第六章 結論
附錄 2 實驗組學習階段講義
詞彙學習實驗
親愛的同學你好:
你知道有很多詞,除了原本的意思以外,還有其他比較抽象(abstract)的意 思嗎?不管是中文或英文,都有這樣的例子。比方說,英文的”foster”本來是” to take care of a child as if it were your own, usually for a limited time, without being the child‟s legal parent”的意思,但當我們說”I try to foster an appreciation for classical music in my students”,這時候”foster”就變成”to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings”的意思了。
更有趣的是,這些抽象的意思還可以用隱喻(metaphor)組織起來,上陎的 例子裡,我們把 appreciation for classical music 看成 child,所以這個句子的隱喻是 IDEAS ARE PEOPLE。
接著請你讀下陎的文章,並把文章裡的八個生詞背起來,這些生詞都是比較 抽象的意思。十分鐘後,會有一個簡單的考詴,看看你能記得多少生詞的意思。
加油!
第一部分 短文
如何與人交流
常常有人問我,如何與人交流?這個問題可以說是很簡單也很複雜。當然,
你絕對不能當一個講話很酸的人,朋友告訴你什麼好事,你卻只說些令人感到不 舒服的話。但是,你也不需要當一個嘴巴很甜的人,每天說別人的好話,這樣也 會讓人覺得你不是真心地想讚美他們。
其實,與人交流有一些方法,比方說你應該先過濾你所聽到的資訊,決定哪 些是重要的。接著,你應該好好消化這些資訊,確定自己真正了解意思以後,才 給予回應。如果你能做到以上這兩點,那麼你已經具備與人順利交流的能力了。
麻煩的是,與人交流時,不一定總是順利,特別是當你聽到與自己不同的意見時 最容易發生問題。因為人的情緒沸騰時,特別容易產生誤會或衝突。這時候,你 更應該反覆咀嚼別人說的話,以免造成誤會。當然,你也不必把別人的想法全部 吞下去,相反的,你應該冷靜地表達自己的意見,這樣才能達到交流的目的。
另外,也有人告訴我,他們不知道該怎麼提出好的想法,害怕別人因此不喜 歡與他們交流。其實,真正好的想法,都是醞釀了很長一段時間才提出來的,所 以我也建議你帄常就多累積各方陎的知識,並思考各種不同的問題。如果你能記 住以上幾個要點,你也能與人很好地交流了!
第二部分 生詞
IDEAS ARE FOOD
A. QUALITY OF THOUGHT AS FLAVOR OF FOOD
Meaning 1 Meaning 2
describes saying kind words to please others
2. having a sharp taste.
酸 suān Adj.
describes heartless words expressing envy or jealousy
B. CREATION OF THOUGHT AS PREPARATION OF FOOD
Meaning 1 Meaning 2
3.
to start to turn into a gas because of being heated, or to cause a liquid to turn into a gas in this way.
沸騰 fèiténg
V.
describes anger or other feelings that have become too strong to control
4.
to change chemically through the action of living
substances, such as yeast or bacteria, or to use a substance to produce a chemical change
醞釀 yùnniàng
V.
to mull over a particular topic or issue
5.
to pass a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment in order to remove solid pieces or other substances
過濾 guòlǜ V.
to process information in a selective manner
FOOD IDEAS
Flavor Preparation Digestion
Quality Creation
Comprehension
C. COMPREHENSION OF THOUGHT AS DIGESTION OF FOOD
Meaning 1 Meaning 2
6.
to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it is easier to swallow.
咀嚼 jǔjué V.
to think something over
7.
to force food or liquid in your mouth to move into your stomach by use of the muscles of your throat
吞 tūn
V.
to accept something without question or without expressing disagreement
8. to chemically change food into smaller forms that the body can absorb and use
消化 xiāohuà
V.
to internalize information to the extent that you are able to fully comprehend it