第七章 結論與建議
第三節 研究貢獻
國家創新對於經濟發展具有相當的影響性,本研究在討論相似經 濟發展成就的台灣與南韓之國家創新相似性與相異性。本研究貢獻主 要在以客觀的角度探討台灣與南韓的國家創新
過去較少文獻所討論的研究方
影響的國家創新在台灣與南韓的狀況,而選擇台灣與南韓為研究 對象除了因該兩國經濟成就相當類似之外,也因為過去台灣與南韓是 在此議題上較少被討論的組合。研究結果可顯示台灣與南韓雖同為追 趕中經濟,但在與聯合國工業發展組織所提出的觀點上並非完全相 符,另外以創新相異性去推論探究台灣與南韓創新政策的制訂方向,
也是本研究所提供的學術貢獻。而實務上則可以提供兩國在 的 考,也可提供為國家層級實證性研究的參考。
參考文
網址
1. Education statistics in KOREA http:/
http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/E TATISTICS/EDU72200 0
/english.moe.go.kr/statistics/HRD-ch1.xls 線上資料庫(須登錄):
petitiveness.com/online 歷年技術移轉績效:
ces.asp
oc_intro/struct_map.html DU_MGT/S
1/indicator/a-4-3.htm?open 6. 南韓學製圖:
http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/STATISTICS/EDU72200 01/indicator/a-4-1.htm?open
7. 教育統計指標之國際比較:
6. 行政院主計處,「國民經濟動向統計季報」,第 114 期, 2006 年
23. 馮之浚,國家創新系統研究綱要,山東教育出版社,濟南市,2000 年。
24. 經濟部,「南韓經貿結構調整暨產業發展策略方向分析」,國內 外經濟情勢分析,95 年 1 月。
25. 詹文男編,2005 ICT Country Reports: 南韓篇,資策會資訊市場情 報中心,台北,2005 年,初版。
26. 廖年淼,「台灣與南韓政經背景與職業教育發展型態之比較分 析」,技術及職業教育雙月刊,第75 期,2003 年 6 月。
27. 蒙莉莎 (Melissa A. Schilling)著,科技創新策略管理(Strategic Management of Technological Innovation),溫榮弘譯,麥格羅.希爾 28.
29.
McGraw-Hill,台北,2006 年。
劉錦添,「台灣永續發展指標—經濟指標之建構與趨勢分析」,
conometrica, 60, pp. 323-351, March 1992.
Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, June
8,
32. 龔明鑫、林秀英,「從專利分析台灣創新能量與趨勢」,「2003 年產業科技創新:關鍵年代的政策與挑戰」國際研討會,2003 年 10 月 30-31 日,台北。
文部分
1. Aghion, Philippe, Peter Howitt. “A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction,” E
2. Allan Afuah. Innovation Management: Strategies, Implementation and Profits, 2nd
2002.
3. Amin, Ash and Nigel Thrift. “Globalisation, Institutional "Thickness"
and the Local Economy.” In Patsy Healy (Eds.), Managing Cities: The New Urban Context,John Wiley & Sons Ltd,Chichester, pp. 91-10 1
4. Amsden, A. H. and W.-W. Chu. Beyond Late Development: Taiwan's Upgrading Policies, The MIT Press, Cambridge
5. Amsden, A. H. The Rise of “the Rest” : Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies, Oxford University Press, New York, 6.
conomic G nal Economics and Economic 7. a. “Human Capital, Innovation
ersey, September 2003.
11.
rk, 1980.
dies of Taiwan,
13. ralization and Economic Growth:
ournal of Urban Economics, 43, pp.244-257,
14. Dodgson Mark, Bessart John. Effective Innovation Policy: A New 15.
4.
16.
ge in Global Markets? Evidence from the Computer Industry”, 17.
ence Paper, Kyoto, 2002.
2001.
Andre Jungmittag. “Innovations, Technological Specialisation and E rowth in the EU”, Internatio
Policy, 1(2/3), pp. 247 - 273, 2004.
Aurora A C Teixeira, Natércia Fortun
Capability and Economic Growth in Portugal, 1960-2001”, Portuguese Economic Journal, 3(3), pp. 205 - 225, 2004 8. Betz, Frederick. “Next-Generation Technology and Research
Consortia”, International Journal of Technology Management, pp.
