第四章、 HORSE SOLDIERS 與其改編電影 12 STRONG 之內容剖析
4.5 進攻策略
接下來要討論的部份是美軍在阿富汗作戰任務中的進攻策略。在電影的改編內
容裡頭,針對這個部份其實並沒有十分突出或明顯的敘述,而是隨著劇情的推展,
自然地呈現給觀眾。觀賞電影的觀眾隨著情節發展,至此已經清楚此次作戰的細
節以及最終目標,也就是從塔利班的手中收復馬扎里沙里夫這座城市。只是,片
中只表明這座阿富汗城市有著相當重要的戰略價值,卻沒有進一步地解釋之所以
重要的原因。同樣地,原著為此提供了解答。
原來當初馬蘇德便曾在心中構想,判斷假如自己能夠堅守住阿富汗北部的防線,
那麼他就可以等待由南方往上進攻的莫哈奇、阿塔與杜斯塔姆,結合四股力量從
後方攻擊勢單力薄的塔利班軍隊。假如北方聯盟可以做到,那麼塔利班–從巴基
斯坦邊境附近的昆都士到馬扎里沙里夫,由東向西延伸約八十公里–的防線就會
被打散並且孤立。「北方聯盟最大的目標就是要拿下馬扎里沙里夫。若是從軍事
戰略上的角度來看,掌握了馬扎,幾乎就等同於控制了整個阿富汗北部地區;拿
下了北部區域之後,接著就是首都喀布爾;奪下了喀布爾之後,就能進攻南部的
74(Doug Stanton, 2009, p.54)。可惜馬蘇德還沒來得及將自己的計畫付諸實現,
就被刺殺身亡了。
74 筆者自譯,原文如下:“Holding this northern front, if he could, Massoud would wait for Mohaqeq, Atta, and Dostum to ride up from the south, attacking the outnumbering Taliban from the rear. If the Alliance could do this, the Taliban front, which stretched eighty miles east and west, from Konduz near the Pakistan border to Mazar-i-Sharif, would be divided. The Alliance’s goal was to capture
Mazar-i-Sharif. If a man held Mazar, then he could hold the north. And if he held the north, he could capture the capital, Kabul. From there, he could attack the desert wastes in the south stretching from Kandahar to the border with Pakistan. His army would rule Afghanistan. …. Rich oil and gas deposits lay nearby. The city’s airport boasted the country’s longest paved runway, capable of landing transport and supply aircraft; the bridge north of the city over the ancient Oxus River could be used to move men and materiel from Uzbekistan. This was why it was such an important piece of ground to hold in the defeat of the Taliban. But increasingly, Mazar’s capture seemed unrealistic.”,Horse Soldiers: The Extraordinary Story of A Band of U.S. Soldiers Who Rode To Victory In Afghanistan,2009
立刻就之後的任務內容以及合作模式進行商討。過程中,杜斯塔姆相當直白地表
示,「如果想要拿下並且控制全阿富汗,那麼關鍵就在於首都喀布爾。而若是想
要順利攻下喀布爾,就得先取得馬扎。」杜斯塔姆接著再更進一步解釋,只要能
夠攻佔馬扎,阿富汗的北部地區就會手到擒來。而一旦掌握了北部區域,接下來
就輪到喀布爾了。之後只要再南下進攻,奪得南部區域的重鎮–坎達哈,整個阿
富汗大抵上就已經等同於落入美軍和北方聯盟的掌控之下了75(Doug Stanton,
2009, p.117)。
小結:《電影閱讀美學》一書中,學者簡政珍認為一部好的電影,追求的是一種
自然的流暢感,片中的每一個鏡頭、每一個畫面的佈局,看似有意為之,卻不造
作(簡政珍,2006,p.48)。
在「進攻策略」此一主題的著墨與呈現上,電影的改編內容顯然不若原著來得
詳實,話雖如此,卻沒有因此而在劇情走向或是戲劇張力等面向打了折扣;從文
字到影像的改編過程裡或許犧牲了部份較為次要的訊息,但是卻換來了影片整體
的流暢,其中孰好孰壞、孰是孰非,實在因人而異。按筆者之見,如此的選擇是
75 筆者自譯,原文如下:“The key to controlling the country, he (Dostum) explained, meant taking Kabul. The key to Kabul was taking Mazar. The key to Mazar, Dostum continued, was taking the Darya Suf River Valley. And if they took Mazar, the north would fall. All six provinces. Without question. Next would come Kabul. And with the north in control, you could take Kandahar in the south. In this way, you could capture the country.”,Horse Soldiers: The Extraordinary Story of A Band of U.S. Soldiers Who Rode To Victory In Afghanistan,2009
絕對可以被理解的。
值得一提的是,當觀眾在欣賞電影的時候,若是期望得到與閱讀文學作品同樣
的纖細感受,那麼十分重要的一點在於,觀眾首先就需要明白電影本身是藉由影
像來「顯示」一些事件,而非明言「告訴」你我某些資訊、甚或是道德教訓(簡
政珍,2006,p.8)。然而,也正因為只是「顯示」,它同時賦予了觀者廣泛的想
像空間,讓觀者因而能夠更加融入電影的劇情之中。