實驗材料

本研究根據先前研究所歸納的飲食範疇隱喻詞彙，選擇「酸、甜、餿、

沸騰、醞釀、過濾、咀嚼、吞、消化、吸收」等詞，比較以上詞彙之中、英 文隱喻義，將詞彙歸納為漢英隱喻相同（參見表 三-5）及漢英隱喻相異（參 見表 三-6）兩組，並詳列各詞彙之詞性、基本義和隱喻義及隱喻原則。

各詞彙之隱喻義經由數個步驟整理而成。首先，關於詞彙的漢英對應，

先藉由英漢字典查找，再請精通中文之英語母語者確認漢英對應的適切性。

第二步，利用劍橋英語線上字典（Cambridge Dictionaries Online）之美式英 語（American English）版本、Princeton WordNet、教育部重編國語辭典和中 文詞彙網路（Chinese WordNet）等工具，作為詞彙基本義和隱喻義之界定 基礎，並比較中英文詞彙隱喻義的差異。 crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it is easier to swallow

to think something over

COMPREHENSION OF THOUGHT AS DIGESTION OF FOOD

2 吞

Swallow V.

to force food or liquid in your mouth to move into your stomach by use of the muscles of your throat

to accept

something without question or without expressing

disagreement

COMPREHENSION OF THOUGHT AS DIGESTION OF FOOD

3 消化

Digest V.

to chemically change food into smaller forms that the body can absorb and use

to internalize information to the extent that you are able to fully comprehend it

COMPREHENSION OF THOUGHT AS DIGESTION OF FOOD

4 吸收

Absorb V. to take in a liquid, gas, or chemical.

to understand knowledge, ideas, or information completely and store them in your memory.

COMPREHENSION OF THOUGHT AS DIGESTION OF FOOD

5 沸騰

Boil V.

to start to turn into a gas because of being heated, or to cause a liquid to turn into a gas in this way

describes anger or other feelings that have become too strong to control

CREATION OF THOUGHT AS PREPARATION OF FOOD

6 甜

Sweet Adj. having a taste similar to that of sugar or honey

describes saying kind words to please others

QUALITY OF THOUGHT AS FLAVOR OF FOOD

11 此類中，詞彙「吞」及「沸騰」之隱喻義與情緒較貼近，為避免實驗材料過少，在此將情緒視 為廣義上思想的一部份。

經分析得到六個漢英隱喻相同詞彙，分屬三個隱喻次原則。本文認為，

describes heartless words expressing envy or jealousy

QUALITY OF THOUGHT AS FLAVOR OF FOOD

2 餿

Rancid Adj.

tasting or smelling unpleasant because it is not fresh

describes

someone‟s words or ideas are worthless

QUALITY OF THOUGHT AS FLAVOR OF FOOD

3 醞釀

Ferment V.

to change chemically through the action of living substances, such as yeast or bacteria, or to use a substance to produce a chemical change

to mull over a particular topic or issue

CREATION OF THOUGHT AS PREPARATION OF FOOD

4 過濾

Filter V.

to pass a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment in order to remove solid pieces or other substances

to process information in a selective manner

CREATION OF THOUGHT AS PREPARATION OF FOOD

本文根據 Princeton wordnet 及中文詞彙網路之內容，比較「酸、餿、醞 釀、過濾」的隱喻意義，發現此四詞彙在中英文隱喻上具有差異，以下分別 進行說明：

首先，「酸∕Sour」在 Princeton wordnet 的英文隱喻義為 showing a brooding ill humor，在中文詞彙網路中，其詞彙隱喻義為「形容因羨慕或嫉 妒而流露出的感覺。」其次，「醞釀∕Ferment」在 Princeton WordNet 的隱 喻義為 be in an agitated or excited state，其在中文詞彙網路的隱喻義則為「比

12 該表之隱喻義解釋係根據各詞彙之漢語隱喻用法編寫而成。

喻為達成特定目的而做經過一段時間的準備。」最後，「餿」和「過濾」在 劍橋英語線上字典和 Princeton WordNet 中並無隱喻義項，因此可知，兩詞 彙在英語中不具隱喻義。在漢語方陎，雖然此二詞彙在中文詞彙網路沒有資 料，但在教育部重編國語辭典中的解釋分別為「不管用、不高明的」和「篩 選、揀選」。

最後，本文以各種工具的詞彙解釋為基礎，改寫為較簡易，卻貼近辭典 的解釋。並請英語母語者確認英文解釋的正確性，作為後續實驗之材料。必 頇注意的是，本文所挑選的 10 個目標詞彙，屬於漢英隱喻相同的有 6 個，

其餘 4 個則為漢英隱喻相異，非兩類數量均等。這是基於後續研究設計短文 撰寫的考量，因詞彙性質差異若太大，將很難編寫至同一篇文章中。