298-310, 1991
9. Betz, Frederick. Managing Technological Innovation : Competitive Advantage from Change, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, Hoboken, New J
10. Boyes, William J., Melvin, Michael. Economics, 2nd Edition, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1994.
Bush, V. Science, the Endless Frontier, Reprint Edition, Arno Press, New Yo
12. Chia-Han Yang, C.C Cheng, Joseph Z.S, “A Comparative Analysis of S&T Policy for Industrial Development - Case Stu
Korea, Japan, and U.S.A”, IAMOT 2006, Beijing, P.R. China, May 23 - 26, 2006
Davoodi H., H. Zou. “Fiscal Decent a Cross-Country Study”, J
1998.
Approach, International Thomson Business Press, UK, 1996
Dodgson, M., R. Rothwell, Innovation in Small firms, The Handbook of Industrial Innovation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, December 199 Duysters, G., Hagedoorn, J. “Do Company Strategies and Structures Conver
Journal of International Business Studies, 32, pp.347–356, 2001.
Edler, J. “A Multi-dimensional Analysis of International R&D : Some Findings on and Lessons of the German Case”. ICTPI KANSAI 2002 Confer
18. ESCAP, Country Reports on Local Government Systems: Republic of Korea, Bangkok, 2003.
19. Fleming, L., Sorenson, O. “Science as Map in Technological Search”, Strategic Management Journal, 25, pp. 909−928, Aug/Sep 2004.
Frank,
20. Robert H, Bernanke, Ben. Principles of Economics, 21.
23. Survey”,
24. e
hicago Press, Chicago, 1998.
26. National Specialisation in the Global ie, J.
obal Economy, Cambridge 27. & B.H., Griliches, Z. “Econometric Models for
28.
harmaceutical Research”, Strategic Management Journal, 29.
on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified 30.
31.
32. East
33. n, and Economic Growth: An
McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston, 2001.
Freeman, C. The Economics of Industrial Innovation, Cambridge, MIT, MA, 1982.
22. Griliches, Z. “Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: a Survey”, Journal of Economic Literature, 28, pp. 1661–1697, 1990.
Griliches, Z. “Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Journal of Economic Literature, 28, pp. 1661–1707, 1990.
Griliches, Z. R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, Th University of C
25. Grossman, G., E. Helpman, Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, September 1991.
Guerrieri, P. “Patterns of
Competitive Environment”, in Archibugi, D., Howells, J., Mich (Eds.), Innovation Systems in a Gl
University Press, Cambridge, pp. 139–159, 1999.
Hausman, J., Hall
Count Data With an Application to the Patents-R&D Relationship”, Econometrica, 52, pp.909–938, 1984.
Henderson, R., Cockburn, I. “Measuring Competence: Exploring Firm Effects in P
15, pp.63–84, 1994.
Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E., Kim, H. “International Diversification:
Effects
Firms”, Academy of Management Journal, 40, pp.767–798, 1997.
Hoe Hoon Chung, Lessons from the Korean Venture Industry Development, The World Bank, Washington, 2004.
Howells, Jeremy. “Innovation and Regional Economic Development:
A Matter of Perspective?”, Research Policy, 34(8), pp. 1220-1234, October, 2005.
Hsiao Frank S.T., Mei-Chu W. Hsiao. “FDI, exports, and GDP in and Southeast Asia—Panel data versus time-series causality analyses”, Journal of Asian Economics, 17, pp.1082-1106, 2006.
HULYA ULKU. R&D, Innovatio
Empirical Analysis, IMF Working Paper, 2004.
34. Hwang, Y. The Rise of a New World Economic Power: Postwar Taiwan, Greenwood Press, New York, 1991.
35. Hyun-A Kim. “Local Decentralization and Economic Grow Korea”, A Joint Conference of KEBA
th in , RCIE, and KIET, Gyeong Ju, 36. centralization and Economic Growth Revisited: an
05.
37. ,
mber
38. Framework of
39.
40. catching-up”,
re, 41. h to the Small-Country
lishers,London & New York, pg. 293, 1988.
