第五章 結論與建議
第二節 後續研究建議
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區居民也趁勢抗議，可能會導致廠商需要面對重大的損失(例如：企業形象的減 損或財務賠償損失)。假使廠商平時重視對社區需求的回應，且採取比較透明的 態度(例如跟社區宣導廠商取得哪些重大環境管理規範的證明)，和開放性的處理 (例如邀請社區意見領袖或居民參觀廠區的環境污染防治設備)，這樣的作為有助 於廠商克服重大環境污染事件發生時產生的潛在損失。
其次，由於各種環境管理規範的知識內涵不同，廠商發展符合環境規範的回 應能力也不相同。因此，廠商宣示要重視對環境管理績效的提升時，可以選擇從 知識內涵較窄的環境管理規範著手(例如：碳足跡認證)，再逐步取得知識內涵較 廣的環境管理規範(例如：LEED 認證)。這樣一來，廠商可以循序漸進的提高其 環境管理績效，且可以逐步建立符合諸多環境管理規範的能力，有助於廠商取得 正當性，且可以避免貿然投入知識領域廣的環境管理規範所帶來的不確定性。此 外，逐步取得各種知識廣度由淺入深的環境管理規範，可以幫助組織例規逐漸轉 化為比較符合環境管理規範需求的樣態，以避免貿然改變太多組織例規，導致廠 商日常營運時會產生高度的不確定性。
第二節 後續研究建議
一、組織例規與環境管理規範
由於環境管理規範具有持續更新的特性，當環境管理規範更新時組織產生的 新交換性記憶與先前經驗累積而來的陳述性記憶，兩者的互動關係將會影響廠商 環境管理規範回應能力的持續性。然而，陳述性記憶在組織遇到新問題時會阻礙 組織解決問題的效率(Miller, Pentland and Choi, 2012)。因此，面對環境管理規範 不斷更新，組織發展持續性環境管理規範回應能力時，如何解決交換性記憶與陳 述性記憶兩者的衝突，是後續研究可以深入探討的議題。
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二、能力微觀基礎與環境管理規範
環境管理規範會持續更新之外，也會具有跨國規範不一致的情況產生(如 LEED 綠建築規範與台灣法規)。因此，廠商發展環境管理規範回應能力不只需 要面對前述的組織例規衝突，更需要克服跨國規範不一致性產生的障礙。跨國規 範不一致性對廠商順利推動環境管理規範的影響好壞參半，當國際環境管理規範 規定較嚴時，順從國際環境管理規範即可，反之亦然。廠商難以抉擇的情況發生 在本國環境管理法規，不利於廠商順應國際環境管理法規時，會減低廠商取得國 際環境管理規範認證的等級或分數。本研究認為面對這樣不利的情況，綠色創新 精神有助於廠商解決難題，可以協助廠商順利發展環境管理規範回應能力(Chen, 2008)。然而，廠商綠色創新精神如何透過能力微觀基礎架構展現，則是有待研 究者的發掘。
三、媒體與社區對廠商行為的影響
本研究中發現媒體與社區不是影響台灣廠商重視環境管理的利害關係人。然 而，媒體的報導經常會在特定事件中高度影響廠商行為(例如 2013 年高雄日月光 污染事件)。因為媒體報導會使廠商污染事件具有較高的曝光度，在台灣媒體報 導的頻率下(24 小時新聞輪播)，台灣媒體報導廠商污染事件經常在短期內引起社 會大眾高度的重視，並且會帶動工廠所在地附近社區民眾抗議廠商污染事件，顯 示媒體對廠商行為影響深遠。因此，媒體如何影響台灣廠商污染行為值得深入探 討。社區民眾往往是工廠發生污染事件時直接的受害者，且工廠周遭的空氣、水 和土壤污染事件發生時，有時候甚至會對社區民眾造成長期的影響(例如 RCA 地 下水污染事件)。不過，社區民眾卻比較不受到台灣廠商的重視，原因為何需要 後續研究的探索。
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