第四章 孟加拉、馬來西亞、泰國及印尼之羅興亞難民政策
第三節 泰國:羅興亞難民的傷心地
(compassion fatigue)，52 龐大的難民人數更影響泰國的難民政策。然自 1970 年代起，泰國前總理 Prem Tinsulanonda 公開表示不願接納滯留泰緬邊境的 羅興亞難民，並將就非法入境的羅興亞難民進行逮捕及驅逐，自由之家 (Freedom House)曾公開譴責驅離羅興亞難民的行徑違反人道精神；53 而相 對於泰緬邊境收容數十萬名躲避戰火的緬甸卡倫及卡倫尼難民，羅興亞人容 留難民營人數十分稀少。與受緬甸軍政府迫害的「緬甸民主陣線聯盟」
(Myanmar’s National League for Democracy, MNLD)相比較，泰國政府視「緬 甸民主陣線聯盟」(MNLD )具「學生」身分並同意聯合國難民署進行難民登 記，羅興亞難民卻被泰國政府視為「暫時失所者」，且不允許聯合國難民署
期：2017 年 2 月 11 日。
51 Melissa Goh, 2 February 2017, “Rohingya Refugees to Be Allowed to Work in Malaysia from March,” Channel News Asia.
52 Roger J. LeMaster and Barnaby Zall, 1983 “Compassion Faigue: The Expansion of Refugee Admissions to the United States,” Boston College International and Comparative Law Review 6(2): 449.
53 “Freedom in the World 2010-Thailan,” Freedom House, 1 June 2010 ,
http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=4c1a1e9a2d，檢索 日期：2017 年 2 月 11 日。
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54 Maher Sattar, 29 January 2017, “Rohingya Camps in Bangladesh and Thailand, Worlds Apart,” Aljazeera
55 “Thailand: Refugee Policies Ad Hoc and Inadequate,” Human Rights Watch, 13 September 2013. 依據泰國移民法第 17 章規定(1979 Immigration Act , Section 17)，基於某些因素及 條件，泰國政府可核准為合法入境者免除違反移民法之處罰(如兩年刑期及罰鍰)。
56 “Perilous Plight: Burma’s Rohingya Take to the Seas,” Human Rights Watch, 26 May 2009.
57 “The Stateless Rohingya in Thailand,” Center for Migration Studies,
http://cmsny.org/the-stateless-rohingya-in-thailand/，檢索日期：2017 年 2 月 12 日。
58 The European Parliament, “European Parliament Resolution on the Situation of Burmese Refugees in Thailand,” The Europoean Parliament. B6-0079-2009, 3 February 2009.
59 “The Refugee and Trafficking Crisis in Southeast Asia,” Amnesty International, October 2015.
60 Human Rights Watch, 2009.
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前泰國總理 Samak Sundaravej 表示讓難民們知道並瞭解非法偷渡到泰國後 的生活非常艱苦，可以打消羅興亞難民繼續採取偷渡並躲藏在泰國的念頭。62 Paul Chamber, 23 October 2015 , “Thailand Must End Its Own Rohingya Atrocity,” The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/thailand-must-end-its-own-rohingya-atrocity/，檢 索日期:：2017 年 2 月 12 日。
63 “We’ll Put Rohingya on Desert Island: Thai PM,” The Irrawaddy, 1 April 2008.
64 “Torment of Rohingya in Thailand: New Report Documents Their Agony,” Equal Rights Trust, 18 October 2014.
65 Panchali Saikia, 30 December 2011, “Myanmar: Rohingya Refugees and Thailand’s Push-Back,”
http://www.ipcs.org/article/southeast-asia/myanmar-rohingya-refugees-and-thailands-push-bac k-3539.html，檢索日期：2017 年 2 月 13 日。
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進行難民登記及照顧，而前泰國總理 Yingluck Shinawatra 宣布提供 2,000 名 羅興亞難民將拘留，直到聯合國難民署完成第三國安置或羅興亞難民可安全 地返回緬甸，72 顯見泰國政府有意願與聯合國難民署及非政府組織如國際66 Amy Sawitta Lefevre, 20 August 2013, “ Muslim Rohingya Asylum Seekers Escape Thai Detention Center,” The Reuter.
67 Su-Ann Oh, 4 March 2013, “ Rohingya Boat Arrivals in Thailand: From the Flying Pan into the Fire ? ,” LSEAS Perspective #11.
68 “Thailand: Don’t Deport Rohingya Boat People,” ISEAS, 2 January 2013,
https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2013_11.pdf，檢索日期：2017 年 2 月 13 日
69 “Myanmar Rohingya Refugees Rescued in Thailand,” Aljazeera, 11 January 2013.
70 Amy Sawitta Lefevre and Andrew R.C. Marshall, 27 January 2014, “Thai Police Rescue Hundreds of Rohingya in Raid on a Suspected Trafficker’s Camp,” Reuter.
71 Vivian Tan and Leo Dobbs, 2 August 2013, “Six Months on, Rohingya in Thailand Struggle to Keep Hope Afloat,” UNHCR.
72 “Thailand: End Inhumane Detention of Rohingya,” Human Rights Watch, 3 June 2013.
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移民組織(IOM)及聯合國兒童基金會(United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF)等單位共同解決羅興亞難民問題。73 Executive Council of the Indonesia Islamic Missionary Council)認為印尼穆斯 林有責任照顧並接羅興亞難民，自始開啟印尼政府接納羅興亞難民。74而本
73 Avigail Olarte, 8 February 2013, “Rohingyas in Peril as Thailand Struggles to Pay for Shelter,” The Nation, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/opinion/aec/30199545”，檢索 日期：2017 年 2 月 14 日。”Thailand : Fleeing Rohingya Shot in Sea by Navy.”Human Rights Watch , 13 March 2013,
https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/13/thailand-fleeing-rohingya-shot-sea-navy ，檢索日 期：2017 年 2 月 13 日。
74 “Indonesia Factsheet,” UNHCR, February 2016, http://www.unhcr.org/50001bda9.pdf，檢索 日期：2017 年 2 月 14 日。