• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 研究分析與討論

第二節 個案「治理原則」之跨部門分析

網 路 問 卷 的 第 三 部 分 乃 是 跨 部 門 治 理 議 題 之 治 理 原 則 ( Principles of Governance),為說明受訪者對 Publicness、Accountability、Public Participation 等 三項原則的態度,於下採用次數分配方法進行分析並說明之。

一、公共性

經過預試與前測的修正後,正式問卷內透過 Q50、Q51、Q53、Q55、Q61 等五道題目,搭配四分法選項(1=No, it isn’t important; 2=Sometimes, it depends;

3=Usually, yes; 4=Definitely, always.),蒐集受訪者對於公共性的認同程度。於下 首先分述各道題目的答案分析:於下依序對各問項的受訪意見既行分析。

(一)就「極大化公共利益」而言

在 58 位受訪者當中,普遍皆認同應將極大化公共利益視為規劃過程首要之 務。這與本研究擬由社會中心途徑解析跨部門治理個案的構想相互印證,但仍有 7 位受訪者(12.1%)認為「有時,要視情況而定」(Sometimes, it depends)(詳 見附錄 39 中,Q50 之次數分配資料)。這是個相當有趣的線索,透過 Q50 與「部 門歸屬」的交叉分析結果,發現選擇「有時,要視情況而定」選項的受訪者,其 部門背景竟主要是非營利部門,這與既有的部門印象似有所出入,應可透過深入 訪談進一步瞭解其原因。

Q50 * Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with? Crosstabulation Count

0 1 5 1 7

9 5 13 5 32

8 2 7 2 19

17 8 25 8 58

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Q50

Total

Governmental Sector.

For-Profit Sector.

Non-Profit Sector.

None of the above.

Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with?

Total

(二)就「消除既有的不平等」而言

對於公共計畫是否應致力於減少規劃區、鄰里或社區間既存的不平等現狀,

在58位受訪者當中,仍有12位受訪者(20.7%)認為「有時,要視情況而定」(詳 見附錄39中,Q51之次數分配資料)。透過Q51與「部門歸屬」進行交叉分析後發 現,儘管前述答覆的受訪者其部門背景分散於三類,但卻仍以營利部門、非營利 部門為主,前者的答覆並未造成客觀印象上的衝突,但後者卻留給人部分進一步 探討的空間。

Q51 * Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with? Crosstabulation

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Sector. None of the above.

Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with?

Total

Q53 * Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with? Crosstabulation Count

2 4 4 0 10

3 2 11 4 20

12 2 10 4 28

17 8 25 8 58

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Sector. None of the above.

Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with?

Total

(四)就「重視公共需求」而言

在58位受訪者當中,普遍皆認同公共計畫不應忽略各項公共需求。但仍有8 位受訪者(13.8%)表示「有時,要視情況而定」,有1位(1.7%)表示「不,那 不重要」(No, it isn’t important)(詳見附錄39中,Q55之次數分配資料)。經Q55 與「部門歸屬」進行交叉分析後發現,答覆無須重視公共需求的受訪者,其部門 背景乃是政府部門;加上有5位的非營利部門受訪者答覆「有時,要視情況而定」, 引發研究者對於洛杉磯河整治計畫的參與者是否存在「菁英規劃」思維的隱憂。

Q55 * Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with? Crosstabulation Count

No, it isn't important Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Sector. None of the above.

Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with?

Total

(五)就「反映各類利益」而言

對於公共計畫是否應將反映各類利益作為基本條件而言,計有13位受訪者

(22.4%)表示「有時,要視情況而定」(詳見附錄39中,Q61之次數分配資料)。

Q61與「部門歸屬」進行交叉分析後發現,前述13份受訪意見主要來自非營利部

門,同時也存在政府及營利部門。對照治理原則強調非營利部門具備反映社會利 益的功能後,研究者不禁引發對洛杉磯當地非營利組織特性的好奇。

Q61 * Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with? Crosstabulation Count

2 2 8 1 13

8 4 6 3 21

7 2 11 4 24

17 8 25 8 58

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Sector. None of the above.