43.
eview,
45. cience and Government”, Science, 102(2660), pp.
46.
ering
47. rmation Service,
Seoul, 2006.
Korea, December 15-16, 2006.
Iimi, Atsushi, “De
Empirical Note”, Journal of Urban Economics, 57, pp. 449-461, 20 Ilyoun Song, Choonyup Park, JoongYeon Lim, Deokkyo Oh
Youngbok Shon. “Technology Transfer in Korea”, 2006 Technology Transfer Society Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Septe
27-29, 2006
Jacobs, Dany. “Innovation Policies within the
Internationalization”, Research Policy, 27(7), p. 711 ,Nov 1998.
Jan Fagerberg, Bart Verspagen. “Technology-gaps,
Innovation-diffusion and Transformation: An Evolutionary
Interpretation”, Research Policy, 31 (8), pp. 1291-1304, December 2002.
Jan Fagerberg, Manuel Godinho. “Innovation and
Working Papers from Centre for Technology, Innovation and Cultu University of Oslo, 2003.
Johnson, B., “An Institutional Approac
Problem”, in Freeman, C. and Lundvall, B.A. (Eds), Small Countries Facing the Technological Revolution, London, Printer
Publishers,Pinter Pub
42. Johnson, C., MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1982.
Kevin HONGLIN ZHANG, “Why does so much FDI from Hong Kong and Taiwan go to Mainland China?”, China Economic R 16, pp.293–307, 2005.
44. Khalil, Tarek M. Management of Technology, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, October 1999.
Kilgore, H. M. “S
630-638, December 1945.
Kocaoglu, D. F. “Toward a Paradigm for Engineering and Technology Management (editorial)”, IEEE Transactions on engine
management, 37(2), pp. 77-78, 1999.
KOIS, Facts about Korea, Korean Overseas Info
48. Kuznets, S. Economic Growth of Nations: Total Output and Production
Structure, Harvard, Cambridge, Mass, 1971.
Lane, P. J., Makri, M. “Responding to Diminishing Technological Opportunities: A Socio-cognitiv
49.
e Model of Science and Innovation”, 50.
51.
D.C, 1998.
rds a 2.
of Vocational y”, 2003 ding, pp. 196-207. National Changhua University of Education, 54.
nited States”, Papers and Proceedings of a th
55. tional
op
58. omic Foundations of Technology Policy”, in tion and 95.
Press, Oxford, 1993.
61. Indicators, Issue1, Paris, 2006.
63. orial Reviews Busan, Korea, Paris, 2004.
Arizona State University College of Business working paper, 2004.
Leary, W. E. “Secrets of 200 Years of Inventions in the Most Innovative Country”, New York Times, November 2002.
Litvack, Jennie, Junaid Ahmad, and Richard Bird. Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries, The World Bank, Washington,
52. Lundvall ,Bengt-Åke. National Systems of Innovations: Towa
Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, Pinter, London, 199 53. Lyau, N., Lee, K., Jou, C. “The Development Pattern
Education in South Korea and Taiwan: A Comparative Stud International Conference of Industrial Technology Education Procee
2003.
Mansfield, E. “Contribution of Research and Development to Economic Growth of the U
Colloquim on Research and Development and Economic Grow Productivity, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 1972.
March, J. G. “Exploration and Exploitation in Organiza
Learning”, Organization Science, 2(1), pp. 71−87, February 1991.
56. Marquis, D.G. The Anatomy of Successful Innovation, Winthr Publisher, Cambridge, 1982.
57. Melissa A. Schilling. Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, 1st edition, June 2004.
Metcalfe, S. “The Econ
Stoneman, P. (Eds), Handbook of the Economics of Innova Technical Change, Blackwell, Oxford, 19
59. Nelson,Richard R. National Innovation systems – A comparative Analysis, Oxford University
60. Nightingale, P. “A cognitive model of innovation”, Research Policy, 27, pp. 689−702, November 1998.
OECD, Main Science and Technology
62. OECD, Research and Development Statistics, Paris, 2005.
OECD, Territ
64. OECD. Managing National Innovation Systems, Paris, 1999.
OECD. Poli
Economic, Paris, 2002
65. cy Brief: Science, Technology and Innovation in the New
67.
izations, 68.
al Institute Economic Review, 122, pp.
