身中心比較表(

一)………82 表10. 國內三大健身中心比較表(二)………83 表11. 亞力山大集 團事業體分析表………85 表12. 服務品質與會員忠誠度關係假說………89 表13.

服務品質與企業形象關係假說………92 表14. 企業形象與會員忠誠度關係假說………

…95 表15. 移轉障礙與會員忠誠度關係假說………97 表16. 服務品質構念之衡量變數與操作型定義……

………100 表17. 服務品質衡量問項………101 表18. 企業形象衡量變數與操作型定 義………104 表19. 企業形象之衡量問項………105 表20. 移轉障礙之衡量 問項………107 表21. 會員忠誠度構念衡量變數與操作型定義………110 表22. 會 員忠誠度之衡量問項………110 表23. 研究構面、衡量變數、問項設計參考出處對照表………

…111 表24. 服務品質問項題號與內容彙總整理………113 表25. 企業形象問項題號與內容彙總整理………

………114 表26. 移轉障礙問項題號與內容彙整理………114 表27. 會員忠誠度問項題號與內容 彙總整理………115 表28. KMO統計量數之判斷準則………121 表29. 本研究各構念 之KMO值與Bartlett球形檢定值………121 表30. 本研究之主成份分析轉軸後之成份矩陣………122 表31. 因 素分析統計表………123 表32. 本研究問卷之Cronbach α值………

…129 表33. 修改後服務品質與會員忠誠度之關係假說………132 表34. 修改後服務品質與企業形象關係假說……

………133 表35. 修改後企業形象與會員忠誠度關係假說………133 表36. 修改後移轉障礙與會員忠誠 度關係假說………134 表37. 分部營業時間、設施種類數、設施數量與分部規模排名…135 表38. 問卷發放日期

、天數與回收問卷數整理表………136 表39. 研究樣本性別統計………139 表40.

研究樣本年齡別統計………139 表41. 研究樣本最高學歷統計………

…140 表42. 研究樣本職業別統計………141 表43. 研究樣本婚姻狀況統計………

………141 表44. 研究樣本加入健身中心成為會員的時間統計………142 表45. 研究樣本每週至健身中心的 次數統計………143 表46. 研究樣本每次待在健身中心活動的時數統計………143 表47. 台北與上海兩 地區研究樣本之差異性比較………145 表48. 路徑函數及模式………148 表49.

本研究之路徑模式………148 表50. 台北地區路徑係數之估計與檢定結果………

…149 表51. 中國大陸上海地區路徑係數之估計與檢定結果………150 表52. 台北與上海地區研究資料徑路分析結果比 較………153 表53. 台北地區服務品質與會員忠誠度相關分析結果………155 表54. 中國大陸上海地區服務品質 與會員忠誠度相關分析結果…155 表55. 台北地區服務品質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(一)………157 表56. 台北地區服務品 質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(二)………158 表57. 上海地區服務品質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(一)………159 表58. 上海 地區服務品質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(二)………159 表59. 台北地區服務品質對會員忠誠度影響關係假說驗證結果…160 表60. 上海地區服務品質對會員忠誠度影響關係假說驗證結果…160 表61. 台北地區服務品質與企業形象相關分析結果……

…………161 表62. 中國大陸上海地區服務品質與企業形象相關分析結果……162 表63. 台灣地區服務品質與企業形象迴歸

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分析結果(一)…………164 表64. 台灣地區服務品質與企業形象迴歸分析結果(二)…………164 表65. 中國大陸上海地區服務 品質與企業形象迴歸分析結果(一)166 表66. 中國大陸上海地區服務品質與企業形象迴歸分析結果(二)166 表67. 台北地區服 務品質對企業形象影響關係說設驗證結果……167 表68. 上海地區服務品質對企業形象影響關係假說驗證結果……168 表69.

台灣地區企業形象與會員忠誠度相關分析結果………169 表70. 中國大陸上海地區企業形象與會員忠誠度相關分析結果

…169 表71. 台北地區企業形象與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(一)………171 表72. 台北地區企業形象與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結 果(二) ………171 表73. 上海地區企業形象與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(一)………172 表74. 上海地區企業形象與會員忠誠度 迴歸分析結果(二)………172 表75. 台北地區企業形象對會員忠誠度影響關係假說驗證結果…173 表76. 上海地區企業形象對 會員忠誠度影響關係假說驗證結果…174 表77. 台北地區移轉障礙與會員忠誠度相關分析結果………175 表78. 中國大 陸上海地區移轉障礙與會員忠誠度相關分析結果…175 表79. 台北地區知與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(一)………177 表80. 台北地區服務品質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(二)………177 表81. 上海地區服務品質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(一)

………178 表82. 上海地區服務品質與會員忠誠度迴歸分析結果(二)………178 表83. 地區移轉障礙對會員忠誠度影響關係假 說驗證結果………180 表84. 上海地區移轉障礙對會員忠誠度影響關係假說驗證結果…180 表85. 研究結果彙整表…………

………182 REFERENCES

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