第三章 研究設計
第三節、 研究限制和未來的研究方向
第三節 研究限制和未來的研究方向
由於本文主要從統計的角度來檢視兩種制度的運作，在研究限制上可以分 為兩種不同的層面，分別是變數以及個案研究，未來的發展也可以從這兩個方 向繼續進行研究。首先在變數的限制上，本文以國會有效政黨數目、總理任命 和任期為依變數，不論在準內閣制和內閣制。國會除了是內閣制和準內閣制立 法機關外，也可以控制國家的行政權力，總理則是最重要的行政官員。本文選 擇的依變數皆與非常重要行政權力有關連，所以即便總統想要介入行政事務，
也可能不會從行政首長開始著手，而是由其他的人事任命，或是否決議案來介 入行政事務，避免引起極大的爭議。先前已有研究比較半總統制和內閣制共和 國總統在否決法案和任命權力(Tavits, 2009)，發現權力較小的總統曾使用這些權
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力來介入政局。當總統從任命、免除總理職務以外的其他途徑介入政局，就無 法從本文選擇的依變數進行觀察。未來相關研究可以再比較兩種制度在其他人 事任命，或議案的否決進行研究。
第二個研究限制是個案的敘述，雖然本文得到假設的過程中，已參照並說 明部分國家的政治運作，但本文的重點在於比較整體層次的不同，亦即比較變 數在不同制度之間是否顯著的差異。在個案上僅有簡短的說明，並未更深入的 分析行為者背後的動機。未來的其他研究可以更深入的找尋準內閣制總統影響 總理任命、介入政治衝突的過程，在比較準內閣制的總統在政治運作上是否有 更顯著的影響力。
第三個研究限制是本文的研究範圍，本文的核心研究問題是探討準內閣制 和內閣制的差異，更進一步來說，本文嘗試找出半總統制和內閣制之間的界 線。而半總統制和總統制之間也存在模糊的界線，Elgie (2005)的半總統制分類 當中，有一個高度總統化的次類型，Wu (2011)的分類當中也有總統宰制的次類 型，這顯示在總統權力較大的情況下，半總統制的運作會趨近於總統制。但這 些總統權力較大的半總統制國家，在實際運作上，是否與總統制國家有顯著的 差異，仍有待未來的研究繼續做探討。
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