69.
70. ip,
ss Economics, 24(3), pp. 335 - 350, April 2005.
ss, New 72.
roes M.
74. -Martin, “Technological Diffusion, , pp.
2.
s, Elsevier Science Ltd, NY, 1990 er, London, 66. OECD. Science and Innovation Policy: Key Challenges and
Opportunities, Paris, 2004.
Oshima, H. “Human Rsources and Macro-comparative Productivity Trends”, in S. Ichimura (Eds), Challenge of Asian Developing Countries: Issues and Analyses, Asian Productivity Organ Hong Kong, 1988.
Patel, P., Pavitt, K., “The Elements of British Technological Competitiveness”, Nation
72–83, 1987.
Patel, P., Pavitt. K., “National Innovation Systems: Why They are Important, and How They Might be Measured and Compared”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 3, pp. 77-95, 1994.
Poh Kam Wong, Yuen Ping Ho, Erkko Autio. “Entrepreneursh
Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data”, Small Busine
71. Porter, M. E., The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Pre York, 1990.
Richard R.Nelson, National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis,Oxford University Press, 1993.
73. Rip, A. “Science and Technology as Dancing Partners”, in P. K Bakker (Eds.), Technological development and science in the industrial age, Kluwer ,Netherlands, 1992.
Robert J. Barro, Xavier Sala-i
Convergence, and Growth”, Journal of Economic Growth, 2(2) 1-26, March 1997.
75. Robert Read, “Foreign Direct Investment & the Growth of Taiwan &
Korea”, IBRG FDI: Country Case Studies Conference, Grange-over-Sands, pp.13-14 September, 200
76. Romer, Paul M. “Endogenous Technological Change”, Journal of Political Economy, 98 ,pp. S71-S103, 1990.
77. Roobeek,A., Beyond the Technology Race: An Analysis of Technology Policy in Seven Industrial Countrie
78. Rothwell R., Zegveld W. Industrial Innovation and Public Policy,Preparing for the 1980s and the 1990s, Frances Pint 1981.
79. Rothwell, R., Zegveld, W., Reindustrialization and Technology, 80. lization in Asia revisited: a theoretical
81. of Economic Development, Harvard
82. vation
igh Technology Management Research, 17, pp.
83.
Treacherous Road with Potholes, Detours and Road . 84.
S.
onomic and Statistics, 39, pp. 312-320, 1957.
, pp 701-717, 1988.
88. onomy: Evolutionary
89.
ket and Organization change, John Wiley& Sons
90. d
g olicy Dimensions, Longman, Harlow UK, 1985.
Sato M. Fiscal decentra foundation, Mimeo, 2004.
Schumpeter,J.A. The Theory
University Press, Cambridge M.A, 1934.
Scott W.G. & Marianna M. “Exploration and Exploitation Inno Processes: The Role of Organizational Slack in R & D Intensive Firms”, Journal of H
97–108, 2006
Shah A., T. Thompson, Implementing Decentralized Local Governance: a
Closures, The World Bank Policy Research, Washington, DC, 2004 Smith-Doerr, Laurel, Jason Owen-Smith, Kenneth W. Koput and Walter W. Powell. “Networks and Knowledge Production:
Collaboration and Patenting in Biotechnology”, in R. Leenders and Gabbay (Eds), Corporate Social Capital and Liability., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, 1999.
85. Solow R. “Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function”, Review of Ec
86. Stokey, N. L. “Learning by Doing and the Introduction of New Goods”, Journal of Political Economy, 96
87. Teitelman, R., Profits of Science. Basic Books, New York, February 1994.
The World Bank, Korea as a Knowledge Ec
Process and Lessons Learned, Washington, 2006.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., Pavitt, K., Managing Innovation:Integrating Technological, Mar
Inc, New York, 2001.
UNCTAD, The United Nations Conference on Trade an Development, Geneva, 2005.
91. UNIDO. Industrial Developmental Report 2005, Capability Buildin for Catching-up: Historical, Empirical and P
Vienna, 2005.