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第六章 結論
本文一開始即提及近年來已有許多數據顯示氣候變遷日趨嚴重，許多國家 已開始施行減緩氣候變遷的政策，ETS 則是當中常見的工具之一；另一方面，
因應能源危機，各國亦施行促進再生能源發展的政策，同時因為再生能源排放 量較低的特性而能降低排放。
在ETS 以及 REC 兩種政策同時施行的情況下，可能會造成重複管制降低 總體溫室氣體排放量的情況，故本文從過往文獻當中整理出兩種政策可能有的 互動關係：無互動、直接互動以及間接互動，其中直接互動當中又可分為交易 互動以及非交易互動。整理完可能的互動關係後，第三章以及第四章則分別探 討美國以及歐盟兩地在ETS 以及 REC 兩政策工具的互動實例，並在第五章並 進行分類，發現在實例當中並沒有間接互動的例子，但在無互動以及直接互動 當中則有實際案例可供參考，無互動的例子包含：RGGI 與 RPS 以及.歐盟層級 的ETS 與 GO 或是 REC；直接互動的例子則包含：加州 ETS 以及 RGGI 與自 願性REC 市場（保留機制）、英國早期 ETS 與 ROC、加州 ETS 的 RPS 以及英 國的CRC 計畫與 ROC，其中前兩者為「交易互動」，後兩者為「非交易互 動」。
了解目前歐美兩地區碳排放交易市場以及REC 市場的互動關係後，本文則 整理了目前台灣溫室氣體管制以及REC 的發展現況。目前台灣尚未開始施行碳 排放交易的市場，但用電量超過一定比例的業者須經溫室氣體盤查，可以預期 未來若施行碳排放交易市場，該些業者有極大的可能性成為碳排放交易市場中 受管制的對象。REC 的市場已於 2017 年開放自願性的市場，立法院更於今年 修正再生能源發展條例，未來用電量達一定容量的業者需應於用電場所或適當 場所，自行或提供場所設置一定裝置容量以上之再生能源發電設備、儲能設備 或購買一定額度之再生能源電力及憑證，台灣REC 的強制性市場於焉產生。
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從台灣目前溫室氣體管制以及REC 的發展觀之，在未來兩政策是極有可能 產生衝突。目前環保署亦已將REC 的排放係數訂為 0，使其與 ETS 存在互動關 係，但此一設計並無法解決REC 與 ETS 間的衝突關係，故本文參考國外的實 例認為在REC 自願性市場可參考加州以及 RGGI 的案例；強制性市場則可參考 加州內ETS 與 RPS 的案例。參考上述的實例後，本文認為在自願性市場的部 分，台灣在排放交易的相關立法當中，應針對保留的配額、資格要求以及單位 間的轉換訂有以下內容：針對配額，每年主管機關應保留一定比例（如加州為 0.25-0.5%）的配額至再生能源自願計畫中；自願再生能源計畫參與者所產生 REC 須於規定的年限中，每年固定從自願性再生能源保留帳戶註銷配額，直至 帳戶當中的配額數量耗盡為止；所應註銷的配額數量公式等等；在強制性市場 的部分則建議台灣以在REC 的相關立法中訂立以下內容：「若參與者取得排放 權交易市場之配額，則其使用再生能源憑證以符合再生能源配比制度要求時，
亦應於其排放權交易帳戶當中註銷相對應數量之配額。」
除此之外，筆者亦認為ETS 以及 REC 兩種政策工具在調和時，立法的技 術層面應考量管制對象、單位以及登錄處，包含：清楚界定管制對象的範圍、
統一且明確定義單位以及單位產生的方式、用途、使用目的、使用方式等，除 此之外，亦應以建立一個專門處理ETS 以及 REC 的登錄處為目標，降低管制 成本。以上每一個納入考量的指標目的皆係為了避免兩政策工具之間產生衝突 而削弱排放減量的目標。
本文中所提出的建議主要立基於外國立法上的案例，希望可以透過國外制 度了解ETS 與 REC 間可能的互動關係以及解決方式，並以主管機關作為出發 點提出法條制定上的建議。目前就台灣的立法而言，仍有許多不清楚甚至有可 能造成重複管制的地方，針對相關立法不清楚的地方，筆者並無法在本文當中 給予十分明確的建議，故筆者建議主管機關應盡快確定相關立法規定，確立法 律的明確性以便業者能夠確定自身是否為受管制對象，而能採取相關行動以盡
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速符合法律規範，或是根據營運管理以及財務上的規畫選擇其是否加入自願性 的ETS 或是 REC 的市場。
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