Q74. Which sector are you most closely affiliated with?

Total

二、課責

經過預試與前測的修正後,正式問卷內透過 Q52、Q54、Q60、Q64 等四道 題目,同樣搭配四分法選項(1=No, it isn’t important; 2=Sometimes, it depends;

3=Usually, yes; 4=Definitely, always.),蒐集受訪者對於課責的認同程度。於下首 先分述各道題目的答案分析:

Q52. "Transparency" is a key to obtain public support in a public project.

2 3.4 3.4 3.4

17 29.3 29.3 32.8

39 67.2 67.2 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

(二)就「責任歸屬」而言

在58位受訪者當中,僅有1位受訪者(1.7%)表示「有時,要視情況而定」,

其餘皆認同公共決定必須有清晰的責任歸屬,而高達72.4%的受訪答覆,更是表 示完全支持的態度。由此可見,「責任歸屬」在課責治理原則當中的重要性。

Q54. It should be clear who is accountable for public decisions.

1 1.7 1.7 1.7

15 25.9 25.9 27.6

42 72.4 72.4 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

(三)就「回應性」而言

有較多的受訪者(12位、20.7%)表示「有時,要視情況而定」,而完全支持 的意見也僅有31%。反映出受訪者對於公共計畫願景應否反應民眾的需求,在態 度上呈現較為緩和的意見表示。

Q60. The vision of a public project should reflect what people want.

12 20.7 20.7 20.7

28 48.3 48.3 69.0

18 31.0 31.0 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

(四)就「課責結構」而言

多數受訪者(94.8%)皆認同跨部門參與的計畫必須建立課責結構,僅有3 位受訪者表示「有時,要視情況而定」。可見「課責結構」在課責治理原則當中 的重要性。

Q64. It is necessary to set up an accountability structure for a cross-section involvement project.

3 5.2 5.2 5.2

23 39.7 39.7 44.8

32 55.2 55.2 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

三、公共參與

經過預試與前測的修正後,正式問卷內透過 Q56、Q57、Q58、Q59、Q62、

Q63 等六道題目,搭配四分法選項(1=No, it isn’t important; 2=Sometimes, it depends; 3=Usually, yes; 4=Definitely, always.),蒐集受訪者對於公共參與的認同 程度。於下首先分述各道題目的答案分析:

Q56. Active participation should be promoted in the planning process.

1 1.7 1.7 1.7

17 29.3 29.3 31.0

40 69.0 69.0 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

(二)就「保持互動、雙向溝通」而言

在58位受訪者當中,獲得幾近百分之百的認同。無論哪個部門的參與者皆表 示與利害關係人保持互動乃是公共計畫的重要特色;同時也認為在規劃過程,規 劃者與利害關係人之間應保持雙向溝通。可見「保持互動、雙向溝通」在公共參 與治理原則當中的重要性。

Q57. Sustained interaction with the affected population should be an important feature in a public project.

2 3.4 3.4 3.4

23 39.7 39.7 43.1

33 56.9 56.9 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Q62. There should be two-way communication between planners and stakeholders in the planning process.

1 1.7 1.7 1.7

15 25.9 25.9 27.6

42 72.4 72.4 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

(三)就「代表性」而言

基本上在58位受訪者當中,多數受訪者都認同當地居民應參與相關規劃決策 的過程,也表示多元參與者在規劃過程應普遍被代表。

Q59. Local residents should participate in the process of making planning decisions that affect them.

2 3.4 3.4 3.4

14 24.1 24.1 27.6

42 72.4 72.4 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Q63. Diverse participants should be represented in planning processes.

4 6.9 6.9 6.9

16 27.6 27.6 34.5

38 65.5 65.5 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Q58. It is important for planners to receive information from stakeholders in a public meeting.

1 1.7 1.7 1.7

12 20.7 20.7 22.4

45 77.6 77.6 100.0

58 100.0 100.0

Sometimes, it depends Usually, yes

Definitely, always Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent