第五章 結論
第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向
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第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向
本研究希望透過對協力、網絡與擴散的理論，探討對於體系轉變的影響因素。
從理論建構、問卷設計、資料收集到統整分析上，本論文皆盡可能與過去文獻的 進行對話。然而，由於個案場域是在中國大陸，且有許多行動者是政府部門的組 織。本研究的限制有以下：
壹、政策場域行動者的界定。中國林業局從 2013 年至今已召開四次會議，
其政策討論場域的行動者變化也非常大。然而，本研究選定第一次會議行動者作 為本論文研究的研究樣本。雖然在訪談過程中，也與受訪者再次確認行動者的信 度與效度，得到的答覆是與實際參與政策討論的情況非常接近。然而，由於時間 與預算的限制，無法將第二次至第四次參與的行動者納入進行比較。
貳、政策擴散界定的假設問題。由於本研究是以政策制定場域的行動者為調 查樣本，也以他們對於體系採用的回覆，作為中國大陸森林認證體系的擴散基礎。
前提假設是這些政策制定過程的相關利益方，他們對於體系的選擇會影響在市場 推廣上的差異性。雖然在訪談過程中，他們也認為決策圈的行動者確實會影響市 場的走向，但仍不完全知曉會如何發展。
參、兩階段互動網絡的遺漏問題。在網絡問卷中，詢問行動者對於兩個階段 的合作對象。然而，由於對行動者而言必須回復記憶，因此僅能盡可能告知兩階 段的差異性與明確時間點。此外，中國大陸第一次舉辦森林認證制定討論會議，
是與 PEFC 合作後才開始。因此，有些行動者並沒有參與到 2008 年前的討論過 程，在互動網絡登錄上僅能設為遺漏值。
肆、量化分析較缺乏多元性。由於政策制定場域的行動者僅有 36 個組織，
本研究雖然收回 34 份，在統計分析上之樣本數仍過少。因此，在分析過程中，
只能透過卡方相關性檢定與質性訪談內容，來進行變項與變數間的相關性推論。
無法進行更明確的單因數變異數分析，來對問題有更精準的回覆。
伍、嘗試多元的網絡驗證。本論文僅透過簡單的網絡分析指標，來檢驗研究 假設。未來相關研究可再深入探討，透過 SIENNA 動態網絡分析瞭解在長時間 的政策轉變現象，探討行動者是否有「邁向採用某個認證體系」之趨同可能性。
在上述的研究發展與限制下，本研究建議未來若要繼續深化中國大陸政策制 定之協力與擴散研究，有幾個可以參考的方向。第一，本研究分為六個群組，但 僅限於中央政策制定的層級。若可以收集到地方政策制定層級的行動者資料，將
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能更有效地進行比較，建構不同群組的發展模式。第二，東亞是一個經濟發展群 集性高的區域，若能瞭解韓國、日本與台灣對於市場認證的制定過程，將能如同 美洲地區的市場模式，擴大其效益。第三、中國大陸的政策有愈趨開放的傾向，
若未來能進入其他政策場域，透過相似的協力、擴散、網絡模型進行探討，相信 將能為研究中國大陸領域的學者，帶來更完整的瞭解，並給予不同的思維角度。
綜上所述，本研究透過時間與空間的軸線上，探討中國大陸在實際的政策場 域運作。行動者的網絡互動轉變，給予協力合作與政策採用擴散，不同的理論討 論。尤其過去學者要進入中國大陸的政策場域，瞭解實際行動者想法與運作情況 是較困難的情況下。本研究仍努力嘗試以各種不同方式，蒐集分析出初步的協力 架構，給予相關理論與學者不一樣的角度觀點。當然，本研究只是一個初步的探 討，仍有許多政策議題需要繼續被探討與解答。期待未來對於中國大陸議題，公 共行政學者及實務者，能夠持續給予政策協力、網絡與擴散的發展，投入更多的 資源與心力。
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