第五章 結論與建議
第四節 研究展望
本研究提供以下幾點建議,以供未來研究方向之參考:
一、顧客懲罰議題之深入研究
本研究乃是基於目前懲罰已成為大部分服務企業為降低成本與彌補損失而 經常採取的管理手段,才著手進行顧客懲罰之研究,探討懲罰事件對於旁觀者的 影響效果。但是,孔子說:「道之以政,齊之以刑,民免而無恥;道之以德,齊 之以禮,有恥且格。」,長期而言,懲罰消費者對服務提供者來說,究竟是好還 是壞?長期而言,懲罰消費者究竟會帶來利潤還是造成損失?這些根本的問題其 實都還未有定論。此外,要降低顧客的不當行為,永遠別忘了除了以「懲罰」作 為手段之外,我們還可以嘗試以「獎賞」做為工具,說不定獎賞的效果遠比懲罰 來得更好。這些長期及獎賞的議題,則有待後進於未來繼續深入探討。
相關研究人員若對懲罰政策的設計感興趣,也可嘗試歸納出一套制訂懲罰政 策的標準,像是如何設計出最佳的懲罰政策,使懲罰效果極大,同時顧客的滿意 度也最高。
二、研究範圍之擴展
由於不同產業的懲罰事件(例如:金融業或旅遊業),情況可能有所不同,
不同形式的懲罰(罰款、限制會員特權或降級),效果可能也不一樣,因此未來 研究可擴大研究範圍,探討不同產業之懲罰事件對旁觀者反應的影響是否會有所 不同,或者不同形式的懲罰,在效果上及旁觀者的反應上是否也會有所不同。
三、研究變數之擴展
於文獻探討的過程中,本研究發現有研究顧客懲罰的學者(Kim and Smith, 2005)將受罰者「歸因的傾向」、「違規受罰的頻率」及「導致受罰的因素為顧客 本身可控制或不可控制」等變數納入考量。本研究認為亦可觀察旁觀者是否會因 這些變數的不同,而對懲罰事件產生不同的反應。建議後進在設計研究架構時,
可將這些變數納入考慮。
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相關網站
經濟部統計處,我國產業結構變動表,2007【線上資料】,來源:
http://2k3dmz2.moea.gov.tw/GNWEB/Indicator/indicator.aspx?menu=3【2007, May 24】
附錄一:情境一之正式問卷
◎ 在填寫這份問卷之前,想先請問您過去有無到漫畫出租店租過漫 畫的經驗?
有。請您翻到下一頁開始填寫此份問卷,謝謝您。
無。請將問卷交還給研究人員,無須繼續填答,謝謝您。
您好:
這是一份純供學術研究的問卷,目的在於了解消費者看到顧客因違規而 受到懲罰時,心裡的想法與反應。在回答問題之前,
請您務必先閱讀問 卷上的小故事
,我們會請教您對於小故事的一些想法,因此請您留心小 故事的內容。您的寶貴意見對本研究十分重要,所有的資料僅供統計分析之 用,絕不會個別對外公開,請您放心填答。非常感謝您的耐心協助。敬祝 平安
國立中山大學企業管理研究所 聯絡電話:(07)5252000 #4643 指導教授:周逸衡 博士 研究生:邱婕如 敬上 [email protected]
◇ 請您先閱讀以下的小故事:
※ 僅供參考:目前一般漫畫出租店的逾期罰金行情約為出版一個月內新書一本 逾期一天罰款7 元,租借十本新書逾期兩天罰金約為 140 元。
你家附近有一家知名連鎖漫畫出租店,店內裝潢乾淨、明亮,店員 穿著整齊,漫畫種類齊全,且書籍保存良好。你是一個漫畫愛好者,空 閒的時候常會看點漫畫來調劑身心。由於這家漫畫出租店離你家很近,
而且這個連鎖體系還算蠻有名的,租金水準也算合理,所以你在半年前 加入這家漫畫出租店成為會員。在這半年內,你光顧過這家店好幾次 了,到目前為止,你還沒有因逾期還書而被罰錢的經驗。不過你認為逾 期還書的情形是很常見的,也有可能發生在自己身上。
某天下午,剛考完期末考,你想租幾本漫畫來紓解壓力,於是你來 到這家漫畫出租店。在店內經過一番挑選之後,你決定租幾本最新上架 的漫畫回家看。到櫃台結帳時,正好聽到店員跟排在你前面的顧客王同 學說:「王同學,你所租的十本新書已經逾期兩天了,按照規定你必須 支付 300 元的罰金。」王同學面露難色,對店員說:「我不是故意的,
實在是因為最近太忙了,抽不出時間來還。況且我從來都沒有逾期還書 耶!不能通融一下嗎?」店員說:「這樣啊,我看一下喔。根據電腦上 面的資料,顯示你過去六個月在本店都沒有逾期歸還的記錄,所以這次 你僅需支付一半的罰金,也就是150 元,請你以後務必按時歸還喔!」
王同學點點頭,拿出150 元交給店員,轉身離開出租店。
◇ 第一部份:請您想像您是故事中的主角,在不考慮其他因素下,請您僅就小
完 完 全 全 不
同 普 同 意 通 意 10. 看到王同學因逾期還書而受罰,會使我更願意遵守如期歸
還的規定。
11. 看到王同學因逾期還書而受罰,會使我避免做出和王同學 相同的行為。
12. 看到王同學因逾期還書而受罰,會使我更努力在期限內歸 還漫畫。
13. 對我而言,這家漫畫出租店是最好的選擇之一。
14. 我認同這家漫畫出租店的逾期罰款政策及處理程序。
15. 這是一家良好的漫畫出租店。
16. 我在意這家漫畫出租店是否能繼續經營下去。
17. 我喜愛這家漫畫出租店的經營方式。
18. 這家漫畫出租店了解我的需求。
19. 我喜愛這家漫畫出租店。
20. 我想幫助這家漫畫出租店達成他的業績目標。
21. 在這家漫畫出租店租漫畫的經驗是令人愉快的。
22. 因為我喜歡這家漫畫出租店,所以我選擇在這家店租漫畫。
23. 以後我想繼續在這家漫畫出租店租漫畫。
◇ 第三部分:基本資料 1. 性別: 男 女 2. 年齡: 歲
3. 教育程度: 高中(職)含以下 大學 研究所以上
◇ 第四部分:
在不考慮故事情節的情況下,就一般現實情況而言
1. 請問您是否贊同漫畫出租店採取逾期罰款政策?
2. 請問您是否也曾有因租借漫畫書逾期歸還而受罰的經驗?
是,我曾有因租借漫畫逾期而受罰的經驗。
否,我沒有因租借漫畫逾期歸還而受罰的經驗。
不確定是否有因租借漫畫逾期歸還而受罰的經驗。
3. 您認為您自己未來是否有逾期歸還漫畫的可能?
4. 請問漫畫書出租這項服務對你而言重不重要?
非常重要
重要
有點重要
普通 不太重要 不重要 非常不重要 非常有可能有可能有點可能普通 不太可能 不可能非常不可能
普通 不太重要 不重要 非常不重要 非常有可能有可能有點可能普通 不太可能 不可能非常不可能