• 沒有找到結果。

第七章 結論與建議

第二節 對企業及政府之意涵與建議

雖然本研究的研究對象並不是針對以台灣為國籍的多國籍企業,但是本研究 結果仍對台灣的多國籍企業以及政府上有其管理上的意涵。茲列舉相關意涵如 下:

一、對多國籍企業台灣子公司之意涵

在對多國籍企業台灣子公司之意涵上,本研究認為,在大陸的產業群聚興起 之後,無可避免的會受到來自大陸子公司的挑戰,而威脅本身的存續空間。而此 時台灣子公司應可透過本身自發性的行動,例如提高多國籍企業整體對於台灣子 公司的依賴程度,主動爭取到大陸投資的機會等,增加來增加本身對於多國籍企 業母公司及整體的重要性,來改善此一問題,並降低威脅。

二、對台灣多國籍企業之意涵

(一)產業群聚優勢對於子公司以及多國籍企業整體發展的重要性

當台灣企業展開全球化的擴張行動,在全球進行價值活動的最佳配置以及進 入海外市場(尤其是中國大陸)擴張海外據點時,此時基本上具備多國籍企業運 作之特質。但是相對於外商多國籍企業而言,大多數台灣廠商在全球的擴張行動 上仍屬初始階段,國際管理及運作的經驗仍嫌不足,海外子公司的規模通常也較 小。但是隨著台灣企業之海外子公司運作經驗上升,其貢獻會逐漸增加,而此時 台灣企業應學習如何讓海外子公司能夠迅速從當地產業或區位上獲得持續性的 競爭優勢,或增加海外子公司與當地產業群聚的鑲嵌程度,吸收當地優勢資源,

使子公司能夠於當地不斷成長,甚至移轉子公司在當地的營運經驗,而對整個台 灣多國籍企業整體做出貢獻。

(二)子公司管理上之意涵

多國籍企業在管理上,有其相當大的複雜程度,但是其管理行為的優劣與否 對於多國籍企業的經營績效而言是很重要的。而本研究提及的當地環境複雜程 度、資源重要性、產業群聚特質、子公司所擁有的資源、所從事的價值活動以及 其自發性行為等等都會影響子公司的角色定位以及對多國籍企業的貢獻程度。而 因此,台灣多國籍企業的經營者就必須考量在子公司管理方面所必須注意的因 素,例如子公司的自主權多寡的授予程度、如何激勵子公司產生自發性行為而對 企業整體產生貢獻,而本研究中所提及與實證結果之部分應可提供關於此方面之 些許參考。

三、對政府制訂相關產業政策的意涵

由本研究實證結果可知,目前台灣產業群聚環境對於多國籍企業來講,其具 有競爭優勢的部分在於相關性支援產業部分,也是多國籍企業認為策略重要性高 的部分。但是此一優勢隨著產業外移,以及大陸的相關支援性產業日趨完整的情 況下,其優勢是在流失中的。但台灣的產業群聚應該和大陸的產業群聚走向競爭 或整合關係,這在個案研究中,也曾有某位台灣子公司的高階經理人表示,此種 關係不應該是競爭關係。因此,本研究對於政府制訂相關產業政策的意涵在於,

制訂產業政策時應從如何與大陸的產業群聚形成整合或互補的關係之角度出 發,再以本研究所採用,Porter(1990)鑽石模型中的四個因素來思考要制訂怎 樣的產業政策以及採取何者行動才能形成競爭優勢。

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附錄一 研究問卷

說明:

參、多國籍企業子公司自主權的策略研究部份

當地營運的完善程度

產業群聚特質-相關支援性產業條件方面