• 沒有找到結果。

第五章、 結論

第二節、 未盡之處與未來研究方向

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第二節、未盡之處與未來研究方向

本文試圖利用文獻檢閱和歷史分析方法來討論以色列對美國的公眾外交,研 究過程中發現了許多意料中和意料之外的成果,但寫作過程中筆者亦發現許多有 趣並值得深入探討的議題和資料,最後卻因為受限於諸多因素而捨棄,實感遺憾。

首先,公眾外交研究本身的侷限性讓公眾外交的成果難以追蹤。公眾外交作 為一個政策工具,理應具有行為者、政策內容和受眾等角色,但傳統上公眾外交 研究較難找出政策內容和受眾之間的關係。例如,以色列大使館利用社群網站發 布了訊息,但這些訊息能不能確實傳達到他們的目標群眾、目標群眾會不會被影 響、目標群眾會不會進一步影響其政府,以及其政府會不會因此而改變其政策 等,這些問題一直是公眾外交研究難以精確評估的。

再者,若要研究以色列公眾外交,勢必需要官方資料佐證,但以色列官方資 料除多為希伯來文以外,資料多有加密,未能公開,政府實施政策的事前事後實 際數據難以取得,導致筆者需依賴翻譯文章和二手資料進行研究,如此一來研究 成果勢必有所折扣。

另外,由議題層面觀之,儘管本文採用歷史研究的方法來觀察以色列對美國 的媒體和族裔外交,但這個議題絕對具有值得利用其他研究方法切入討論的潛 力,例如文化層面、戰略層面、美國國內層面、公眾外交受眾研究,以及公眾外 交比較研究等相信皆能為此研究帶來更深層的發現。

最後,從時間層面觀之,本文將研究範圍設定為 2009 年至 2013 年納坦雅胡

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總理的第一任期期間,但納坦雅胡於 2013 年連任後對其公眾外交機構、任務和 方向等又有重大改革,而美國方面的以色列族裔外交力量也隨著左派民眾增加、

J-Street 等機構之影響力擴大而產生了勢力消長,加薩和伊朗情勢也持續變化;

本研究未能討論許多尚在發展的事件,但未來研究若能探討這些後續發展,相信 能為此領域之研究加入更多令人振奮的成果。

公眾外交結合外交、軟實力和傳播等要素,讓它成為相對於傳統外交較新的 議題範圍,得以投入操作的變數不計其數,不同國際關係理論、命題、國家、語 言、文化、時期、途徑、方式、使用工具等皆可以為相同的研究帶來不同結果,

以本研究為例,寫作過程中不同命題持續浮現,大型國家對小型國家的公眾外交 將是如何?美國對以色列公眾外交的內容為何?以色列對巴勒斯坦,甚至其他阿 拉伯國家的公眾外交為何?2013 年後納坦雅胡政府的公眾外交又變成什麼樣 貌?以色列族裔外交在伊朗核子談判的後續影響又是什麼?J-Street 的影響力是 否乘本文所述之勢持續壯大?美國猶太人在美國的影響力和 2013 年相比又是如 何呢?受限於時間和諸多因素,上述命題無法全部呈現於單一研究,但若筆者之 淺見得以能成為引玉之磚,當屬萬幸。

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